Prevalence of major depressive disorder and socio-demographic correlates: Results of a representative household epidemiological survey in Beijing, China

Jing Liu, Fang Yan, Xin Ma, Hong-Li Guo, Yi-Lang Tang, Jeffrey J Rakofsky, Xiao-Mei Wu, Xiao-Qiang Li, Hong Zhu, Xiao-Bing Guo, Yang Yang, Peng Li, Xin-Dong Cao, Hai-Ying Li, Zhen-Bo Li, Ping Wang, Qiu-Yue Xu, Jing Liu, Fang Yan, Xin Ma, Hong-Li Guo, Yi-Lang Tang, Jeffrey J Rakofsky, Xiao-Mei Wu, Xiao-Qiang Li, Hong Zhu, Xiao-Bing Guo, Yang Yang, Peng Li, Xin-Dong Cao, Hai-Ying Li, Zhen-Bo Li, Ping Wang, Qiu-Yue Xu

Abstract

Background: Major depressive disorder (MDD) is the most prevalent mental disorder in the general population and has been associated with socioeconomic factors. Beijing has undergone significant socioeconomic changes in last decade, however no large-scale community epidemiological surveys of MDD have been conducted in Beijing since 2003.

Aims: To determine the prevalence of MDD and its socio-demographic correlates in a representative household sample of the general population in Beijing, China.

Method: Data were collected from the 2010 representative household epidemiological survey of mental disorders in Beijing. The multistage cluster random sampling method was used to select qualified subjects in 18 districts and counties, and then face-to-face interviews were administered using the Chinese version of Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV-TR Axis I Disorders-Patient Edition (SCID-I/P) during November 1, 2010 to December 31, 2010.

Results: 19,874 registered permanent residents were randomly identified and 16,032 (response rate=80.7%) completed face-to-face interviews. The time-point and life-time prevalence rates of MDD were estimated to be 1.10% (95% CI: 0.94-1.26%) and 3.56% (95% CI: 3.27-3.85%) respectively. Significant differences were found in sex, age, location of residence, marital status, education, employment status, personal/family monthly income, perception of family environment and relationship with others, when comparing residents with MDD to those without MDD. Those who were female, aged 45 or above, reported low family income, or reported an "average" or "poor" family environment were associated with a higher risk of MDD.

Conclusions: The prevalence of MDD reported in this survey is relatively lower than that in other western countries. Female sex, age older than 45, low family income, and poor family environment appear to be independent risk factors for MDD.

Keywords: China; Epidemiology; Major depressive disorder; Mental health; Prevalence.

Copyright © 2015 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

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Sampling flow chart.

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