Heart Disease and Stroke Statistics-2017 Update: A Report From the American Heart Association
Emelia J Benjamin, Michael J Blaha, Stephanie E Chiuve, Mary Cushman, Sandeep R Das, Rajat Deo, Sarah D de Ferranti, James Floyd, Myriam Fornage, Cathleen Gillespie, Carmen R Isasi, Monik C Jiménez, Lori Chaffin Jordan, Suzanne E Judd, Daniel Lackland, Judith H Lichtman, Lynda Lisabeth, Simin Liu, Chris T Longenecker, Rachel H Mackey, Kunihiro Matsushita, Dariush Mozaffarian, Michael E Mussolino, Khurram Nasir, Robert W Neumar, Latha Palaniappan, Dilip K Pandey, Ravi R Thiagarajan, Mathew J Reeves, Matthew Ritchey, Carlos J Rodriguez, Gregory A Roth, Wayne D Rosamond, Comilla Sasson, Amytis Towfighi, Connie W Tsao, Melanie B Turner, Salim S Virani, Jenifer H Voeks, Joshua Z Willey, John T Wilkins, Jason Hy Wu, Heather M Alger, Sally S Wong, Paul Muntner, American Heart Association Statistics Committee and Stroke Statistics Subcommittee, Emelia J Benjamin, Michael J Blaha, Stephanie E Chiuve, Mary Cushman, Sandeep R Das, Rajat Deo, Sarah D de Ferranti, James Floyd, Myriam Fornage, Cathleen Gillespie, Carmen R Isasi, Monik C Jiménez, Lori Chaffin Jordan, Suzanne E Judd, Daniel Lackland, Judith H Lichtman, Lynda Lisabeth, Simin Liu, Chris T Longenecker, Rachel H Mackey, Kunihiro Matsushita, Dariush Mozaffarian, Michael E Mussolino, Khurram Nasir, Robert W Neumar, Latha Palaniappan, Dilip K Pandey, Ravi R Thiagarajan, Mathew J Reeves, Matthew Ritchey, Carlos J Rodriguez, Gregory A Roth, Wayne D Rosamond, Comilla Sasson, Amytis Towfighi, Connie W Tsao, Melanie B Turner, Salim S Virani, Jenifer H Voeks, Joshua Z Willey, John T Wilkins, Jason Hy Wu, Heather M Alger, Sally S Wong, Paul Muntner, American Heart Association Statistics Committee and Stroke Statistics Subcommittee
No abstract availableKeywords: AHA Scientific Statements; cardiovascular diseases; epidemiology; risk factors; statistics; stroke.
Figures
![Figure. Life’s Simple 7](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/instance/5408160/bin/nihms852024f1.jpg)
![Chart 2-1. Incidence of cardiovascular disease according…](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/instance/5408160/bin/nihms852024f2.jpg)
![Chart 2-2. Prevalence (unadjusted) estimates of poor,…](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/instance/5408160/bin/nihms852024f3.jpg)
![Chart 2-3. Prevalence (unadjusted) estimates of poor,…](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/instance/5408160/bin/nihms852024f4.jpg)
![Chart 2-4. Proportion (unadjusted) of US children…](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/instance/5408160/bin/nihms852024f5.jpg)
![Chart 2-5. Age-standardized prevalence estimates of US…](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/instance/5408160/bin/nihms852024f6.jpg)
![Chart 2-6. Age-standardized prevalence estimates of US…](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/instance/5408160/bin/nihms852024f7.jpg)
![Chart 2-7. Prevalence of meeting ≥5 criteria…](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/instance/5408160/bin/nihms852024f8.jpg)
![Chart 2-8. Prevalence of meeting ≥5 criteria…](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/instance/5408160/bin/nihms852024f9.jpg)
![Chart 2-9. Age-standardized prevalence estimates of US…](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/instance/5408160/bin/nihms852024f10.jpg)
![Chart 2-10. Age-standardized cardiovascular health status by…](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/instance/5408160/bin/nihms852024f11.jpg)
![Chart 2-11. Trends in prevalence (unadjusted) of…](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/instance/5408160/bin/nihms852024f12.jpg)
![Chart 2-12. Age-standardized trends in prevalence of…](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/instance/5408160/bin/nihms852024f13.jpg)
![Chart 2-13. Prevalence of ideal, intermediate, and…](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/instance/5408160/bin/nihms852024f14.jpg)
![Chart 2-14. US age-standardized death rates* from…](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/instance/5408160/bin/nihms852024f15.jpg)
![Chart 2-15. US age-standardized death rates* from…](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/instance/5408160/bin/nihms852024f16.jpg)
![Chart 2-16. US age-standardized death rates* from…](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/instance/5408160/bin/nihms852024f17.jpg)
![Chart 3-1. Prevalence (%) of cigarette use…](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/instance/5408160/bin/nihms852024f18.jpg)
![Chart 3-2. Prevalence (%) of cigarette smoking…](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/instance/5408160/bin/nihms852024f19.jpg)
![Chart 3-3. Long-term trend in current cigarette…](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/instance/5408160/bin/nihms852024f20.jpg)
![Chart 3-4. Prevalence (%) of current cigarette…](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/instance/5408160/bin/nihms852024f21.jpg)
![Chart 3-5. Prevalence (%) of current cigarette…](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/instance/5408160/bin/nihms852024f22.jpg)
![Chart 3-6. Percentage (%) of students who…](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/instance/5408160/bin/nihms852024f23.jpg)
![Chart 4-1. Prevalence of students in grades…](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/instance/5408160/bin/nihms852024f24.jpg)
![Chart 4-2. Prevalence of students in grades…](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/instance/5408160/bin/nihms852024f25.jpg)
![Chart 4-3. Percentage of students in grades…](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/instance/5408160/bin/nihms852024f26.jpg)
![Chart 4-4. Prevalence of meeting the aerobic…](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/instance/5408160/bin/nihms852024f27.jpg)
![Chart 4-5. Prevalence of meeting the aerobic…](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/instance/5408160/bin/nihms852024f28.jpg)
![Chart 4-6. Prevalence of meeting the aerobic…](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/instance/5408160/bin/nihms852024f29.jpg)
![Chart 4-7. Prevalence of meeting the aerobic…](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/instance/5408160/bin/nihms852024f30.jpg)
![Chart 4-8. Prevalence of meeting the aerobic…](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/instance/5408160/bin/nihms852024f31.jpg)
![Chart 4-9. Percent distribution of meeting the…](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/instance/5408160/bin/nihms852024f32.jpg)
![Chart 4-10. Prevalence of children 12 to…](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/instance/5408160/bin/nihms852024f33.jpg)
![Chart 4-11. Trends in meeting the physical…](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/instance/5408160/bin/nihms852024f34.jpg)
![Chart 5-1. Trends in mean healthy diet…](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/instance/5408160/bin/nihms852024f35.jpg)
![Chart 5-2. Healthy diet targets in children…](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/instance/5408160/bin/nihms852024f36.jpg)
![Chart 5-3. Healthy diet targets in adults…](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/instance/5408160/bin/nihms852024f37.jpg)
![Chart 5-4. Trends in AHA-defined healthy diet…](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/instance/5408160/bin/nihms852024f38.jpg)
![Chart 5-5. Trends in AHA healthy diet…](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/instance/5408160/bin/nihms852024f39.jpg)
![Chart 5-6. Percentage of sodium from dietary…](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/instance/5408160/bin/nihms852024f40.jpg)
![Chart 5-7. Total US food expenditures away…](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/instance/5408160/bin/nihms852024f41.jpg)
![Chart 6-1. US children and adolescents with…](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/instance/5408160/bin/nihms852024f42.jpg)
![Chart 6-2. Age-adjusted prevalence of obesity in…](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/instance/5408160/bin/nihms852024f43.jpg)
![Chart 6-3. Age-adjusted prevalence of obesity in…](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/instance/5408160/bin/nihms852024f44.jpg)
![Chart 6-4. Trends in overweight and obesity…](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/instance/5408160/bin/nihms852024f45.jpg)
![Chart 6-5. Prevalence† of self-reported obesity among…](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/instance/5408160/bin/nihms852024f46.jpg)
![Chart 6-6. Prevalence of self-reported obesity among…](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/instance/5408160/bin/nihms852024f47.jpg)
Chart 6-7. Prevalence of self-reported obesity among…
Chart 6-7. Prevalence of self-reported obesity among Hispanic adults aged ≥20 years, by state and…
Chart 6-8. Prevalence of self-reported obesity among…
Chart 6-8. Prevalence of self-reported obesity among non-Hispanic black adults aged ≥20 years, by state…
Chart 6-9. Relative risks for diseases associated…
Chart 6-9. Relative risks for diseases associated with body mass index by age group
APCSC…
Chart 6-10. US children and adolescents with…
Chart 6-10. US children and adolescents with obesity, 1963 to 2014
Obesity is body mass…
Chart 6-11. Trends in obesity prevalence among…
Chart 6-11. Trends in obesity prevalence among adults aged ≥20 years (age adjusted) and youth…
Chart 8-1. Trends in mean serum total…
Chart 8-1. Trends in mean serum total cholesterol among adolescents 12 to 19 years of…
Chart 8-2. Age-adjusted trends in mean serum…
Chart 8-2. Age-adjusted trends in mean serum total cholesterol among adults ≥20 years old by…
Chart 8-3. Age-adjusted trends in the prevalence…
Chart 8-3. Age-adjusted trends in the prevalence of serum total cholesterol ≥200 mg/dL in adults…
Chart 8-4. Age-adjusted trends in the prevalence…
Chart 8-4. Age-adjusted trends in the prevalence of serum total cholesterol ≥240 mg/dL in adults…
Chart 9-1. Prevalence of high blood pressure…
Chart 9-1. Prevalence of high blood pressure in adults ≥20 years of age by sex…
Chart 9-2. Age-adjusted prevalence trends for high…
Chart 9-2. Age-adjusted prevalence trends for high blood pressure in adults ≥20 years of age…
Chart 9-3. Extent of awareness, treatment, and…
Chart 9-3. Extent of awareness, treatment, and control of high blood pressure by age (NHANES…
Chart 9-4. Extent of awareness, treatment, and…
Chart 9-4. Extent of awareness, treatment, and control of high blood pressure by race/ethnicity (NHANES…
Chart 9-5. Extent of awareness, treatment, and…
Chart 9-5. Extent of awareness, treatment, and control of high blood pressure by race/ethnicity and…
Chart 10-1. Age-adjusted prevalence of physician-diagnosed diabetes…
Chart 10-1. Age-adjusted prevalence of physician-diagnosed diabetes mellitus in adults ≥20 years of age by…
Chart 10-2. Age-adjusted prevalence of physician-diagnosed diabetes…
Chart 10-2. Age-adjusted prevalence of physician-diagnosed diabetes mellitus in adults ≥20 years of age by…
Chart 10-3. Trends in diabetes mellitus prevalence…
Chart 10-3. Trends in diabetes mellitus prevalence in adults ≥20 years of age by sex…
Chart 10-4. Trends in the prevalence of…
Chart 10-4. Trends in the prevalence of diagnosed and undiagnosed diabetes mellitus (calibrated hemoglobin A1c…
Chart 10-5. Diabetes mellitus awareness, treatment, and…
Chart 10-5. Diabetes mellitus awareness, treatment, and control in adults ≥20 years of age (NHANES…
Chart 10-6. Trends in age-standardized rates of…
Chart 10-6. Trends in age-standardized rates of diabetes mellitus–related complications among US adults with and…
Chart 11-1. Secular trend of metabolic syndrome…
Chart 11-1. Secular trend of metabolic syndrome components in youth in the NHANES and KNHANES…
Chart 11-2. Prevalence of metabolic syndrome in…
Chart 11-2. Prevalence of metabolic syndrome in youth
The prevalence of metabolic syndrome in youth…
Chart 11-3. Age-adjusted prevalence of metabolic syndrome…
Chart 11-3. Age-adjusted prevalence of metabolic syndrome in the United States, NHANES 1999 to 2010
Chart 11-4. Age-adjusted prevalence of metabolic syndrome…
Chart 11-4. Age-adjusted prevalence of metabolic syndrome among adult males by race, NHANES 1999 to…
Chart 11-5. Age-adjusted prevalence of metabolic syndrome…
Chart 11-5. Age-adjusted prevalence of metabolic syndrome among adult females by race, NHANES 1999 to…
Chart 11-6. Prevalence and trends of the…
Chart 11-6. Prevalence and trends of the 5 components of metabolic syndrome in the adult…
Chart 11-7. Age-standardized prevalence of metabolic syndrome…
Chart 11-7. Age-standardized prevalence of metabolic syndrome by sex and Hispanic/Latino background, 2008 to 2011
Chart 11-8. Age-standardized prevalence of metabolic syndrome…
Chart 11-8. Age-standardized prevalence of metabolic syndrome by age and sex in Hispanics/Latinos, 2008 to…
Chart 11-9. Age-standardized prevalence of metabolic syndrome…
Chart 11-9. Age-standardized prevalence of metabolic syndrome (MetS) and metabolically healthy obesity (MHO) among obese…
Chart 11-10. Ten-year progression of metabolic syndrome…
Chart 11-10. Ten-year progression of metabolic syndrome in the ARIC study, stratified by age, sex,…
Chart 12-1. Trends in adjusted* end-stage renal…
Chart 12-1. Trends in adjusted* end-stage renal disease incidence rate by age group in the…
Chart 12-2. Map of the adjusted* incidence…
Chart 12-2. Map of the adjusted* incidence rate (per million/year) of end-stage renal disease by…
Chart 12-3. Estimated cumulative incidence of ESRD…
Chart 12-3. Estimated cumulative incidence of ESRD across categories of time-updated SBP among participants in…
Chart 12-4. Percentage of NHANES participants within…
Chart 12-4. Percentage of NHANES participants within the KDIGO 2012 prognosis of chronic kidney disease…
Chart 12-5. Adjusted odds ratios of chronic…
Chart 12-5. Adjusted odds ratios of chronic kidney disease (CKD) in NHANES by risk factor,…
Chart 12-6. Adjusted relative risk of (A)…
Chart 12-6. Adjusted relative risk of (A) all-cause mortality and (B) cardiovascular mortality in the…
Chart 12-7. CVD in patients with or…
Chart 12-7. CVD in patients with or without CKD, 2013 (2015 USRDS Annual Data Report,…
Chart 12-8. Prevalence of CVD in patients…
Chart 12-8. Prevalence of CVD in patients with end-stage renal disease (ESRD) by treatment modality,…
Chart 13-1. Prevalence of cardiovascular disease in…
Chart 13-1. Prevalence of cardiovascular disease in adults ≥20 years of age by age and…
Chart 13-2. Age-adjusted percentage of selected circulatory…
Chart 13-2. Age-adjusted percentage of selected circulatory diseases among American adults by education level using…
Chart 13-3. Age-adjusted percentages of selected circulatory…
Chart 13-3. Age-adjusted percentages of selected circulatory diseases among American adults by employment status using…
Chart 13-4. Age-adjusted percentages of selected circulatory…
Chart 13-4. Age-adjusted percentages of selected circulatory diseases among American adults by race and ethnicity…
Chart 13-5. Deaths attributable to diseases of…
Chart 13-5. Deaths attributable to diseases of the heart (United States: 1900–2014)
See Glossary (Chapter…
Chart 13-6. Deaths attributable to cardiovascular disease…
Chart 13-6. Deaths attributable to cardiovascular disease (United States: 1900–2014)
Cardiovascular disease ( International Classification…
Chart 13-7. Percentage breakdown of deaths attributable…
Chart 13-7. Percentage breakdown of deaths attributable to cardiovascular disease (United States: 2014)
Total may…
Chart 13-8. Cardiovascular disease (CVD) deaths versus…
Chart 13-8. Cardiovascular disease (CVD) deaths versus cancer deaths by age (United States: 2014)
CVD…
Chart 13-9. Cardiovascular disease (CVD) and other…
Chart 13-9. Cardiovascular disease (CVD) and other major causes of death: total,
Chart 13-10. Cardiovascular disease (CVD) and other…
Chart 13-10. Cardiovascular disease (CVD) and other major causes of death in males: total,
Chart 13-11. Cardiovascular disease (CVD) and other…
Chart 13-11. Cardiovascular disease (CVD) and other major causes of death in females: total,
Chart 13-12. Cardiovascular disease and other major…
Chart 13-12. Cardiovascular disease and other major causes of death for all males and females…
Chart 13-13. Cardiovascular disease and other major…
Chart 13-13. Cardiovascular disease and other major causes of death for non-Hispanic (NH) white males…
Chart 13-14. Cardiovascular disease and other major…
Chart 13-14. Cardiovascular disease and other major causes of death for non-Hispanic (NH) black males…
Chart 13-15. Cardiovascular disease and other major…
Chart 13-15. Cardiovascular disease and other major causes of death for Hispanic or Latino males…
Chart 13-16. Cardiovascular disease and other major…
Chart 13-16. Cardiovascular disease and other major causes of death for non-Hispanic (NH) Asian or…
Chart 13-17. Cardiovascular disease and other major…
Chart 13-17. Cardiovascular disease and other major causes of death for non-Hispanic (NH) American Indian…
Chart 13-18. Age-adjusted death rates for coronary…
Chart 13-18. Age-adjusted death rates for coronary heart disease (CHD), stroke, and lung and breast…
Chart 13-19. Cardiovascular disease (CVD) mortality trends…
Chart 13-19. Cardiovascular disease (CVD) mortality trends for males and females (United States: 1979–2014)
CVD…
Chart 13-20
US maps corresponding to state…
Chart 13-20
US maps corresponding to state death rates (including the District of Columbia), 2014.
Chart 13-21. Hospital discharges for cardiovascular disease…
Chart 13-21. Hospital discharges for cardiovascular disease (United States: 1970–2010)
Hospital discharges include people discharged…
Chart 13-22. Hospital discharges (International Classification of…
Chart 13-22. Hospital discharges (International Classification of Diseases, 9th Revision) for the 10 leading diagnostic…
Chart 13-23. Estimated average 10-year cardiovascular disease…
Chart 13-23. Estimated average 10-year cardiovascular disease risk in adults 50 to 54 years of…
Chart 14-1. Prevalence of stroke by age…
Chart 14-1. Prevalence of stroke by age and sex (NHANES 2011–2014)
NHANES indicates National Health…
Chart 14-2. Annual age-adjusted incidence of first-ever…
Chart 14-2. Annual age-adjusted incidence of first-ever stroke by race
Hospital plus out-of-hospital ascertainment, 1993…
Chart 14-3. Annual rate of first cerebral…
Chart 14-3. Annual rate of first cerebral infarction by age, sex, and race (GCNKSS 1999)
Chart 14-4. Annual rate of all first-ever…
Chart 14-4. Annual rate of all first-ever strokes by age, sex, and race (GCNKSS 1999)
Chart 14-5. Age-adjusted incidence of stroke/transient ischemic…
Chart 14-5. Age-adjusted incidence of stroke/transient ischemic attack by race and sex, ages 45 to…
Chart 14-6. Age-adjusted death rates for stroke…
Chart 14-6. Age-adjusted death rates for stroke by sex and race/ethnicity, 2014
Death rates for…
Chart 14-7. Stroke death rates, 2011 through…
Chart 14-7. Stroke death rates, 2011 through 2013
All ages, by county. Rates are spatially…
Chart 14-8. Estimated 10-year stroke risk in…
Chart 14-8. Estimated 10-year stroke risk in adults 55 years of age according to levels…
Chart 14-9. Probability of death within 1…
Chart 14-9. Probability of death within 1 year after first stroke
Source: Pooled data from…
Chart 14-10. Probability of death within 5…
Chart 14-10. Probability of death within 5 years after first stroke
Source: Pooled data from…
Chart 14-11. Probability of death with recurrent…
Chart 14-11. Probability of death with recurrent stroke in 5 years after first stroke
Source:…
Chart 14-12. Trends in carotid endarterectomy and…
Chart 14-12. Trends in carotid endarterectomy and carotid stenting procedures (United States: 1993–2013)
Source: Nationwide…
Chart 15-1. Incidence of ischemic and hemorrhagic…
Chart 15-1. Incidence of ischemic and hemorrhagic or other stroke type by age and sex
Chart 15-2. Age-standardized global death rates for…
Chart 15-2. Age-standardized global death rates for CVD stratified by sex, 1990 to 2013
CVD…
Chart 15-3. Number of ischemic heart disease…
Chart 15-3. Number of ischemic heart disease deaths by age, 2013
Source: Institute for Health…
Chart 15-4. Proportion of YLLs because of…
Chart 15-4. Proportion of YLLs because of CVD stratified by global region, 2013
YLL is…
Chart 15-5. Map of age-standardized ischemic heart…
Chart 15-5. Map of age-standardized ischemic heart disease mortality rate per 100 000 people in…
Chart 15-6. Age-standardized annual mortality rates (per…
Chart 15-6. Age-standardized annual mortality rates (per 100 000) of ischemic stroke in 2013
Reprinted…
Chart 15-7. Cardiovascular disease event rates in…
Chart 15-7. Cardiovascular disease event rates in selected high-, middle-, and low-income countries
Reprinted from…
Chart 15-8. Risk factor burden, by rural…
Chart 15-8. Risk factor burden, by rural and urban regions, in selected high-, middle-and low-income…
Chart 15-9. Proportion of survey respondents who…
Chart 15-9. Proportion of survey respondents who experienced catastrophic health spending (out-of-pocket health spending >40%…
Chart 15-10. Change in age-standardized CVD death…
Chart 15-10. Change in age-standardized CVD death rate and total number of CVD deaths, 1990…
Chart 15-11. Contribution of changes in population…
Chart 15-11. Contribution of changes in population growth, population aging, and rates of age-specific cardiovascular…
Chart 16-1. Trends in age-adjusted death rates…
Chart 16-1. Trends in age-adjusted death rates attributable to congenital heart defects, 1999 to 2014
Chart 16-2. Trends in age-adjusted death rates…
Chart 16-2. Trends in age-adjusted death rates attributable to congenital cardiovascular defects by race/ethnicity, 1999…
Chart 16-3. Trends in age-adjusted death rates…
Chart 16-3. Trends in age-adjusted death rates attributable to congenital cardiovascular defects by sex, 1999…
Chart 16-4. Trends in age-adjusted death rates…
Chart 16-4. Trends in age-adjusted death rates attributable to congenital cardiovascular defects by age at…
Chart 16-5. Age-adjusted death rates attributable to…
Chart 16-5. Age-adjusted death rates attributable to congenital cardiovascular defects, by sex and race/ethnicity, 2014
Chart 17-1. Long-term outcomes in individuals with…
Chart 17-1. Long-term outcomes in individuals with prolonged PR interval (>200 ms; first-degree atrioventricular…
Chart 17-2. Primary indications (in thousands) for…
Chart 17-2. Primary indications (in thousands) for pacemaker placement between 1990 and 2002 from the…
Chart 17-3. Incidence rate of paroxysmal supraventricular…
Chart 17-3. Incidence rate of paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia per 100 000 person-years by age and…
Chart 17-4. Current and future US prevalence…
Chart 17-4. Current and future US prevalence projections for AF
Projections assume no increase (red…
Chart 17-5. Atrial fibrillation incidence by race
Chart 17-5. Atrial fibrillation incidence by race
Incidence increases with advancing age among different races…
Chart 17-6. Lifetime cumulative risk for atrial…
Chart 17-6. Lifetime cumulative risk for atrial fibrillation (AF) at different ages (through age 94…
Chart 17-7. Cumulative incidence of events in…
Chart 17-7. Cumulative incidence of events in the 5 years after diagnosis of incident AF…
Chart 17-8. AF cost estimates, where AF…
Chart 17-8. AF cost estimates, where AF is diagnosed in inpatient and outpatient encounters
Indirect…
Chart 17-9. Population attributable fraction of major…
Chart 17-9. Population attributable fraction of major risk factors for atrial fibrillation in the ARIC…
Chart 17-10. Time-to-event analysis of incidence of…
Chart 17-10. Time-to-event analysis of incidence of atrial fibrillation by category of METs in the…
Chart 17-11. Global age-adjusted atrial fibrillation prevalence…
Chart 17-11. Global age-adjusted atrial fibrillation prevalence rates (per 100 000 population) in the 2010…
Chart 18-1. Detailed causes of cardiac arrest…
Chart 18-1. Detailed causes of cardiac arrest by age group in children and young adults…
Chart 18-2. Location of out-of-hospital cardiac arrest,…
Chart 18-2. Location of out-of-hospital cardiac arrest, 2015
Data derived from 2015 Cardiac Arrest Registry…
Chart 18-3. Out-of-hospital cardiac arrest witness status,…
Chart 18-3. Out-of-hospital cardiac arrest witness status, 2015
EMS indicates emergency medical services. Data derived…
Chart 18-4. Temporal trends in survival to…
Chart 18-4. Temporal trends in survival to hospital discharge after pulseless IHCA in GWTG-Resuscitation from…
Chart 19-1. Prevalence (%) of detectable coronary…
Chart 19-1. Prevalence (%) of detectable coronary calcium in the CARDIA study: US adults 33…
Chart 19-2. Prevalence (%) of detectable coronary…
Chart 19-2. Prevalence (%) of detectable coronary calcium in MESA: US adults 45 to 84…
Chart 19-3. Ten-year trends in coronary artery…
Chart 19-3. Ten-year trends in coronary artery calcification in individuals without clinical cardiovascular disease in…
Chart 19-4. HRs for CHD events associated…
Chart 19-4. HRs for CHD events associated with coronary calcium scores: US adults 45 to…
Chart 19-5. HRs for coronary heart disease…
Chart 19-5. HRs for coronary heart disease events associated with coronary calcium scores: US adults…
Chart 19-6. Mean values of carotid IMT…
Chart 19-6. Mean values of carotid IMT for different carotid artery segments in younger adults…
Chart 19-7. Association between cardiovascular risk factors…
Chart 19-7. Association between cardiovascular risk factors and mean common carotid intima-media thickness, by ethnicity
Chart 19-8. Mean values of carotid IMT…
Chart 19-8. Mean values of carotid IMT for different carotid artery segments in older adults,…
Chart 20-1. Prevalence of coronary heart disease…
Chart 20-1. Prevalence of coronary heart disease by age and sex (NHANES: 2011–2014)
NHANES indicates…
Chart 20-2. Prevalence of myo-cardial infarction by…
Chart 20-2. Prevalence of myo-cardial infarction by age and sex (NHANES: 2011–2014)
Myocardial infarction includes…
Chart 20-3. Annual number of adults per…
Chart 20-3. Annual number of adults per 1000 having diagnosed heart attack or fatal CHD…
Chart 20-4. Incidence of heart attack or…
Chart 20-4. Incidence of heart attack or fatal CHD by age, sex, and race (ARIC…
Chart 20-5. Incidence of myocardial infarction by…
Chart 20-5. Incidence of myocardial infarction by age, sex, and race (ARIC Surveillance: 2005–2013)
ARIC…
Chart 20-6. Estimated 10-year coronary heart disease…
Chart 20-6. Estimated 10-year coronary heart disease risk in adults 55 years of age according…
Chart 20-7. Prevalence of low coronary heart…
Chart 20-7. Prevalence of low coronary heart disease risk, overall and by sex (NHANES: 1971–2006)
Chart 20-8. Hospital discharges for coronary heart…
Chart 20-8. Hospital discharges for coronary heart disease by sex (United States: 1970–2010)
Hospital discharges…
Chart 20-9. Prevalence of angina pectoris by…
Chart 20-9. Prevalence of angina pectoris by age and sex (NHANES: 2011–2014)
Angina pectoris includes…
Chart 20-10. Secular trends in age- and…
Chart 20-10. Secular trends in age- and sex-standardized prevalence rates of angina for adults aged…
Chart 20-11. Incidence of angina pectoris (deemed…
Chart 20-11. Incidence of angina pectoris (deemed uncomplicated on the basis of physician interview of…
Chart 21-1. Incidence of peripartum cardiomyopathy
Reproduced…
Chart 21-1. Incidence of peripartum cardiomyopathy
Reproduced from Blauwet et al. Copyright © 2011, BMJ…
Chart 21-2. Prevalence of heart failure for…
Chart 21-2. Prevalence of heart failure for adults ≥20 years by sex and age (NHANES:…
Chart 21-3. First acute decompensated heart failure…
Chart 21-3. First acute decompensated heart failure annual event rates per 1000 from ARIC Community…
Chart 21-4. Hospital discharges for heart failure…
Chart 21-4. Hospital discharges for heart failure by sex (United States: 1980–2010)
Hospital discharges include…
Chart 21-5. Number of patients receiving left…
Chart 21-5. Number of patients receiving left ventricular assist devices in the United States, 2006…
Chart 22-1. Rheumatic heart disease prevalence trends…
Chart 22-1. Rheumatic heart disease prevalence trends per 1000 people for each WHO region
Chart 22-2. Age and sex distribution of…
Chart 22-2. Age and sex distribution of 3343 subjects with rheumatic heart disease participating in…
Chart 24-1. Estimates of prevalence of peripheral…
Chart 24-1. Estimates of prevalence of peripheral artery disease in males by age and ethnicity
Chart 24-2. Estimates of prevalence of peripheral…
Chart 24-2. Estimates of prevalence of peripheral artery disease in females by age and ethnicity
Chart 24-3. Prevalence of peripheral artery disease…
Chart 24-3. Prevalence of peripheral artery disease by age in males and females in high-income…
Chart 24-4. Hazard ratios of cardiovascular mortality…
Chart 24-4. Hazard ratios of cardiovascular mortality with 95% CI by ABI categories
ABI indicates…
Chart 24-5. Association between the diameter and…
Chart 24-5. Association between the diameter and the minimum and maximum risk of AAA rupture…
Chart 24-6. Numbers needed to screen to…
Chart 24-6. Numbers needed to screen to avoid an AAA-associated death and a ruptured AAA
Chart 25-1. Survival rates after out-of-hospital cardiac…
Chart 25-1. Survival rates after out-of-hospital cardiac arrest in US sites of the Resuscitation Outcomes…
Chart 26-1. Trends in cardiovascular procedures, United…
Chart 26-1. Trends in cardiovascular procedures, United States: 1979 to 2010; inpatient procedures only
PCI…
Chart 26-2. Number of surgical procedures in…
Chart 26-2. Number of surgical procedures in the 10 leading diagnostic groups, United States: 2010
Chart 26-3. Trends in heart transplantations, 1975…
Chart 26-3. Trends in heart transplantations, 1975 to 2015
Source: Organ Procurement and Transplantation Network…
Chart 26-4. Heart transplantations in the United…
Chart 26-4. Heart transplantations in the United States by recipient age, 2015
Source: Organ Procurement…
Chart 27-1. Direct and indirect costs of…
Chart 27-1. Direct and indirect costs of CVD and stroke (in billions of dollars), United…
Chart 27-2. The 23 leading diagnoses for…
Chart 27-2. The 23 leading diagnoses for direct health expenditures, United States, average annual 2012…
Chart 27-3. Projected total costs of CVD,…
Chart 27-3. Projected total costs of CVD, 2015 to 2030 (2012 dollars in billions) in…
Chart 27-4. Projected total (direct and indirect)…
Chart 27-4. Projected total (direct and indirect) costs of total cardiovascular disease by age (2012…
Chart 27-5. Projected direct costs of total…
Chart 27-5. Projected direct costs of total cardiovascular disease by type of cost (2010 dollars…
- Heart Failure Is Not Going Anywhere: Good News, Bad News.Hauptman PJ. Hauptman PJ. J Card Fail. 2017 Apr;23(4):271. doi: 10.1016/j.cardfail.2017.02.005. Epub 2017 Feb 20. J Card Fail. 2017. PMID: 28223194 No abstract available.
- Heart Disease and Stroke Statistics-2020 Update: A Report From the American Heart Association.Virani SS, Alonso A, Benjamin EJ, Bittencourt MS, Callaway CW, Carson AP, Chamberlain AM, Chang AR, Cheng S, Delling FN, Djousse L, Elkind MSV, Ferguson JF, Fornage M, Khan SS, Kissela BM, Knutson KL, Kwan TW, Lackland DT, Lewis TT, Lichtman JH, Longenecker CT, Loop MS, Lutsey PL, Martin SS, Matsushita K, Moran AE, Mussolino ME, Perak AM, Rosamond WD, Roth GA, Sampson UKA, Satou GM, Schroeder EB, Shah SH, Shay CM, Spartano NL, Stokes A, Tirschwell DL, VanWagner LB, Tsao CW; American Heart Association Council on Epidemiology and Prevention Statistics Committee and Stroke Statistics Subcommittee. Virani SS, et al. Circulation. 2020 Mar 3;141(9):e139-e596. doi: 10.1161/CIR.0000000000000757. Epub 2020 Jan 29. Circulation. 2020. PMID: 31992061
- Heart disease and stroke statistics--2014 update: a report from the American Heart Association.Go AS, Mozaffarian D, Roger VL, Benjamin EJ, Berry JD, Blaha MJ, Dai S, Ford ES, Fox CS, Franco S, Fullerton HJ, Gillespie C, Hailpern SM, Heit JA, Howard VJ, Huffman MD, Judd SE, Kissela BM, Kittner SJ, Lackland DT, Lichtman JH, Lisabeth LD, Mackey RH, Magid DJ, Marcus GM, Marelli A, Matchar DB, McGuire DK, Mohler ER 3rd, Moy CS, Mussolino ME, Neumar RW, Nichol G, Pandey DK, Paynter NP, Reeves MJ, Sorlie PD, Stein J, Towfighi A, Turan TN, Virani SS, Wong ND, Woo D, Turner MB; American Heart Association Statistics Committee and Stroke Statistics Subcommittee. Go AS, et al. Circulation. 2014 Jan 21;129(3):e28-e292. doi: 10.1161/01.cir.0000441139.02102.80. Epub 2013 Dec 18. Circulation. 2014. PMID: 24352519 Free PMC article. No abstract available.
- Heart disease and stroke statistics--2015 update: a report from the American Heart Association.Mozaffarian D, Benjamin EJ, Go AS, Arnett DK, Blaha MJ, Cushman M, de Ferranti S, Després JP, Fullerton HJ, Howard VJ, Huffman MD, Judd SE, Kissela BM, Lackland DT, Lichtman JH, Lisabeth LD, Liu S, Mackey RH, Matchar DB, McGuire DK, Mohler ER 3rd, Moy CS, Muntner P, Mussolino ME, Nasir K, Neumar RW, Nichol G, Palaniappan L, Pandey DK, Reeves MJ, Rodriguez CJ, Sorlie PD, Stein J, Towfighi A, Turan TN, Virani SS, Willey JZ, Woo D, Yeh RW, Turner MB; American Heart Association Statistics Committee and Stroke Statistics Subcommittee. Mozaffarian D, et al. Circulation. 2015 Jan 27;131(4):e29-322. doi: 10.1161/CIR.0000000000000152. Epub 2014 Dec 17. Circulation. 2015. PMID: 25520374 No abstract available.
- Executive summary: heart disease and stroke statistics--2014 update: a report from the American Heart Association.Go AS, Mozaffarian D, Roger VL, Benjamin EJ, Berry JD, Blaha MJ, Dai S, Ford ES, Fox CS, Franco S, Fullerton HJ, Gillespie C, Hailpern SM, Heit JA, Howard VJ, Huffman MD, Judd SE, Kissela BM, Kittner SJ, Lackland DT, Lichtman JH, Lisabeth LD, Mackey RH, Magid DJ, Marcus GM, Marelli A, Matchar DB, McGuire DK, Mohler ER 3rd, Moy CS, Mussolino ME, Neumar RW, Nichol G, Pandey DK, Paynter NP, Reeves MJ, Sorlie PD, Stein J, Towfighi A, Turan TN, Virani SS, Wong ND, Woo D, Turner MB; American Heart Association Statistics Committee and Stroke Statistics Subcommittee. Go AS, et al. Circulation. 2014 Jan 21;129(3):399-410. doi: 10.1161/01.cir.0000442015.53336.12. Circulation. 2014. PMID: 24446411 No abstract available.
- Heart Disease and Stroke Statistics-2018 Update: A Report From the American Heart Association.Benjamin EJ, Virani SS, Callaway CW, Chamberlain AM, Chang AR, Cheng S, Chiuve SE, Cushman M, Delling FN, Deo R, de Ferranti SD, Ferguson JF, Fornage M, Gillespie C, Isasi CR, Jiménez MC, Jordan LC, Judd SE, Lackland D, Lichtman JH, Lisabeth L, Liu S, Longenecker CT, Lutsey PL, Mackey JS, Matchar DB, Matsushita K, Mussolino ME, Nasir K, O'Flaherty M, Palaniappan LP, Pandey A, Pandey DK, Reeves MJ, Ritchey MD, Rodriguez CJ, Roth GA, Rosamond WD, Sampson UKA, Satou GM, Shah SH, Spartano NL, Tirschwell DL, Tsao CW, Voeks JH, Willey JZ, Wilkins JT, Wu JH, Alger HM, Wong SS, Muntner P; American Heart Association Council on Epidemiology and Prevention Statistics Committee and Stroke Statistics Subcommittee. Benjamin EJ, et al. Circulation. 2018 Mar 20;137(12):e67-e492. doi: 10.1161/CIR.0000000000000558. Epub 2018 Jan 31. Circulation. 2018. PMID: 29386200 Review. No abstract available.
- Predictive importance of the visceral adiposity index and atherogenic index of plasma of all-cause and cardiovascular disease mortality in middle-aged and elderly Lithuanian population.Tamosiunas A, Luksiene D, Kranciukaite-Butylkiniene D, Radisauskas R, Sopagiene D, Bobak M. Tamosiunas A, et al. Front Public Health. 2023 Mar 13;11:1150563. doi: 10.3389/fpubh.2023.1150563. eCollection 2023. Front Public Health. 2023. PMID: 36992890 Free PMC article.
- New Bisabolane-Type Sesquiterpenoids from Curcuma longa and Their Anti-Atherosclerotic Activity.Guo YQ, Wu GX, Peng C, Fan YQ, Li L, Liu F, Xiong L. Guo YQ, et al. Molecules. 2023 Mar 16;28(6):2704. doi: 10.3390/molecules28062704. Molecules. 2023. PMID: 36985676 Free PMC article.
- Elevated Blood Alcohol Concentration Is Associated with Improved Clinical Outcomes of Intravenous Thrombolysis Treatment in Acute Ischemic Stroke Patients-A Retrospective Study.Árokszállási T, Balogh E, Orbán-Kálmándi R, Pásztor M, Árokszállási A, Nagy EB, Belán I, May Z, Csépány T, Csiba L, Bagoly Z, Oláh L. Árokszállási T, et al. J Clin Med. 2023 Mar 14;12(6):2238. doi: 10.3390/jcm12062238. J Clin Med. 2023. PMID: 36983239 Free PMC article.
- The Effect of Cholesterol Efflux on Endothelial Dysfunction Caused by Oxidative Stress.Ye H, Liu Q, Wang Y, Zhen X, Yan N. Ye H, et al. Int J Mol Sci. 2023 Mar 21;24(6):5939. doi: 10.3390/ijms24065939. Int J Mol Sci. 2023. PMID: 36983012 Free PMC article.
- Nanoparticles in the New Era of Cardiovascular Therapeutics: Challenges and Opportunities.Yang P, Ren J, Yang L. Yang P, et al. Int J Mol Sci. 2023 Mar 8;24(6):5205. doi: 10.3390/ijms24065205. Int J Mol Sci. 2023. PMID: 36982284 Free PMC article. Review.
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![Chart 6-7. Prevalence of self-reported obesity among…](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/instance/5408160/bin/nihms852024f48.jpg)
Chart 6-8. Prevalence of self-reported obesity among…
Chart 6-8. Prevalence of self-reported obesity among non-Hispanic black adults aged ≥20 years, by state…
Chart 6-9. Relative risks for diseases associated…
Chart 6-9. Relative risks for diseases associated with body mass index by age group
APCSC…
Chart 6-10. US children and adolescents with…
Chart 6-10. US children and adolescents with obesity, 1963 to 2014
Obesity is body mass…
Chart 6-11. Trends in obesity prevalence among…
Chart 6-11. Trends in obesity prevalence among adults aged ≥20 years (age adjusted) and youth…
Chart 8-1. Trends in mean serum total…
Chart 8-1. Trends in mean serum total cholesterol among adolescents 12 to 19 years of…
Chart 8-2. Age-adjusted trends in mean serum…
Chart 8-2. Age-adjusted trends in mean serum total cholesterol among adults ≥20 years old by…
Chart 8-3. Age-adjusted trends in the prevalence…
Chart 8-3. Age-adjusted trends in the prevalence of serum total cholesterol ≥200 mg/dL in adults…
Chart 8-4. Age-adjusted trends in the prevalence…
Chart 8-4. Age-adjusted trends in the prevalence of serum total cholesterol ≥240 mg/dL in adults…
Chart 9-1. Prevalence of high blood pressure…
Chart 9-1. Prevalence of high blood pressure in adults ≥20 years of age by sex…
Chart 9-2. Age-adjusted prevalence trends for high…
Chart 9-2. Age-adjusted prevalence trends for high blood pressure in adults ≥20 years of age…
Chart 9-3. Extent of awareness, treatment, and…
Chart 9-3. Extent of awareness, treatment, and control of high blood pressure by age (NHANES…
Chart 9-4. Extent of awareness, treatment, and…
Chart 9-4. Extent of awareness, treatment, and control of high blood pressure by race/ethnicity (NHANES…
Chart 9-5. Extent of awareness, treatment, and…
Chart 9-5. Extent of awareness, treatment, and control of high blood pressure by race/ethnicity and…
Chart 10-1. Age-adjusted prevalence of physician-diagnosed diabetes…
Chart 10-1. Age-adjusted prevalence of physician-diagnosed diabetes mellitus in adults ≥20 years of age by…
Chart 10-2. Age-adjusted prevalence of physician-diagnosed diabetes…
Chart 10-2. Age-adjusted prevalence of physician-diagnosed diabetes mellitus in adults ≥20 years of age by…
Chart 10-3. Trends in diabetes mellitus prevalence…
Chart 10-3. Trends in diabetes mellitus prevalence in adults ≥20 years of age by sex…
Chart 10-4. Trends in the prevalence of…
Chart 10-4. Trends in the prevalence of diagnosed and undiagnosed diabetes mellitus (calibrated hemoglobin A1c…
Chart 10-5. Diabetes mellitus awareness, treatment, and…
Chart 10-5. Diabetes mellitus awareness, treatment, and control in adults ≥20 years of age (NHANES…
Chart 10-6. Trends in age-standardized rates of…
Chart 10-6. Trends in age-standardized rates of diabetes mellitus–related complications among US adults with and…
Chart 11-1. Secular trend of metabolic syndrome…
Chart 11-1. Secular trend of metabolic syndrome components in youth in the NHANES and KNHANES…
Chart 11-2. Prevalence of metabolic syndrome in…
Chart 11-2. Prevalence of metabolic syndrome in youth
The prevalence of metabolic syndrome in youth…
Chart 11-3. Age-adjusted prevalence of metabolic syndrome…
Chart 11-3. Age-adjusted prevalence of metabolic syndrome in the United States, NHANES 1999 to 2010
Chart 11-4. Age-adjusted prevalence of metabolic syndrome…
Chart 11-4. Age-adjusted prevalence of metabolic syndrome among adult males by race, NHANES 1999 to…
Chart 11-5. Age-adjusted prevalence of metabolic syndrome…
Chart 11-5. Age-adjusted prevalence of metabolic syndrome among adult females by race, NHANES 1999 to…
Chart 11-6. Prevalence and trends of the…
Chart 11-6. Prevalence and trends of the 5 components of metabolic syndrome in the adult…
Chart 11-7. Age-standardized prevalence of metabolic syndrome…
Chart 11-7. Age-standardized prevalence of metabolic syndrome by sex and Hispanic/Latino background, 2008 to 2011
Chart 11-8. Age-standardized prevalence of metabolic syndrome…
Chart 11-8. Age-standardized prevalence of metabolic syndrome by age and sex in Hispanics/Latinos, 2008 to…
Chart 11-9. Age-standardized prevalence of metabolic syndrome…
Chart 11-9. Age-standardized prevalence of metabolic syndrome (MetS) and metabolically healthy obesity (MHO) among obese…
Chart 11-10. Ten-year progression of metabolic syndrome…
Chart 11-10. Ten-year progression of metabolic syndrome in the ARIC study, stratified by age, sex,…
Chart 12-1. Trends in adjusted* end-stage renal…
Chart 12-1. Trends in adjusted* end-stage renal disease incidence rate by age group in the…
Chart 12-2. Map of the adjusted* incidence…
Chart 12-2. Map of the adjusted* incidence rate (per million/year) of end-stage renal disease by…
Chart 12-3. Estimated cumulative incidence of ESRD…
Chart 12-3. Estimated cumulative incidence of ESRD across categories of time-updated SBP among participants in…
Chart 12-4. Percentage of NHANES participants within…
Chart 12-4. Percentage of NHANES participants within the KDIGO 2012 prognosis of chronic kidney disease…
Chart 12-5. Adjusted odds ratios of chronic…
Chart 12-5. Adjusted odds ratios of chronic kidney disease (CKD) in NHANES by risk factor,…
Chart 12-6. Adjusted relative risk of (A)…
Chart 12-6. Adjusted relative risk of (A) all-cause mortality and (B) cardiovascular mortality in the…
Chart 12-7. CVD in patients with or…
Chart 12-7. CVD in patients with or without CKD, 2013 (2015 USRDS Annual Data Report,…
Chart 12-8. Prevalence of CVD in patients…
Chart 12-8. Prevalence of CVD in patients with end-stage renal disease (ESRD) by treatment modality,…
Chart 13-1. Prevalence of cardiovascular disease in…
Chart 13-1. Prevalence of cardiovascular disease in adults ≥20 years of age by age and…
Chart 13-2. Age-adjusted percentage of selected circulatory…
Chart 13-2. Age-adjusted percentage of selected circulatory diseases among American adults by education level using…
Chart 13-3. Age-adjusted percentages of selected circulatory…
Chart 13-3. Age-adjusted percentages of selected circulatory diseases among American adults by employment status using…
Chart 13-4. Age-adjusted percentages of selected circulatory…
Chart 13-4. Age-adjusted percentages of selected circulatory diseases among American adults by race and ethnicity…
Chart 13-5. Deaths attributable to diseases of…
Chart 13-5. Deaths attributable to diseases of the heart (United States: 1900–2014)
See Glossary (Chapter…
Chart 13-6. Deaths attributable to cardiovascular disease…
Chart 13-6. Deaths attributable to cardiovascular disease (United States: 1900–2014)
Cardiovascular disease ( International Classification…
Chart 13-7. Percentage breakdown of deaths attributable…
Chart 13-7. Percentage breakdown of deaths attributable to cardiovascular disease (United States: 2014)
Total may…
Chart 13-8. Cardiovascular disease (CVD) deaths versus…
Chart 13-8. Cardiovascular disease (CVD) deaths versus cancer deaths by age (United States: 2014)
CVD…
Chart 13-9. Cardiovascular disease (CVD) and other…
Chart 13-9. Cardiovascular disease (CVD) and other major causes of death: total,
Chart 13-10. Cardiovascular disease (CVD) and other…
Chart 13-10. Cardiovascular disease (CVD) and other major causes of death in males: total,
Chart 13-11. Cardiovascular disease (CVD) and other…
Chart 13-11. Cardiovascular disease (CVD) and other major causes of death in females: total,
Chart 13-12. Cardiovascular disease and other major…
Chart 13-12. Cardiovascular disease and other major causes of death for all males and females…
Chart 13-13. Cardiovascular disease and other major…
Chart 13-13. Cardiovascular disease and other major causes of death for non-Hispanic (NH) white males…
Chart 13-14. Cardiovascular disease and other major…
Chart 13-14. Cardiovascular disease and other major causes of death for non-Hispanic (NH) black males…
Chart 13-15. Cardiovascular disease and other major…
Chart 13-15. Cardiovascular disease and other major causes of death for Hispanic or Latino males…
Chart 13-16. Cardiovascular disease and other major…
Chart 13-16. Cardiovascular disease and other major causes of death for non-Hispanic (NH) Asian or…
Chart 13-17. Cardiovascular disease and other major…
Chart 13-17. Cardiovascular disease and other major causes of death for non-Hispanic (NH) American Indian…
Chart 13-18. Age-adjusted death rates for coronary…
Chart 13-18. Age-adjusted death rates for coronary heart disease (CHD), stroke, and lung and breast…
Chart 13-19. Cardiovascular disease (CVD) mortality trends…
Chart 13-19. Cardiovascular disease (CVD) mortality trends for males and females (United States: 1979–2014)
CVD…
Chart 13-20
US maps corresponding to state…
Chart 13-20
US maps corresponding to state death rates (including the District of Columbia), 2014.
Chart 13-21. Hospital discharges for cardiovascular disease…
Chart 13-21. Hospital discharges for cardiovascular disease (United States: 1970–2010)
Hospital discharges include people discharged…
Chart 13-22. Hospital discharges (International Classification of…
Chart 13-22. Hospital discharges (International Classification of Diseases, 9th Revision) for the 10 leading diagnostic…
Chart 13-23. Estimated average 10-year cardiovascular disease…
Chart 13-23. Estimated average 10-year cardiovascular disease risk in adults 50 to 54 years of…
Chart 14-1. Prevalence of stroke by age…
Chart 14-1. Prevalence of stroke by age and sex (NHANES 2011–2014)
NHANES indicates National Health…
Chart 14-2. Annual age-adjusted incidence of first-ever…
Chart 14-2. Annual age-adjusted incidence of first-ever stroke by race
Hospital plus out-of-hospital ascertainment, 1993…
Chart 14-3. Annual rate of first cerebral…
Chart 14-3. Annual rate of first cerebral infarction by age, sex, and race (GCNKSS 1999)
Chart 14-4. Annual rate of all first-ever…
Chart 14-4. Annual rate of all first-ever strokes by age, sex, and race (GCNKSS 1999)
Chart 14-5. Age-adjusted incidence of stroke/transient ischemic…
Chart 14-5. Age-adjusted incidence of stroke/transient ischemic attack by race and sex, ages 45 to…
Chart 14-6. Age-adjusted death rates for stroke…
Chart 14-6. Age-adjusted death rates for stroke by sex and race/ethnicity, 2014
Death rates for…
Chart 14-7. Stroke death rates, 2011 through…
Chart 14-7. Stroke death rates, 2011 through 2013
All ages, by county. Rates are spatially…
Chart 14-8. Estimated 10-year stroke risk in…
Chart 14-8. Estimated 10-year stroke risk in adults 55 years of age according to levels…
Chart 14-9. Probability of death within 1…
Chart 14-9. Probability of death within 1 year after first stroke
Source: Pooled data from…
Chart 14-10. Probability of death within 5…
Chart 14-10. Probability of death within 5 years after first stroke
Source: Pooled data from…
Chart 14-11. Probability of death with recurrent…
Chart 14-11. Probability of death with recurrent stroke in 5 years after first stroke
Source:…
Chart 14-12. Trends in carotid endarterectomy and…
Chart 14-12. Trends in carotid endarterectomy and carotid stenting procedures (United States: 1993–2013)
Source: Nationwide…
Chart 15-1. Incidence of ischemic and hemorrhagic…
Chart 15-1. Incidence of ischemic and hemorrhagic or other stroke type by age and sex
Chart 15-2. Age-standardized global death rates for…
Chart 15-2. Age-standardized global death rates for CVD stratified by sex, 1990 to 2013
CVD…
Chart 15-3. Number of ischemic heart disease…
Chart 15-3. Number of ischemic heart disease deaths by age, 2013
Source: Institute for Health…
Chart 15-4. Proportion of YLLs because of…
Chart 15-4. Proportion of YLLs because of CVD stratified by global region, 2013
YLL is…
Chart 15-5. Map of age-standardized ischemic heart…
Chart 15-5. Map of age-standardized ischemic heart disease mortality rate per 100 000 people in…
Chart 15-6. Age-standardized annual mortality rates (per…
Chart 15-6. Age-standardized annual mortality rates (per 100 000) of ischemic stroke in 2013
Reprinted…
Chart 15-7. Cardiovascular disease event rates in…
Chart 15-7. Cardiovascular disease event rates in selected high-, middle-, and low-income countries
Reprinted from…
Chart 15-8. Risk factor burden, by rural…
Chart 15-8. Risk factor burden, by rural and urban regions, in selected high-, middle-and low-income…
Chart 15-9. Proportion of survey respondents who…
Chart 15-9. Proportion of survey respondents who experienced catastrophic health spending (out-of-pocket health spending >40%…
Chart 15-10. Change in age-standardized CVD death…
Chart 15-10. Change in age-standardized CVD death rate and total number of CVD deaths, 1990…
Chart 15-11. Contribution of changes in population…
Chart 15-11. Contribution of changes in population growth, population aging, and rates of age-specific cardiovascular…
Chart 16-1. Trends in age-adjusted death rates…
Chart 16-1. Trends in age-adjusted death rates attributable to congenital heart defects, 1999 to 2014
Chart 16-2. Trends in age-adjusted death rates…
Chart 16-2. Trends in age-adjusted death rates attributable to congenital cardiovascular defects by race/ethnicity, 1999…
Chart 16-3. Trends in age-adjusted death rates…
Chart 16-3. Trends in age-adjusted death rates attributable to congenital cardiovascular defects by sex, 1999…
Chart 16-4. Trends in age-adjusted death rates…
Chart 16-4. Trends in age-adjusted death rates attributable to congenital cardiovascular defects by age at…
Chart 16-5. Age-adjusted death rates attributable to…
Chart 16-5. Age-adjusted death rates attributable to congenital cardiovascular defects, by sex and race/ethnicity, 2014
Chart 17-1. Long-term outcomes in individuals with…
Chart 17-1. Long-term outcomes in individuals with prolonged PR interval (>200 ms; first-degree atrioventricular…
Chart 17-2. Primary indications (in thousands) for…
Chart 17-2. Primary indications (in thousands) for pacemaker placement between 1990 and 2002 from the…
Chart 17-3. Incidence rate of paroxysmal supraventricular…
Chart 17-3. Incidence rate of paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia per 100 000 person-years by age and…
Chart 17-4. Current and future US prevalence…
Chart 17-4. Current and future US prevalence projections for AF
Projections assume no increase (red…
Chart 17-5. Atrial fibrillation incidence by race
Chart 17-5. Atrial fibrillation incidence by race
Incidence increases with advancing age among different races…
Chart 17-6. Lifetime cumulative risk for atrial…
Chart 17-6. Lifetime cumulative risk for atrial fibrillation (AF) at different ages (through age 94…
Chart 17-7. Cumulative incidence of events in…
Chart 17-7. Cumulative incidence of events in the 5 years after diagnosis of incident AF…
Chart 17-8. AF cost estimates, where AF…
Chart 17-8. AF cost estimates, where AF is diagnosed in inpatient and outpatient encounters
Indirect…
Chart 17-9. Population attributable fraction of major…
Chart 17-9. Population attributable fraction of major risk factors for atrial fibrillation in the ARIC…
Chart 17-10. Time-to-event analysis of incidence of…
Chart 17-10. Time-to-event analysis of incidence of atrial fibrillation by category of METs in the…
Chart 17-11. Global age-adjusted atrial fibrillation prevalence…
Chart 17-11. Global age-adjusted atrial fibrillation prevalence rates (per 100 000 population) in the 2010…
Chart 18-1. Detailed causes of cardiac arrest…
Chart 18-1. Detailed causes of cardiac arrest by age group in children and young adults…
Chart 18-2. Location of out-of-hospital cardiac arrest,…
Chart 18-2. Location of out-of-hospital cardiac arrest, 2015
Data derived from 2015 Cardiac Arrest Registry…
Chart 18-3. Out-of-hospital cardiac arrest witness status,…
Chart 18-3. Out-of-hospital cardiac arrest witness status, 2015
EMS indicates emergency medical services. Data derived…
Chart 18-4. Temporal trends in survival to…
Chart 18-4. Temporal trends in survival to hospital discharge after pulseless IHCA in GWTG-Resuscitation from…
Chart 19-1. Prevalence (%) of detectable coronary…
Chart 19-1. Prevalence (%) of detectable coronary calcium in the CARDIA study: US adults 33…
Chart 19-2. Prevalence (%) of detectable coronary…
Chart 19-2. Prevalence (%) of detectable coronary calcium in MESA: US adults 45 to 84…
Chart 19-3. Ten-year trends in coronary artery…
Chart 19-3. Ten-year trends in coronary artery calcification in individuals without clinical cardiovascular disease in…
Chart 19-4. HRs for CHD events associated…
Chart 19-4. HRs for CHD events associated with coronary calcium scores: US adults 45 to…
Chart 19-5. HRs for coronary heart disease…
Chart 19-5. HRs for coronary heart disease events associated with coronary calcium scores: US adults…
Chart 19-6. Mean values of carotid IMT…
Chart 19-6. Mean values of carotid IMT for different carotid artery segments in younger adults…
Chart 19-7. Association between cardiovascular risk factors…
Chart 19-7. Association between cardiovascular risk factors and mean common carotid intima-media thickness, by ethnicity
Chart 19-8. Mean values of carotid IMT…
Chart 19-8. Mean values of carotid IMT for different carotid artery segments in older adults,…
Chart 20-1. Prevalence of coronary heart disease…
Chart 20-1. Prevalence of coronary heart disease by age and sex (NHANES: 2011–2014)
NHANES indicates…
Chart 20-2. Prevalence of myo-cardial infarction by…
Chart 20-2. Prevalence of myo-cardial infarction by age and sex (NHANES: 2011–2014)
Myocardial infarction includes…
Chart 20-3. Annual number of adults per…
Chart 20-3. Annual number of adults per 1000 having diagnosed heart attack or fatal CHD…
Chart 20-4. Incidence of heart attack or…
Chart 20-4. Incidence of heart attack or fatal CHD by age, sex, and race (ARIC…
Chart 20-5. Incidence of myocardial infarction by…
Chart 20-5. Incidence of myocardial infarction by age, sex, and race (ARIC Surveillance: 2005–2013)
ARIC…
Chart 20-6. Estimated 10-year coronary heart disease…
Chart 20-6. Estimated 10-year coronary heart disease risk in adults 55 years of age according…
Chart 20-7. Prevalence of low coronary heart…
Chart 20-7. Prevalence of low coronary heart disease risk, overall and by sex (NHANES: 1971–2006)
Chart 20-8. Hospital discharges for coronary heart…
Chart 20-8. Hospital discharges for coronary heart disease by sex (United States: 1970–2010)
Hospital discharges…
Chart 20-9. Prevalence of angina pectoris by…
Chart 20-9. Prevalence of angina pectoris by age and sex (NHANES: 2011–2014)
Angina pectoris includes…
Chart 20-10. Secular trends in age- and…
Chart 20-10. Secular trends in age- and sex-standardized prevalence rates of angina for adults aged…
Chart 20-11. Incidence of angina pectoris (deemed…
Chart 20-11. Incidence of angina pectoris (deemed uncomplicated on the basis of physician interview of…
Chart 21-1. Incidence of peripartum cardiomyopathy
Reproduced…
Chart 21-1. Incidence of peripartum cardiomyopathy
Reproduced from Blauwet et al. Copyright © 2011, BMJ…
Chart 21-2. Prevalence of heart failure for…
Chart 21-2. Prevalence of heart failure for adults ≥20 years by sex and age (NHANES:…
Chart 21-3. First acute decompensated heart failure…
Chart 21-3. First acute decompensated heart failure annual event rates per 1000 from ARIC Community…
Chart 21-4. Hospital discharges for heart failure…
Chart 21-4. Hospital discharges for heart failure by sex (United States: 1980–2010)
Hospital discharges include…
Chart 21-5. Number of patients receiving left…
Chart 21-5. Number of patients receiving left ventricular assist devices in the United States, 2006…
Chart 22-1. Rheumatic heart disease prevalence trends…
Chart 22-1. Rheumatic heart disease prevalence trends per 1000 people for each WHO region
Chart 22-2. Age and sex distribution of…
Chart 22-2. Age and sex distribution of 3343 subjects with rheumatic heart disease participating in…
Chart 24-1. Estimates of prevalence of peripheral…
Chart 24-1. Estimates of prevalence of peripheral artery disease in males by age and ethnicity
Chart 24-2. Estimates of prevalence of peripheral…
Chart 24-2. Estimates of prevalence of peripheral artery disease in females by age and ethnicity
Chart 24-3. Prevalence of peripheral artery disease…
Chart 24-3. Prevalence of peripheral artery disease by age in males and females in high-income…
Chart 24-4. Hazard ratios of cardiovascular mortality…
Chart 24-4. Hazard ratios of cardiovascular mortality with 95% CI by ABI categories
ABI indicates…
Chart 24-5. Association between the diameter and…
Chart 24-5. Association between the diameter and the minimum and maximum risk of AAA rupture…
Chart 24-6. Numbers needed to screen to…
Chart 24-6. Numbers needed to screen to avoid an AAA-associated death and a ruptured AAA
Chart 25-1. Survival rates after out-of-hospital cardiac…
Chart 25-1. Survival rates after out-of-hospital cardiac arrest in US sites of the Resuscitation Outcomes…
Chart 26-1. Trends in cardiovascular procedures, United…
Chart 26-1. Trends in cardiovascular procedures, United States: 1979 to 2010; inpatient procedures only
PCI…
Chart 26-2. Number of surgical procedures in…
Chart 26-2. Number of surgical procedures in the 10 leading diagnostic groups, United States: 2010
Chart 26-3. Trends in heart transplantations, 1975…
Chart 26-3. Trends in heart transplantations, 1975 to 2015
Source: Organ Procurement and Transplantation Network…
Chart 26-4. Heart transplantations in the United…
Chart 26-4. Heart transplantations in the United States by recipient age, 2015
Source: Organ Procurement…
Chart 27-1. Direct and indirect costs of…
Chart 27-1. Direct and indirect costs of CVD and stroke (in billions of dollars), United…
Chart 27-2. The 23 leading diagnoses for…
Chart 27-2. The 23 leading diagnoses for direct health expenditures, United States, average annual 2012…
Chart 27-3. Projected total costs of CVD,…
Chart 27-3. Projected total costs of CVD, 2015 to 2030 (2012 dollars in billions) in…
Chart 27-4. Projected total (direct and indirect)…
Chart 27-4. Projected total (direct and indirect) costs of total cardiovascular disease by age (2012…
Chart 27-5. Projected direct costs of total…
Chart 27-5. Projected direct costs of total cardiovascular disease by type of cost (2010 dollars…
- Heart Failure Is Not Going Anywhere: Good News, Bad News.Hauptman PJ. Hauptman PJ. J Card Fail. 2017 Apr;23(4):271. doi: 10.1016/j.cardfail.2017.02.005. Epub 2017 Feb 20. J Card Fail. 2017. PMID: 28223194 No abstract available.
- Heart Disease and Stroke Statistics-2020 Update: A Report From the American Heart Association.Virani SS, Alonso A, Benjamin EJ, Bittencourt MS, Callaway CW, Carson AP, Chamberlain AM, Chang AR, Cheng S, Delling FN, Djousse L, Elkind MSV, Ferguson JF, Fornage M, Khan SS, Kissela BM, Knutson KL, Kwan TW, Lackland DT, Lewis TT, Lichtman JH, Longenecker CT, Loop MS, Lutsey PL, Martin SS, Matsushita K, Moran AE, Mussolino ME, Perak AM, Rosamond WD, Roth GA, Sampson UKA, Satou GM, Schroeder EB, Shah SH, Shay CM, Spartano NL, Stokes A, Tirschwell DL, VanWagner LB, Tsao CW; American Heart Association Council on Epidemiology and Prevention Statistics Committee and Stroke Statistics Subcommittee. Virani SS, et al. Circulation. 2020 Mar 3;141(9):e139-e596. doi: 10.1161/CIR.0000000000000757. Epub 2020 Jan 29. Circulation. 2020. PMID: 31992061
- Heart disease and stroke statistics--2014 update: a report from the American Heart Association.Go AS, Mozaffarian D, Roger VL, Benjamin EJ, Berry JD, Blaha MJ, Dai S, Ford ES, Fox CS, Franco S, Fullerton HJ, Gillespie C, Hailpern SM, Heit JA, Howard VJ, Huffman MD, Judd SE, Kissela BM, Kittner SJ, Lackland DT, Lichtman JH, Lisabeth LD, Mackey RH, Magid DJ, Marcus GM, Marelli A, Matchar DB, McGuire DK, Mohler ER 3rd, Moy CS, Mussolino ME, Neumar RW, Nichol G, Pandey DK, Paynter NP, Reeves MJ, Sorlie PD, Stein J, Towfighi A, Turan TN, Virani SS, Wong ND, Woo D, Turner MB; American Heart Association Statistics Committee and Stroke Statistics Subcommittee. Go AS, et al. Circulation. 2014 Jan 21;129(3):e28-e292. doi: 10.1161/01.cir.0000441139.02102.80. Epub 2013 Dec 18. Circulation. 2014. PMID: 24352519 Free PMC article. No abstract available.
- Heart disease and stroke statistics--2015 update: a report from the American Heart Association.Mozaffarian D, Benjamin EJ, Go AS, Arnett DK, Blaha MJ, Cushman M, de Ferranti S, Després JP, Fullerton HJ, Howard VJ, Huffman MD, Judd SE, Kissela BM, Lackland DT, Lichtman JH, Lisabeth LD, Liu S, Mackey RH, Matchar DB, McGuire DK, Mohler ER 3rd, Moy CS, Muntner P, Mussolino ME, Nasir K, Neumar RW, Nichol G, Palaniappan L, Pandey DK, Reeves MJ, Rodriguez CJ, Sorlie PD, Stein J, Towfighi A, Turan TN, Virani SS, Willey JZ, Woo D, Yeh RW, Turner MB; American Heart Association Statistics Committee and Stroke Statistics Subcommittee. Mozaffarian D, et al. Circulation. 2015 Jan 27;131(4):e29-322. doi: 10.1161/CIR.0000000000000152. Epub 2014 Dec 17. Circulation. 2015. PMID: 25520374 No abstract available.
- Executive summary: heart disease and stroke statistics--2014 update: a report from the American Heart Association.Go AS, Mozaffarian D, Roger VL, Benjamin EJ, Berry JD, Blaha MJ, Dai S, Ford ES, Fox CS, Franco S, Fullerton HJ, Gillespie C, Hailpern SM, Heit JA, Howard VJ, Huffman MD, Judd SE, Kissela BM, Kittner SJ, Lackland DT, Lichtman JH, Lisabeth LD, Mackey RH, Magid DJ, Marcus GM, Marelli A, Matchar DB, McGuire DK, Mohler ER 3rd, Moy CS, Mussolino ME, Neumar RW, Nichol G, Pandey DK, Paynter NP, Reeves MJ, Sorlie PD, Stein J, Towfighi A, Turan TN, Virani SS, Wong ND, Woo D, Turner MB; American Heart Association Statistics Committee and Stroke Statistics Subcommittee. Go AS, et al. Circulation. 2014 Jan 21;129(3):399-410. doi: 10.1161/01.cir.0000442015.53336.12. Circulation. 2014. PMID: 24446411 No abstract available.
- Heart Disease and Stroke Statistics-2018 Update: A Report From the American Heart Association.Benjamin EJ, Virani SS, Callaway CW, Chamberlain AM, Chang AR, Cheng S, Chiuve SE, Cushman M, Delling FN, Deo R, de Ferranti SD, Ferguson JF, Fornage M, Gillespie C, Isasi CR, Jiménez MC, Jordan LC, Judd SE, Lackland D, Lichtman JH, Lisabeth L, Liu S, Longenecker CT, Lutsey PL, Mackey JS, Matchar DB, Matsushita K, Mussolino ME, Nasir K, O'Flaherty M, Palaniappan LP, Pandey A, Pandey DK, Reeves MJ, Ritchey MD, Rodriguez CJ, Roth GA, Rosamond WD, Sampson UKA, Satou GM, Shah SH, Spartano NL, Tirschwell DL, Tsao CW, Voeks JH, Willey JZ, Wilkins JT, Wu JH, Alger HM, Wong SS, Muntner P; American Heart Association Council on Epidemiology and Prevention Statistics Committee and Stroke Statistics Subcommittee. Benjamin EJ, et al. Circulation. 2018 Mar 20;137(12):e67-e492. doi: 10.1161/CIR.0000000000000558. Epub 2018 Jan 31. Circulation. 2018. PMID: 29386200 Review. No abstract available.
- Predictive importance of the visceral adiposity index and atherogenic index of plasma of all-cause and cardiovascular disease mortality in middle-aged and elderly Lithuanian population.Tamosiunas A, Luksiene D, Kranciukaite-Butylkiniene D, Radisauskas R, Sopagiene D, Bobak M. Tamosiunas A, et al. Front Public Health. 2023 Mar 13;11:1150563. doi: 10.3389/fpubh.2023.1150563. eCollection 2023. Front Public Health. 2023. PMID: 36992890 Free PMC article.
- New Bisabolane-Type Sesquiterpenoids from Curcuma longa and Their Anti-Atherosclerotic Activity.Guo YQ, Wu GX, Peng C, Fan YQ, Li L, Liu F, Xiong L. Guo YQ, et al. Molecules. 2023 Mar 16;28(6):2704. doi: 10.3390/molecules28062704. Molecules. 2023. PMID: 36985676 Free PMC article.
- Elevated Blood Alcohol Concentration Is Associated with Improved Clinical Outcomes of Intravenous Thrombolysis Treatment in Acute Ischemic Stroke Patients-A Retrospective Study.Árokszállási T, Balogh E, Orbán-Kálmándi R, Pásztor M, Árokszállási A, Nagy EB, Belán I, May Z, Csépány T, Csiba L, Bagoly Z, Oláh L. Árokszállási T, et al. J Clin Med. 2023 Mar 14;12(6):2238. doi: 10.3390/jcm12062238. J Clin Med. 2023. PMID: 36983239 Free PMC article.
- The Effect of Cholesterol Efflux on Endothelial Dysfunction Caused by Oxidative Stress.Ye H, Liu Q, Wang Y, Zhen X, Yan N. Ye H, et al. Int J Mol Sci. 2023 Mar 21;24(6):5939. doi: 10.3390/ijms24065939. Int J Mol Sci. 2023. PMID: 36983012 Free PMC article.
- Nanoparticles in the New Era of Cardiovascular Therapeutics: Challenges and Opportunities.Yang P, Ren J, Yang L. Yang P, et al. Int J Mol Sci. 2023 Mar 8;24(6):5205. doi: 10.3390/ijms24065205. Int J Mol Sci. 2023. PMID: 36982284 Free PMC article. Review.
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![Chart 6-8. Prevalence of self-reported obesity among…](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/instance/5408160/bin/nihms852024f49.jpg)
Chart 6-9. Relative risks for diseases associated…
Chart 6-9. Relative risks for diseases associated with body mass index by age group
APCSC…
Chart 6-10. US children and adolescents with…
Chart 6-10. US children and adolescents with obesity, 1963 to 2014
Obesity is body mass…
Chart 6-11. Trends in obesity prevalence among…
Chart 6-11. Trends in obesity prevalence among adults aged ≥20 years (age adjusted) and youth…
Chart 8-1. Trends in mean serum total…
Chart 8-1. Trends in mean serum total cholesterol among adolescents 12 to 19 years of…
Chart 8-2. Age-adjusted trends in mean serum…
Chart 8-2. Age-adjusted trends in mean serum total cholesterol among adults ≥20 years old by…
Chart 8-3. Age-adjusted trends in the prevalence…
Chart 8-3. Age-adjusted trends in the prevalence of serum total cholesterol ≥200 mg/dL in adults…
Chart 8-4. Age-adjusted trends in the prevalence…
Chart 8-4. Age-adjusted trends in the prevalence of serum total cholesterol ≥240 mg/dL in adults…
Chart 9-1. Prevalence of high blood pressure…
Chart 9-1. Prevalence of high blood pressure in adults ≥20 years of age by sex…
Chart 9-2. Age-adjusted prevalence trends for high…
Chart 9-2. Age-adjusted prevalence trends for high blood pressure in adults ≥20 years of age…
Chart 9-3. Extent of awareness, treatment, and…
Chart 9-3. Extent of awareness, treatment, and control of high blood pressure by age (NHANES…
Chart 9-4. Extent of awareness, treatment, and…
Chart 9-4. Extent of awareness, treatment, and control of high blood pressure by race/ethnicity (NHANES…
Chart 9-5. Extent of awareness, treatment, and…
Chart 9-5. Extent of awareness, treatment, and control of high blood pressure by race/ethnicity and…
Chart 10-1. Age-adjusted prevalence of physician-diagnosed diabetes…
Chart 10-1. Age-adjusted prevalence of physician-diagnosed diabetes mellitus in adults ≥20 years of age by…
Chart 10-2. Age-adjusted prevalence of physician-diagnosed diabetes…
Chart 10-2. Age-adjusted prevalence of physician-diagnosed diabetes mellitus in adults ≥20 years of age by…
Chart 10-3. Trends in diabetes mellitus prevalence…
Chart 10-3. Trends in diabetes mellitus prevalence in adults ≥20 years of age by sex…
Chart 10-4. Trends in the prevalence of…
Chart 10-4. Trends in the prevalence of diagnosed and undiagnosed diabetes mellitus (calibrated hemoglobin A1c…
Chart 10-5. Diabetes mellitus awareness, treatment, and…
Chart 10-5. Diabetes mellitus awareness, treatment, and control in adults ≥20 years of age (NHANES…
Chart 10-6. Trends in age-standardized rates of…
Chart 10-6. Trends in age-standardized rates of diabetes mellitus–related complications among US adults with and…
Chart 11-1. Secular trend of metabolic syndrome…
Chart 11-1. Secular trend of metabolic syndrome components in youth in the NHANES and KNHANES…
Chart 11-2. Prevalence of metabolic syndrome in…
Chart 11-2. Prevalence of metabolic syndrome in youth
The prevalence of metabolic syndrome in youth…
Chart 11-3. Age-adjusted prevalence of metabolic syndrome…
Chart 11-3. Age-adjusted prevalence of metabolic syndrome in the United States, NHANES 1999 to 2010
Chart 11-4. Age-adjusted prevalence of metabolic syndrome…
Chart 11-4. Age-adjusted prevalence of metabolic syndrome among adult males by race, NHANES 1999 to…
Chart 11-5. Age-adjusted prevalence of metabolic syndrome…
Chart 11-5. Age-adjusted prevalence of metabolic syndrome among adult females by race, NHANES 1999 to…
Chart 11-6. Prevalence and trends of the…
Chart 11-6. Prevalence and trends of the 5 components of metabolic syndrome in the adult…
Chart 11-7. Age-standardized prevalence of metabolic syndrome…
Chart 11-7. Age-standardized prevalence of metabolic syndrome by sex and Hispanic/Latino background, 2008 to 2011
Chart 11-8. Age-standardized prevalence of metabolic syndrome…
Chart 11-8. Age-standardized prevalence of metabolic syndrome by age and sex in Hispanics/Latinos, 2008 to…
Chart 11-9. Age-standardized prevalence of metabolic syndrome…
Chart 11-9. Age-standardized prevalence of metabolic syndrome (MetS) and metabolically healthy obesity (MHO) among obese…
Chart 11-10. Ten-year progression of metabolic syndrome…
Chart 11-10. Ten-year progression of metabolic syndrome in the ARIC study, stratified by age, sex,…
Chart 12-1. Trends in adjusted* end-stage renal…
Chart 12-1. Trends in adjusted* end-stage renal disease incidence rate by age group in the…
Chart 12-2. Map of the adjusted* incidence…
Chart 12-2. Map of the adjusted* incidence rate (per million/year) of end-stage renal disease by…
Chart 12-3. Estimated cumulative incidence of ESRD…
Chart 12-3. Estimated cumulative incidence of ESRD across categories of time-updated SBP among participants in…
Chart 12-4. Percentage of NHANES participants within…
Chart 12-4. Percentage of NHANES participants within the KDIGO 2012 prognosis of chronic kidney disease…
Chart 12-5. Adjusted odds ratios of chronic…
Chart 12-5. Adjusted odds ratios of chronic kidney disease (CKD) in NHANES by risk factor,…
Chart 12-6. Adjusted relative risk of (A)…
Chart 12-6. Adjusted relative risk of (A) all-cause mortality and (B) cardiovascular mortality in the…
Chart 12-7. CVD in patients with or…
Chart 12-7. CVD in patients with or without CKD, 2013 (2015 USRDS Annual Data Report,…
Chart 12-8. Prevalence of CVD in patients…
Chart 12-8. Prevalence of CVD in patients with end-stage renal disease (ESRD) by treatment modality,…
Chart 13-1. Prevalence of cardiovascular disease in…
Chart 13-1. Prevalence of cardiovascular disease in adults ≥20 years of age by age and…
Chart 13-2. Age-adjusted percentage of selected circulatory…
Chart 13-2. Age-adjusted percentage of selected circulatory diseases among American adults by education level using…
Chart 13-3. Age-adjusted percentages of selected circulatory…
Chart 13-3. Age-adjusted percentages of selected circulatory diseases among American adults by employment status using…
Chart 13-4. Age-adjusted percentages of selected circulatory…
Chart 13-4. Age-adjusted percentages of selected circulatory diseases among American adults by race and ethnicity…
Chart 13-5. Deaths attributable to diseases of…
Chart 13-5. Deaths attributable to diseases of the heart (United States: 1900–2014)
See Glossary (Chapter…
Chart 13-6. Deaths attributable to cardiovascular disease…
Chart 13-6. Deaths attributable to cardiovascular disease (United States: 1900–2014)
Cardiovascular disease ( International Classification…
Chart 13-7. Percentage breakdown of deaths attributable…
Chart 13-7. Percentage breakdown of deaths attributable to cardiovascular disease (United States: 2014)
Total may…
Chart 13-8. Cardiovascular disease (CVD) deaths versus…
Chart 13-8. Cardiovascular disease (CVD) deaths versus cancer deaths by age (United States: 2014)
CVD…
Chart 13-9. Cardiovascular disease (CVD) and other…
Chart 13-9. Cardiovascular disease (CVD) and other major causes of death: total,
Chart 13-10. Cardiovascular disease (CVD) and other…
Chart 13-10. Cardiovascular disease (CVD) and other major causes of death in males: total,
Chart 13-11. Cardiovascular disease (CVD) and other…
Chart 13-11. Cardiovascular disease (CVD) and other major causes of death in females: total,
Chart 13-12. Cardiovascular disease and other major…
Chart 13-12. Cardiovascular disease and other major causes of death for all males and females…
Chart 13-13. Cardiovascular disease and other major…
Chart 13-13. Cardiovascular disease and other major causes of death for non-Hispanic (NH) white males…
Chart 13-14. Cardiovascular disease and other major…
Chart 13-14. Cardiovascular disease and other major causes of death for non-Hispanic (NH) black males…
Chart 13-15. Cardiovascular disease and other major…
Chart 13-15. Cardiovascular disease and other major causes of death for Hispanic or Latino males…
Chart 13-16. Cardiovascular disease and other major…
Chart 13-16. Cardiovascular disease and other major causes of death for non-Hispanic (NH) Asian or…
Chart 13-17. Cardiovascular disease and other major…
Chart 13-17. Cardiovascular disease and other major causes of death for non-Hispanic (NH) American Indian…
Chart 13-18. Age-adjusted death rates for coronary…
Chart 13-18. Age-adjusted death rates for coronary heart disease (CHD), stroke, and lung and breast…
Chart 13-19. Cardiovascular disease (CVD) mortality trends…
Chart 13-19. Cardiovascular disease (CVD) mortality trends for males and females (United States: 1979–2014)
CVD…
Chart 13-20
US maps corresponding to state…
Chart 13-20
US maps corresponding to state death rates (including the District of Columbia), 2014.
Chart 13-21. Hospital discharges for cardiovascular disease…
Chart 13-21. Hospital discharges for cardiovascular disease (United States: 1970–2010)
Hospital discharges include people discharged…
Chart 13-22. Hospital discharges (International Classification of…
Chart 13-22. Hospital discharges (International Classification of Diseases, 9th Revision) for the 10 leading diagnostic…
Chart 13-23. Estimated average 10-year cardiovascular disease…
Chart 13-23. Estimated average 10-year cardiovascular disease risk in adults 50 to 54 years of…
Chart 14-1. Prevalence of stroke by age…
Chart 14-1. Prevalence of stroke by age and sex (NHANES 2011–2014)
NHANES indicates National Health…
Chart 14-2. Annual age-adjusted incidence of first-ever…
Chart 14-2. Annual age-adjusted incidence of first-ever stroke by race
Hospital plus out-of-hospital ascertainment, 1993…
Chart 14-3. Annual rate of first cerebral…
Chart 14-3. Annual rate of first cerebral infarction by age, sex, and race (GCNKSS 1999)
Chart 14-4. Annual rate of all first-ever…
Chart 14-4. Annual rate of all first-ever strokes by age, sex, and race (GCNKSS 1999)
Chart 14-5. Age-adjusted incidence of stroke/transient ischemic…
Chart 14-5. Age-adjusted incidence of stroke/transient ischemic attack by race and sex, ages 45 to…
Chart 14-6. Age-adjusted death rates for stroke…
Chart 14-6. Age-adjusted death rates for stroke by sex and race/ethnicity, 2014
Death rates for…
Chart 14-7. Stroke death rates, 2011 through…
Chart 14-7. Stroke death rates, 2011 through 2013
All ages, by county. Rates are spatially…
Chart 14-8. Estimated 10-year stroke risk in…
Chart 14-8. Estimated 10-year stroke risk in adults 55 years of age according to levels…
Chart 14-9. Probability of death within 1…
Chart 14-9. Probability of death within 1 year after first stroke
Source: Pooled data from…
Chart 14-10. Probability of death within 5…
Chart 14-10. Probability of death within 5 years after first stroke
Source: Pooled data from…
Chart 14-11. Probability of death with recurrent…
Chart 14-11. Probability of death with recurrent stroke in 5 years after first stroke
Source:…
Chart 14-12. Trends in carotid endarterectomy and…
Chart 14-12. Trends in carotid endarterectomy and carotid stenting procedures (United States: 1993–2013)
Source: Nationwide…
Chart 15-1. Incidence of ischemic and hemorrhagic…
Chart 15-1. Incidence of ischemic and hemorrhagic or other stroke type by age and sex
Chart 15-2. Age-standardized global death rates for…
Chart 15-2. Age-standardized global death rates for CVD stratified by sex, 1990 to 2013
CVD…
Chart 15-3. Number of ischemic heart disease…
Chart 15-3. Number of ischemic heart disease deaths by age, 2013
Source: Institute for Health…
Chart 15-4. Proportion of YLLs because of…
Chart 15-4. Proportion of YLLs because of CVD stratified by global region, 2013
YLL is…
Chart 15-5. Map of age-standardized ischemic heart…
Chart 15-5. Map of age-standardized ischemic heart disease mortality rate per 100 000 people in…
Chart 15-6. Age-standardized annual mortality rates (per…
Chart 15-6. Age-standardized annual mortality rates (per 100 000) of ischemic stroke in 2013
Reprinted…
Chart 15-7. Cardiovascular disease event rates in…
Chart 15-7. Cardiovascular disease event rates in selected high-, middle-, and low-income countries
Reprinted from…
Chart 15-8. Risk factor burden, by rural…
Chart 15-8. Risk factor burden, by rural and urban regions, in selected high-, middle-and low-income…
Chart 15-9. Proportion of survey respondents who…
Chart 15-9. Proportion of survey respondents who experienced catastrophic health spending (out-of-pocket health spending >40%…
Chart 15-10. Change in age-standardized CVD death…
Chart 15-10. Change in age-standardized CVD death rate and total number of CVD deaths, 1990…
Chart 15-11. Contribution of changes in population…
Chart 15-11. Contribution of changes in population growth, population aging, and rates of age-specific cardiovascular…
Chart 16-1. Trends in age-adjusted death rates…
Chart 16-1. Trends in age-adjusted death rates attributable to congenital heart defects, 1999 to 2014
Chart 16-2. Trends in age-adjusted death rates…
Chart 16-2. Trends in age-adjusted death rates attributable to congenital cardiovascular defects by race/ethnicity, 1999…
Chart 16-3. Trends in age-adjusted death rates…
Chart 16-3. Trends in age-adjusted death rates attributable to congenital cardiovascular defects by sex, 1999…
Chart 16-4. Trends in age-adjusted death rates…
Chart 16-4. Trends in age-adjusted death rates attributable to congenital cardiovascular defects by age at…
Chart 16-5. Age-adjusted death rates attributable to…
Chart 16-5. Age-adjusted death rates attributable to congenital cardiovascular defects, by sex and race/ethnicity, 2014
Chart 17-1. Long-term outcomes in individuals with…
Chart 17-1. Long-term outcomes in individuals with prolonged PR interval (>200 ms; first-degree atrioventricular…
Chart 17-2. Primary indications (in thousands) for…
Chart 17-2. Primary indications (in thousands) for pacemaker placement between 1990 and 2002 from the…
Chart 17-3. Incidence rate of paroxysmal supraventricular…
Chart 17-3. Incidence rate of paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia per 100 000 person-years by age and…
Chart 17-4. Current and future US prevalence…
Chart 17-4. Current and future US prevalence projections for AF
Projections assume no increase (red…
Chart 17-5. Atrial fibrillation incidence by race
Chart 17-5. Atrial fibrillation incidence by race
Incidence increases with advancing age among different races…
Chart 17-6. Lifetime cumulative risk for atrial…
Chart 17-6. Lifetime cumulative risk for atrial fibrillation (AF) at different ages (through age 94…
Chart 17-7. Cumulative incidence of events in…
Chart 17-7. Cumulative incidence of events in the 5 years after diagnosis of incident AF…
Chart 17-8. AF cost estimates, where AF…
Chart 17-8. AF cost estimates, where AF is diagnosed in inpatient and outpatient encounters
Indirect…
Chart 17-9. Population attributable fraction of major…
Chart 17-9. Population attributable fraction of major risk factors for atrial fibrillation in the ARIC…
Chart 17-10. Time-to-event analysis of incidence of…
Chart 17-10. Time-to-event analysis of incidence of atrial fibrillation by category of METs in the…
Chart 17-11. Global age-adjusted atrial fibrillation prevalence…
Chart 17-11. Global age-adjusted atrial fibrillation prevalence rates (per 100 000 population) in the 2010…
Chart 18-1. Detailed causes of cardiac arrest…
Chart 18-1. Detailed causes of cardiac arrest by age group in children and young adults…
Chart 18-2. Location of out-of-hospital cardiac arrest,…
Chart 18-2. Location of out-of-hospital cardiac arrest, 2015
Data derived from 2015 Cardiac Arrest Registry…
Chart 18-3. Out-of-hospital cardiac arrest witness status,…
Chart 18-3. Out-of-hospital cardiac arrest witness status, 2015
EMS indicates emergency medical services. Data derived…
Chart 18-4. Temporal trends in survival to…
Chart 18-4. Temporal trends in survival to hospital discharge after pulseless IHCA in GWTG-Resuscitation from…
Chart 19-1. Prevalence (%) of detectable coronary…
Chart 19-1. Prevalence (%) of detectable coronary calcium in the CARDIA study: US adults 33…
Chart 19-2. Prevalence (%) of detectable coronary…
Chart 19-2. Prevalence (%) of detectable coronary calcium in MESA: US adults 45 to 84…
Chart 19-3. Ten-year trends in coronary artery…
Chart 19-3. Ten-year trends in coronary artery calcification in individuals without clinical cardiovascular disease in…
Chart 19-4. HRs for CHD events associated…
Chart 19-4. HRs for CHD events associated with coronary calcium scores: US adults 45 to…
Chart 19-5. HRs for coronary heart disease…
Chart 19-5. HRs for coronary heart disease events associated with coronary calcium scores: US adults…
Chart 19-6. Mean values of carotid IMT…
Chart 19-6. Mean values of carotid IMT for different carotid artery segments in younger adults…
Chart 19-7. Association between cardiovascular risk factors…
Chart 19-7. Association between cardiovascular risk factors and mean common carotid intima-media thickness, by ethnicity
Chart 19-8. Mean values of carotid IMT…
Chart 19-8. Mean values of carotid IMT for different carotid artery segments in older adults,…
Chart 20-1. Prevalence of coronary heart disease…
Chart 20-1. Prevalence of coronary heart disease by age and sex (NHANES: 2011–2014)
NHANES indicates…
Chart 20-2. Prevalence of myo-cardial infarction by…
Chart 20-2. Prevalence of myo-cardial infarction by age and sex (NHANES: 2011–2014)
Myocardial infarction includes…
Chart 20-3. Annual number of adults per…
Chart 20-3. Annual number of adults per 1000 having diagnosed heart attack or fatal CHD…
Chart 20-4. Incidence of heart attack or…
Chart 20-4. Incidence of heart attack or fatal CHD by age, sex, and race (ARIC…
Chart 20-5. Incidence of myocardial infarction by…
Chart 20-5. Incidence of myocardial infarction by age, sex, and race (ARIC Surveillance: 2005–2013)
ARIC…
Chart 20-6. Estimated 10-year coronary heart disease…
Chart 20-6. Estimated 10-year coronary heart disease risk in adults 55 years of age according…
Chart 20-7. Prevalence of low coronary heart…
Chart 20-7. Prevalence of low coronary heart disease risk, overall and by sex (NHANES: 1971–2006)
Chart 20-8. Hospital discharges for coronary heart…
Chart 20-8. Hospital discharges for coronary heart disease by sex (United States: 1970–2010)
Hospital discharges…
Chart 20-9. Prevalence of angina pectoris by…
Chart 20-9. Prevalence of angina pectoris by age and sex (NHANES: 2011–2014)
Angina pectoris includes…
Chart 20-10. Secular trends in age- and…
Chart 20-10. Secular trends in age- and sex-standardized prevalence rates of angina for adults aged…
Chart 20-11. Incidence of angina pectoris (deemed…
Chart 20-11. Incidence of angina pectoris (deemed uncomplicated on the basis of physician interview of…
Chart 21-1. Incidence of peripartum cardiomyopathy
Reproduced…
Chart 21-1. Incidence of peripartum cardiomyopathy
Reproduced from Blauwet et al. Copyright © 2011, BMJ…
Chart 21-2. Prevalence of heart failure for…
Chart 21-2. Prevalence of heart failure for adults ≥20 years by sex and age (NHANES:…
Chart 21-3. First acute decompensated heart failure…
Chart 21-3. First acute decompensated heart failure annual event rates per 1000 from ARIC Community…
Chart 21-4. Hospital discharges for heart failure…
Chart 21-4. Hospital discharges for heart failure by sex (United States: 1980–2010)
Hospital discharges include…
Chart 21-5. Number of patients receiving left…
Chart 21-5. Number of patients receiving left ventricular assist devices in the United States, 2006…
Chart 22-1. Rheumatic heart disease prevalence trends…
Chart 22-1. Rheumatic heart disease prevalence trends per 1000 people for each WHO region
Chart 22-2. Age and sex distribution of…
Chart 22-2. Age and sex distribution of 3343 subjects with rheumatic heart disease participating in…
Chart 24-1. Estimates of prevalence of peripheral…
Chart 24-1. Estimates of prevalence of peripheral artery disease in males by age and ethnicity
Chart 24-2. Estimates of prevalence of peripheral…
Chart 24-2. Estimates of prevalence of peripheral artery disease in females by age and ethnicity
Chart 24-3. Prevalence of peripheral artery disease…
Chart 24-3. Prevalence of peripheral artery disease by age in males and females in high-income…
Chart 24-4. Hazard ratios of cardiovascular mortality…
Chart 24-4. Hazard ratios of cardiovascular mortality with 95% CI by ABI categories
ABI indicates…
Chart 24-5. Association between the diameter and…
Chart 24-5. Association between the diameter and the minimum and maximum risk of AAA rupture…
Chart 24-6. Numbers needed to screen to…
Chart 24-6. Numbers needed to screen to avoid an AAA-associated death and a ruptured AAA
Chart 25-1. Survival rates after out-of-hospital cardiac…
Chart 25-1. Survival rates after out-of-hospital cardiac arrest in US sites of the Resuscitation Outcomes…
Chart 26-1. Trends in cardiovascular procedures, United…
Chart 26-1. Trends in cardiovascular procedures, United States: 1979 to 2010; inpatient procedures only
PCI…
Chart 26-2. Number of surgical procedures in…
Chart 26-2. Number of surgical procedures in the 10 leading diagnostic groups, United States: 2010
Chart 26-3. Trends in heart transplantations, 1975…
Chart 26-3. Trends in heart transplantations, 1975 to 2015
Source: Organ Procurement and Transplantation Network…
Chart 26-4. Heart transplantations in the United…
Chart 26-4. Heart transplantations in the United States by recipient age, 2015
Source: Organ Procurement…
Chart 27-1. Direct and indirect costs of…
Chart 27-1. Direct and indirect costs of CVD and stroke (in billions of dollars), United…
Chart 27-2. The 23 leading diagnoses for…
Chart 27-2. The 23 leading diagnoses for direct health expenditures, United States, average annual 2012…
Chart 27-3. Projected total costs of CVD,…
Chart 27-3. Projected total costs of CVD, 2015 to 2030 (2012 dollars in billions) in…
Chart 27-4. Projected total (direct and indirect)…
Chart 27-4. Projected total (direct and indirect) costs of total cardiovascular disease by age (2012…
Chart 27-5. Projected direct costs of total…
Chart 27-5. Projected direct costs of total cardiovascular disease by type of cost (2010 dollars…
![Chart 6-9. Relative risks for diseases associated…](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/instance/5408160/bin/nihms852024f50.jpg)
![Chart 6-10. US children and adolescents with…](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/instance/5408160/bin/nihms852024f51.jpg)
![Chart 6-11. Trends in obesity prevalence among…](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/instance/5408160/bin/nihms852024f52.jpg)
![Chart 8-1. Trends in mean serum total…](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/instance/5408160/bin/nihms852024f53.jpg)
![Chart 8-2. Age-adjusted trends in mean serum…](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/instance/5408160/bin/nihms852024f54.jpg)
![Chart 8-3. Age-adjusted trends in the prevalence…](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/instance/5408160/bin/nihms852024f55.jpg)
![Chart 8-4. Age-adjusted trends in the prevalence…](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/instance/5408160/bin/nihms852024f56.jpg)
![Chart 9-1. Prevalence of high blood pressure…](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/instance/5408160/bin/nihms852024f57.jpg)
![Chart 9-2. Age-adjusted prevalence trends for high…](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/instance/5408160/bin/nihms852024f58.jpg)
![Chart 9-3. Extent of awareness, treatment, and…](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/instance/5408160/bin/nihms852024f59.jpg)
![Chart 9-4. Extent of awareness, treatment, and…](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/instance/5408160/bin/nihms852024f60.jpg)
![Chart 9-5. Extent of awareness, treatment, and…](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/instance/5408160/bin/nihms852024f61.jpg)
![Chart 10-1. Age-adjusted prevalence of physician-diagnosed diabetes…](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/instance/5408160/bin/nihms852024f62.jpg)
![Chart 10-2. Age-adjusted prevalence of physician-diagnosed diabetes…](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/instance/5408160/bin/nihms852024f63.jpg)
![Chart 10-3. Trends in diabetes mellitus prevalence…](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/instance/5408160/bin/nihms852024f64.jpg)
![Chart 10-4. Trends in the prevalence of…](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/instance/5408160/bin/nihms852024f65.jpg)
![Chart 10-5. Diabetes mellitus awareness, treatment, and…](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/instance/5408160/bin/nihms852024f66.jpg)
![Chart 10-6. Trends in age-standardized rates of…](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/instance/5408160/bin/nihms852024f67.jpg)
![Chart 11-1. Secular trend of metabolic syndrome…](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/instance/5408160/bin/nihms852024f68.jpg)
![Chart 11-2. Prevalence of metabolic syndrome in…](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/instance/5408160/bin/nihms852024f69.jpg)
![Chart 11-3. Age-adjusted prevalence of metabolic syndrome…](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/instance/5408160/bin/nihms852024f70.jpg)
![Chart 11-4. Age-adjusted prevalence of metabolic syndrome…](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/instance/5408160/bin/nihms852024f71.jpg)
![Chart 11-5. Age-adjusted prevalence of metabolic syndrome…](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/instance/5408160/bin/nihms852024f72.jpg)
![Chart 11-6. Prevalence and trends of the…](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/instance/5408160/bin/nihms852024f73.jpg)
![Chart 11-7. Age-standardized prevalence of metabolic syndrome…](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/instance/5408160/bin/nihms852024f74.jpg)
![Chart 11-8. Age-standardized prevalence of metabolic syndrome…](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/instance/5408160/bin/nihms852024f75.jpg)
![Chart 11-9. Age-standardized prevalence of metabolic syndrome…](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/instance/5408160/bin/nihms852024f76.jpg)
![Chart 11-10. Ten-year progression of metabolic syndrome…](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/instance/5408160/bin/nihms852024f77.jpg)
![Chart 12-1. Trends in adjusted* end-stage renal…](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/instance/5408160/bin/nihms852024f78.jpg)
![Chart 12-2. Map of the adjusted* incidence…](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/instance/5408160/bin/nihms852024f79.jpg)
![Chart 12-3. Estimated cumulative incidence of ESRD…](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/instance/5408160/bin/nihms852024f80.jpg)
![Chart 12-4. Percentage of NHANES participants within…](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/instance/5408160/bin/nihms852024f81.jpg)
![Chart 12-5. Adjusted odds ratios of chronic…](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/instance/5408160/bin/nihms852024f82.jpg)
![Chart 12-6. Adjusted relative risk of (A)…](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/instance/5408160/bin/nihms852024f83.jpg)
![Chart 12-7. CVD in patients with or…](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/instance/5408160/bin/nihms852024f84.jpg)
![Chart 12-8. Prevalence of CVD in patients…](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/instance/5408160/bin/nihms852024f85.jpg)
![Chart 13-1. Prevalence of cardiovascular disease in…](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/instance/5408160/bin/nihms852024f86.jpg)
![Chart 13-2. Age-adjusted percentage of selected circulatory…](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/instance/5408160/bin/nihms852024f87.jpg)
![Chart 13-3. Age-adjusted percentages of selected circulatory…](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/instance/5408160/bin/nihms852024f88.jpg)
![Chart 13-4. Age-adjusted percentages of selected circulatory…](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/instance/5408160/bin/nihms852024f89.jpg)
![Chart 13-5. Deaths attributable to diseases of…](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/instance/5408160/bin/nihms852024f90.jpg)
![Chart 13-6. Deaths attributable to cardiovascular disease…](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/instance/5408160/bin/nihms852024f91.jpg)
![Chart 13-7. Percentage breakdown of deaths attributable…](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/instance/5408160/bin/nihms852024f92.jpg)
![Chart 13-8. Cardiovascular disease (CVD) deaths versus…](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/instance/5408160/bin/nihms852024f93.jpg)
![Chart 13-9. Cardiovascular disease (CVD) and other…](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/instance/5408160/bin/nihms852024f94.jpg)
![Chart 13-10. Cardiovascular disease (CVD) and other…](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/instance/5408160/bin/nihms852024f95.jpg)
![Chart 13-11. Cardiovascular disease (CVD) and other…](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/instance/5408160/bin/nihms852024f96.jpg)
![Chart 13-12. Cardiovascular disease and other major…](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/instance/5408160/bin/nihms852024f97.jpg)
![Chart 13-13. Cardiovascular disease and other major…](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/instance/5408160/bin/nihms852024f98.jpg)
![Chart 13-14. Cardiovascular disease and other major…](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/instance/5408160/bin/nihms852024f99.jpg)
![Chart 13-15. Cardiovascular disease and other major…](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/instance/5408160/bin/nihms852024f100.jpg)
![Chart 13-16. Cardiovascular disease and other major…](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/instance/5408160/bin/nihms852024f101.jpg)
![Chart 13-17. Cardiovascular disease and other major…](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/instance/5408160/bin/nihms852024f102.jpg)
![Chart 13-18. Age-adjusted death rates for coronary…](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/instance/5408160/bin/nihms852024f103.jpg)
![Chart 13-19. Cardiovascular disease (CVD) mortality trends…](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/instance/5408160/bin/nihms852024f104.jpg)
![Chart 13-20](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/instance/5408160/bin/nihms852024f105.jpg)
![Chart 13-21. Hospital discharges for cardiovascular disease…](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/instance/5408160/bin/nihms852024f106.jpg)
![Chart 13-22. Hospital discharges (International Classification of…](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/instance/5408160/bin/nihms852024f107.jpg)
![Chart 13-23. Estimated average 10-year cardiovascular disease…](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/instance/5408160/bin/nihms852024f108.jpg)
![Chart 14-1. Prevalence of stroke by age…](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/instance/5408160/bin/nihms852024f109.jpg)
![Chart 14-2. Annual age-adjusted incidence of first-ever…](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/instance/5408160/bin/nihms852024f110.jpg)
![Chart 14-3. Annual rate of first cerebral…](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/instance/5408160/bin/nihms852024f111.jpg)
![Chart 14-4. Annual rate of all first-ever…](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/instance/5408160/bin/nihms852024f112.jpg)
![Chart 14-5. Age-adjusted incidence of stroke/transient ischemic…](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/instance/5408160/bin/nihms852024f113.jpg)
![Chart 14-6. Age-adjusted death rates for stroke…](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/instance/5408160/bin/nihms852024f114.jpg)
![Chart 14-7. Stroke death rates, 2011 through…](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/instance/5408160/bin/nihms852024f115.jpg)
![Chart 14-8. Estimated 10-year stroke risk in…](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/instance/5408160/bin/nihms852024f116.jpg)
![Chart 14-9. Probability of death within 1…](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/instance/5408160/bin/nihms852024f117.jpg)
![Chart 14-10. Probability of death within 5…](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/instance/5408160/bin/nihms852024f118.jpg)
![Chart 14-11. Probability of death with recurrent…](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/instance/5408160/bin/nihms852024f119.jpg)
![Chart 14-12. Trends in carotid endarterectomy and…](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/instance/5408160/bin/nihms852024f120.jpg)
![Chart 15-1. Incidence of ischemic and hemorrhagic…](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/instance/5408160/bin/nihms852024f121.jpg)
![Chart 15-2. Age-standardized global death rates for…](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/instance/5408160/bin/nihms852024f122.jpg)
![Chart 15-3. Number of ischemic heart disease…](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/instance/5408160/bin/nihms852024f123.jpg)
![Chart 15-4. Proportion of YLLs because of…](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/instance/5408160/bin/nihms852024f124.jpg)
![Chart 15-5. Map of age-standardized ischemic heart…](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/instance/5408160/bin/nihms852024f125.jpg)
![Chart 15-6. Age-standardized annual mortality rates (per…](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/instance/5408160/bin/nihms852024f126.jpg)
![Chart 15-7. Cardiovascular disease event rates in…](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/instance/5408160/bin/nihms852024f127.jpg)
![Chart 15-8. Risk factor burden, by rural…](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/instance/5408160/bin/nihms852024f128.jpg)
![Chart 15-9. Proportion of survey respondents who…](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/instance/5408160/bin/nihms852024f129.jpg)
![Chart 15-10. Change in age-standardized CVD death…](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/instance/5408160/bin/nihms852024f130.jpg)
![Chart 15-11. Contribution of changes in population…](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/instance/5408160/bin/nihms852024f131.jpg)
![Chart 16-1. Trends in age-adjusted death rates…](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/instance/5408160/bin/nihms852024f132.jpg)
![Chart 16-2. Trends in age-adjusted death rates…](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/instance/5408160/bin/nihms852024f133.jpg)
![Chart 16-3. Trends in age-adjusted death rates…](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/instance/5408160/bin/nihms852024f134.jpg)
![Chart 16-4. Trends in age-adjusted death rates…](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/instance/5408160/bin/nihms852024f135.jpg)
![Chart 16-5. Age-adjusted death rates attributable to…](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/instance/5408160/bin/nihms852024f136.jpg)
![Chart 17-1. Long-term outcomes in individuals with…](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/instance/5408160/bin/nihms852024f137.jpg)
![Chart 17-2. Primary indications (in thousands) for…](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/instance/5408160/bin/nihms852024f138.jpg)
![Chart 17-3. Incidence rate of paroxysmal supraventricular…](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/instance/5408160/bin/nihms852024f139.jpg)
![Chart 17-4. Current and future US prevalence…](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/instance/5408160/bin/nihms852024f140.jpg)
![Chart 17-5. Atrial fibrillation incidence by race](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/instance/5408160/bin/nihms852024f141.jpg)
![Chart 17-6. Lifetime cumulative risk for atrial…](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/instance/5408160/bin/nihms852024f142.jpg)
![Chart 17-7. Cumulative incidence of events in…](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/instance/5408160/bin/nihms852024f143.jpg)
![Chart 17-8. AF cost estimates, where AF…](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/instance/5408160/bin/nihms852024f144.jpg)
![Chart 17-9. Population attributable fraction of major…](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/instance/5408160/bin/nihms852024f145.jpg)
![Chart 17-10. Time-to-event analysis of incidence of…](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/instance/5408160/bin/nihms852024f146.jpg)
![Chart 17-11. Global age-adjusted atrial fibrillation prevalence…](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/instance/5408160/bin/nihms852024f147.jpg)
![Chart 18-1. Detailed causes of cardiac arrest…](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/instance/5408160/bin/nihms852024f148.jpg)
![Chart 18-2. Location of out-of-hospital cardiac arrest,…](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/instance/5408160/bin/nihms852024f149.jpg)
![Chart 18-3. Out-of-hospital cardiac arrest witness status,…](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/instance/5408160/bin/nihms852024f150.jpg)
![Chart 18-4. Temporal trends in survival to…](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/instance/5408160/bin/nihms852024f151.jpg)
![Chart 19-1. Prevalence (%) of detectable coronary…](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/instance/5408160/bin/nihms852024f152.jpg)
![Chart 19-2. Prevalence (%) of detectable coronary…](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/instance/5408160/bin/nihms852024f153.jpg)
![Chart 19-3. Ten-year trends in coronary artery…](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/instance/5408160/bin/nihms852024f154.jpg)
![Chart 19-4. HRs for CHD events associated…](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/instance/5408160/bin/nihms852024f155.jpg)
![Chart 19-5. HRs for coronary heart disease…](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/instance/5408160/bin/nihms852024f156.jpg)
![Chart 19-6. Mean values of carotid IMT…](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/instance/5408160/bin/nihms852024f157.jpg)
![Chart 19-7. Association between cardiovascular risk factors…](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/instance/5408160/bin/nihms852024f158.jpg)
![Chart 19-8. Mean values of carotid IMT…](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/instance/5408160/bin/nihms852024f159.jpg)
![Chart 20-1. Prevalence of coronary heart disease…](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/instance/5408160/bin/nihms852024f160.jpg)
![Chart 20-2. Prevalence of myo-cardial infarction by…](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/instance/5408160/bin/nihms852024f161.jpg)
![Chart 20-3. Annual number of adults per…](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/instance/5408160/bin/nihms852024f162.jpg)
![Chart 20-4. Incidence of heart attack or…](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/instance/5408160/bin/nihms852024f163.jpg)
![Chart 20-5. Incidence of myocardial infarction by…](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/instance/5408160/bin/nihms852024f164.jpg)
![Chart 20-6. Estimated 10-year coronary heart disease…](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/instance/5408160/bin/nihms852024f165.jpg)
![Chart 20-7. Prevalence of low coronary heart…](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/instance/5408160/bin/nihms852024f166.jpg)
![Chart 20-8. Hospital discharges for coronary heart…](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/instance/5408160/bin/nihms852024f167.jpg)
![Chart 20-9. Prevalence of angina pectoris by…](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/instance/5408160/bin/nihms852024f168.jpg)
![Chart 20-10. Secular trends in age- and…](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/instance/5408160/bin/nihms852024f169.jpg)
![Chart 20-11. Incidence of angina pectoris (deemed…](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/instance/5408160/bin/nihms852024f170.jpg)
![Chart 21-1. Incidence of peripartum cardiomyopathy](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/instance/5408160/bin/nihms852024f171.jpg)
![Chart 21-2. Prevalence of heart failure for…](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/instance/5408160/bin/nihms852024f172.jpg)
![Chart 21-3. First acute decompensated heart failure…](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/instance/5408160/bin/nihms852024f173.jpg)
![Chart 21-4. Hospital discharges for heart failure…](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/instance/5408160/bin/nihms852024f174.jpg)
![Chart 21-5. Number of patients receiving left…](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/instance/5408160/bin/nihms852024f175.jpg)
![Chart 22-1. Rheumatic heart disease prevalence trends…](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/instance/5408160/bin/nihms852024f176.jpg)
![Chart 22-2. Age and sex distribution of…](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/instance/5408160/bin/nihms852024f177.jpg)
![Chart 24-1. Estimates of prevalence of peripheral…](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/instance/5408160/bin/nihms852024f178.jpg)
![Chart 24-2. Estimates of prevalence of peripheral…](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/instance/5408160/bin/nihms852024f179.jpg)
![Chart 24-3. Prevalence of peripheral artery disease…](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/instance/5408160/bin/nihms852024f180.jpg)
![Chart 24-4. Hazard ratios of cardiovascular mortality…](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/instance/5408160/bin/nihms852024f181.jpg)
![Chart 24-5. Association between the diameter and…](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/instance/5408160/bin/nihms852024f182.jpg)
![Chart 24-6. Numbers needed to screen to…](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/instance/5408160/bin/nihms852024f183.jpg)
![Chart 25-1. Survival rates after out-of-hospital cardiac…](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/instance/5408160/bin/nihms852024f184.jpg)
![Chart 26-1. Trends in cardiovascular procedures, United…](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/instance/5408160/bin/nihms852024f185.jpg)
![Chart 26-2. Number of surgical procedures in…](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/instance/5408160/bin/nihms852024f186.jpg)
![Chart 26-3. Trends in heart transplantations, 1975…](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/instance/5408160/bin/nihms852024f187.jpg)
![Chart 26-4. Heart transplantations in the United…](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/instance/5408160/bin/nihms852024f188.jpg)
![Chart 27-1. Direct and indirect costs of…](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/instance/5408160/bin/nihms852024f189.jpg)
![Chart 27-2. The 23 leading diagnoses for…](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/instance/5408160/bin/nihms852024f190.jpg)
![Chart 27-3. Projected total costs of CVD,…](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/instance/5408160/bin/nihms852024f191.jpg)
![Chart 27-4. Projected total (direct and indirect)…](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/instance/5408160/bin/nihms852024f192.jpg)
![Chart 27-5. Projected direct costs of total…](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/instance/5408160/bin/nihms852024f193.jpg)
Source: PubMed