The effect of alternating current iontophoresis on rats with the chronic constriction injury to the infraorbital nerve

Yoko Yamazaki, Masahiro Umino, Haruhisa Fukayama, Masahiko Shimada, Yoko Yamazaki, Masahiro Umino, Haruhisa Fukayama, Masahiko Shimada

Abstract

This study aimed to examine the effect of AC iontophoresis on rats with the chronic constriction injury (CCI) to the infraorbital nerve by animal experiments. CCI model rats were divided into four groups, namely, rats that received general anesthesia for 60 min except AC IOP (CCI: n = 5), AC IOP with 0.9% physiological saline for 60 min (CCI + saline AC IOP: n = 5), AC IOP with 4% lidocaine hydrochloride for 60 min (CCI + lidocaine AC IOP: n = 5), and attachment of two electrodes soaked with 4% lidocaine hydrochloride to the facial skin for 60 min (CCI + attach lidocaine: n = 5). In the CCI + lidocaine AC IOP group, an elevated withdrawal threshold was observed after AC IOP, and the duration of efficacy was longer compared with that in the CCI + saline AC IOP and CCI + attached lidocaine groups. A significant decrease in the number of Fos-like immunoreactive (LI) cells was observed in the CCI + lidocaine AC IOP group compared with that in the CCI group. These findings suggest that the effect of CCI + lidocaine AC IOP group may be caused by active permeation of lidocaine into the facial skin and electrical stimulation of the trigeminal nucleus.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
The electrodes were made of cotton and aluminum foil (a). A pulsed alternating current (AC) voltage generator was used (LASPER; Sankyo Electric Co., Japan) (b). A photograph of application to a patient (c).
Figure 2
Figure 2
Change in mechanical withdrawal thresholds 7 days after chronic constriction injury (CCI) (mean ± SEM). The values of 7 days after CCI decreased significantly on the ipsilateral side compared with the preoperative values. In addition, a significant difference was observed between the sham group and other groups. *P < 0.05, n = 5.
Figure 3
Figure 3
After 60 min treatment, mechanical withdrawal thresholds were measured at 0, 30, 60, 90, and 120 min. A significant increase in the withdrawal threshold was observed in the CCI + lidocaine AC IOP group until 60 min after treatment. The value in the CCI + saline AC IOP group at 0 min also increased significantly. The values in the CCI + attach lidocaine group at 0 min increased significantly compared with those prior to AC IOP; however no significant difference was observed compared with the values in the CCI group. All the changes were observed on the ipsilateral side. ∗,#P < 0.05, n = 5.
Figure 4
Figure 4
Expression of Fos-LI cells in the trigeminal subnucleus caudalis. A small number of Fos-LI cells was observed in the CCI + lidocaine AC IOP group.
Figure 5
Figure 5
Distribution of the expression of Fos-LI cells in the trigeminal nucleus. The CCI + lidocaine AC IOP group showed a decrease in the number of Fos-LI cells from −2.4 mm to −0.6 mm in the trigeminal nucleus. The number of Fos-LI cells decreases from −1.8 mm to −1.2 mm in the trigeminal nucleus of the CCI + saline AC IOP group and the CCI + attach lidocaine group. No significant difference in the number of Fos-LI cells was observed on the contralateral side. *P < 0.05, n = 5.

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