The change in plasma 25-hydroxyvitamin D did not differ between breast-fed infants that received a daily supplement of ergocalciferol or cholecalciferol for 3 months

Sina Gallo, Anna Phan, Catherine A Vanstone, Celia Rodd, Hope A Weiler, Sina Gallo, Anna Phan, Catherine A Vanstone, Celia Rodd, Hope A Weiler

Abstract

The biological equivalency of ergocalciferol (D2) and cholecalciferol (D3) has been debated; several comparisons have appeared in the adult literature but are scarce in pediatrics. The objective of this study was to compare increases in plasma 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] concentrations and attainment of 50 and 75 mol/L status cutoffs following 3 mo of daily supplementation with D2 compared with D3. Healthy, breast-fed, 1-mo-old infants (n = 52) received 10 μg (400 ic) of either D2 or D3 daily. At 1 and 4 mo of age, plasma 25-hydroxyergocalciferol and 25-hydroxycholecalciferol concentrations were determined by liquid chromatography tandem MS (LC-MS/MS) and total 25(OH)D by chemiluminescent immunoassay (DiaSorin Liaison). Data were analyzed using t tests and χ² by intent to treat. A total of 23% of infants were deficient (≤24.9 nmol/L) at baseline and 2% at follow-up on the basis of LC-MS/MS. At 4 mo, 96% were breastfed and there were no differences in compliance, breastfeeding rates, or sun exposure among groups. The change in total 25(OH)D measured by LC-MS/MS did not differ between the D2 (17.6 ± 26.7 nmol/L) and D3 (22.2 ± 20.2 nmol/L) groups. In the combined groups, the baseline plasma 25(OH)D concentration was inversely related to the change in total 25(OH)D (r = -0.52; P < 0.001). Overall, 86% of infants met the 50 nmol/L cutoff at follow-up; however, fewer infants in the D2 group (75%) met this level compared with the D3 group (96%) (P < 0.05). Similar results were obtained by immunoassay. In conclusion, the increase in the 25(OH)D concentration among the D2 and D3 groups did not differ, suggesting daily intake of either isoform is acceptable for infants <4 mo.

Trial registration: ClinicalTrials.gov NCT01190137.

Conflict of interest statement

Author disclosures: S. Gallo, A. Phan, C. A. Vanstone, C. Rodd, and H. A. Weiler, no conflicts of interest.

Figures

FIGURE 1
FIGURE 1
Consort diagram. 1 μg vitamin D = 40 IU. D2, ergocalciferol; D3, cholecalciferol.
FIGURE 2
FIGURE 2
Plasma 25(OH)D concentrations at baseline (∼1 mo) and follow-up (∼4 mo) in infants that received 10 μg/d D2 or D3 as assessed by LC-MS/MS (A) and immunoassay (B). Values are means and 95% CI, n = 24–26. 25(OH)D, 25-hydroxyvitamin D; D2, ergocalciferol; D3, cholecalciferol; LC-MS/MS, liquid chromatography tandem <S.
FIGURE 3
FIGURE 3
Plasma 25(OH)D concentration by LC-MS/MS from 1 to 4 mo of age in infants that received 10 μg/d D2 or D3 by baseline 25(OH)D category. Data are mean change ± SD. 25(OH)D, 25-hydroxyvitamin D; D2, ergocalciferol; D3, cholecalciferol; LC-MS/MS, liquid chromatography tandem MS.

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