2021 ESC Guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of acute and chronic heart failure: Developed by the Task Force for the diagnosis and treatment of acute and chronic heart failure of the European Society of Cardiology (ESC). With the special contribution of the Heart Failure Association (HFA) of the ESC

Authors/Task Force Members:, Theresa A McDonagh, Marco Metra, Marianna Adamo, Roy S Gardner, Andreas Baumbach, Michael Böhm, Haran Burri, Javed Butler, Jelena Čelutkienė, Ovidiu Chioncel, John G F Cleland, Andrew J S Coats, Maria G Crespo-Leiro, Dimitrios Farmakis, Martine Gilard, Stephane Heymans, Arno W Hoes, Tiny Jaarsma, Ewa A Jankowska, Mitja Lainscak, Carolyn S P Lam, Alexander R Lyon, John J V McMurray, Alexandre Mebazaa, Richard Mindham, Claudio Muneretto, Massimo Francesco Piepoli, Susanna Price, Giuseppe M C Rosano, Frank Ruschitzka, Anne Kathrine Skibelund, ESC Scientific Document Group, Rudolf A de Boer, P Christian Schulze, Magdy Abdelhamid, Victor Aboyans, Stamatis Adamopoulos, Stefan D Anker, Elena Arbelo, Riccardo Asteggiano, Johann Bauersachs, Antoni Bayes-Genis, Michael A Borger, Werner Budts, Maja Cikes, Kevin Damman, Victoria Delgado, Paul Dendale, Polychronis Dilaveris, Heinz Drexel, Justin Ezekowitz, Volkmar Falk, Laurent Fauchier, Gerasimos Filippatos, Alan Fraser, Norbert Frey, Chris P Gale, Finn Gustafsson, Julie Harris, Bernard Iung, Stefan Janssens, Mariell Jessup, Aleksandra Konradi, Dipak Kotecha, Ekaterini Lambrinou, Patrizio Lancellotti, Ulf Landmesser, Christophe Leclercq, Basil S Lewis, Francisco Leyva, Aleš Linhart, Maja-Lisa Løchen, Lars H Lund, Donna Mancini, Josep Masip, Davor Milicic, Christian Mueller, Holger Nef, Jens-Cosedis Nielsen, Lis Neubeck, Michel Noutsias, Steffen E Petersen, Anna Sonia Petronio, Piotr Ponikowski, Eva Prescott, Amina Rakisheva, Dimitrios J Richter, Evgeny Schlyakhto, Petar Seferovic, Michele Senni, Marta Sitges, Miguel Sousa-Uva, Carlo G Tocchetti, Rhian M Touyz, Carsten Tschoepe, Johannes Waltenberger, Authors/Task Force Members:, Theresa A McDonagh, Marco Metra, Marianna Adamo, Roy S Gardner, Andreas Baumbach, Michael Böhm, Haran Burri, Javed Butler, Jelena Čelutkienė, Ovidiu Chioncel, John G F Cleland, Andrew J S Coats, Maria G Crespo-Leiro, Dimitrios Farmakis, Martine Gilard, Stephane Heymans, Arno W Hoes, Tiny Jaarsma, Ewa A Jankowska, Mitja Lainscak, Carolyn S P Lam, Alexander R Lyon, John J V McMurray, Alexandre Mebazaa, Richard Mindham, Claudio Muneretto, Massimo Francesco Piepoli, Susanna Price, Giuseppe M C Rosano, Frank Ruschitzka, Anne Kathrine Skibelund, ESC Scientific Document Group, Rudolf A de Boer, P Christian Schulze, Magdy Abdelhamid, Victor Aboyans, Stamatis Adamopoulos, Stefan D Anker, Elena Arbelo, Riccardo Asteggiano, Johann Bauersachs, Antoni Bayes-Genis, Michael A Borger, Werner Budts, Maja Cikes, Kevin Damman, Victoria Delgado, Paul Dendale, Polychronis Dilaveris, Heinz Drexel, Justin Ezekowitz, Volkmar Falk, Laurent Fauchier, Gerasimos Filippatos, Alan Fraser, Norbert Frey, Chris P Gale, Finn Gustafsson, Julie Harris, Bernard Iung, Stefan Janssens, Mariell Jessup, Aleksandra Konradi, Dipak Kotecha, Ekaterini Lambrinou, Patrizio Lancellotti, Ulf Landmesser, Christophe Leclercq, Basil S Lewis, Francisco Leyva, Aleš Linhart, Maja-Lisa Løchen, Lars H Lund, Donna Mancini, Josep Masip, Davor Milicic, Christian Mueller, Holger Nef, Jens-Cosedis Nielsen, Lis Neubeck, Michel Noutsias, Steffen E Petersen, Anna Sonia Petronio, Piotr Ponikowski, Eva Prescott, Amina Rakisheva, Dimitrios J Richter, Evgeny Schlyakhto, Petar Seferovic, Michele Senni, Marta Sitges, Miguel Sousa-Uva, Carlo G Tocchetti, Rhian M Touyz, Carsten Tschoepe, Johannes Waltenberger

Abstract

Document Reviewers: Rudolf A. de Boer (CPG Review Coordinator) (Netherlands), P. Christian Schulze (CPG Review Coordinator) (Germany), Magdy Abdelhamid (Egypt), Victor Aboyans (France), Stamatis Adamopoulos (Greece), Stefan D. Anker (Germany), Elena Arbelo (Spain), Riccardo Asteggiano (Italy), Johann Bauersachs (Germany), Antoni Bayes-Genis (Spain), Michael A. Borger (Germany), Werner Budts (Belgium), Maja Cikes (Croatia), Kevin Damman (Netherlands), Victoria Delgado (Netherlands), Paul Dendale (Belgium), Polychronis Dilaveris (Greece), Heinz Drexel (Austria), Justin Ezekowitz (Canada), Volkmar Falk (Germany), Laurent Fauchier (France), Gerasimos Filippatos (Greece), Alan Fraser (United Kingdom), Norbert Frey (Germany), Chris P. Gale (United Kingdom), Finn Gustafsson (Denmark), Julie Harris (United Kingdom), Bernard Iung (France), Stefan Janssens (Belgium), Mariell Jessup (United States of America), Aleksandra Konradi (Russia), Dipak Kotecha (United Kingdom), Ekaterini Lambrinou (Cyprus), Patrizio Lancellotti (Belgium), Ulf Landmesser (Germany), Christophe Leclercq (France), Basil S. Lewis (Israel), Francisco Leyva (United Kingdom), AleVs Linhart (Czech Republic), Maja-Lisa Løchen (Norway), Lars H. Lund (Sweden), Donna Mancini (United States of America), Josep Masip (Spain), Davor Milicic (Croatia), Christian Mueller (Switzerland), Holger Nef (Germany), Jens-Cosedis Nielsen (Denmark), Lis Neubeck (United Kingdom), Michel Noutsias (Germany), Steffen E. Petersen (United Kingdom), Anna Sonia Petronio (Italy), Piotr Ponikowski (Poland), Eva Prescott (Denmark), Amina Rakisheva (Kazakhstan), Dimitrios J. Richter (Greece), Evgeny Schlyakhto (Russia), Petar Seferovic (Serbia), Michele Senni (Italy), Marta Sitges (Spain), Miguel Sousa-Uva (Portugal), Carlo G. Tocchetti (Italy), Rhian M. Touyz (United Kingdom), Carsten Tschoepe (Germany), Johannes Waltenberger (Germany/Switzerland) All experts involved in the development of these guidelines have submitted declarations of interest. These have been compiled in a report and published in a supplementary document simultaneously to the guidelines. The report is also available on the ESC website www.escardio.org/guidelines For the Supplementary Data which include background information and detailed discussion of the data that have provided the basis for the guidelines see European Heart Journal online.

Keywords: Guidelines; acute heart failure; advanced heart failure; arrhythmias; cardiac resynchronization therapy; comorbidities; diagnosis; ejection fraction; heart failure; hospitalization; mechanical circulatory support; multidisciplinary management; natriuretic peptides; neuro-hormonal antagonists; pharmacotherapy; transplantation.

© 2022 European Society of Cardiology This article has been co-published with permission in European Heart Journal (published by Oxford University Press on behalf of European Society of Cardiology) and European Journal of Heart Failure (published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of European Society of Cardiology).

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