The Alzheimer's Disease Assessment Scale-Cognitive-Plus (ADAS-Cog-Plus): an expansion of the ADAS-Cog to improve responsiveness in MCI
Jeannine Skinner, Janessa O Carvalho, Guy G Potter, April Thames, Elizabeth Zelinski, Paul K Crane, Laura E Gibbons, Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative, Michael Weiner, Paul Aisen, Michael Weiner, Paul Aisen, Ronald Petersen, Clifford R Jack Jr, William Jagust, John Q Trojanowki, Arthur W Toga, Laurel Beckett, Robert C Green, Andrew J Saykin, John Morris, Enchi Liu, Robert C Green, Tom Montine, Ronald Petersen, Paul Aisen, Anthony Gamst, Ronald G Thomas, Michael Donohue, Sarah Walter, Devon Gessert, Tamie Sather, Laurel Beckett, Danielle Harvey, Anthony Gamst, Michael Donohue, John Kornak, Clifford R Jack Jr, Dale Anders, Matthew Bernstein, Joel Felmlee, Nick Fox, Paul Thompson, Norbert Schuff, Gene Alexander, Charles DeCarli, William Jagust, Dan Bandy, Robert A Koeppe, Norm Foster, Eric M Reiman, Kewei Chen, Chet Mathis, John Morris, Nigel J Cairns, Lisa Taylor-Reinwald, J Q Trojanowki, Les Shaw, Virginia M Y Lee, Magdalena Korecka, Arthur W Toga, Karen Crawford, Scott Neu, Andrew J Saykin, Tatiana M Foroud, Steven Potkin, Li Shen, Zaven Kachaturian, Richard Frank, Peter J Snyder, Susan Molchan, Jeffrey Kaye, Joseph Quinn, Betty Lind, Sara Dolen, Lon S Schneider, Sonia Pawluczyk, Bryan M Spann, James Brewer, Helen Vanderswag, Judith L Heidebrink, Joanne L Lord, Ronald Petersen, Kris Johnson, Rachelle S Doody, Javier Villanueva-Meyer, Munir Chowdhury, Yaakov Stern, Lawrence S Honig, Karen L Bell, John C Morris, Beau Ances, Maria Carroll, Sue Leon, Mark A Mintun, Stacy Schneider, Daniel Marson, Randall Griffith, David Clark, Hillel Grossman, Effie Mitsis, Aliza Romirowsky, Leyla deToledo-Morrell, Raj C Shah, Ranjan Duara, Daniel Varon, Peggy Roberts, Marilyn Albert, Chiadi Onyike, Stephanie Kielb, Henry Rusinek, Mony J de Leon, Lidia Glodzik, Susan De Santi, P Murali Doraiswamy, Jeffrey R Petrella, R Edward Coleman, Steven E Arnold, Jason H Karlawish, David Wolk, Charles D Smith, Greg Jicha, Peter Hardy, Oscar L Lopez, MaryAnn Oakley, Donna M Simpson, Anton P Porsteinsson, Bonnie S Goldstein, Kim Martin, Kelly M Makino, M Saleem Ismail, Connie Brand, Ruth A Mulnard, Gaby Thai, Catherine Mc-Adams-Ortiz, Kyle Womack, Dana Mathews, Mary Quiceno, Ramon Diaz-Arrastia, Richard King, Myron Weiner, Kristen Martin-Cook, Michael DeVous, Allan I Levey, James J Lah, Janet S Cellar, Jeffrey M Burns, Heather S Anderson, Russell H Swerdlow, Liana Apostolova, Po H Lu, George Bartzokis, Daniel H S Silverman, Neill R Graff-Radford, Francine Parfitt, Heather Johnson, Martin R Farlow, Ann Marie Hake, Brandy R Matthews, Scott Herring, Christopher H van Dyck, Richard E Carson, Martha G MacAvoy, Howard Chertkow, Howard Bergman, Chris Hosein, Sandra Black, Bojan Stefanovic, Curtis Caldwell, Ging-Yuek Robin Hsiung, Howard Feldman, Benita Mudge, Michele Assaly, Andrew Kertesz, John Rogers, Dick Trost, Charles Bernick, Donna Munic, Diana Kerwin, Marek-Marsel Mesulam, Kristina Lipowski, Chuang-Kuo Wu, Nancy Johnson, Carl Sadowsky, Walter Martinez, Teresa Villena, Raymond Scott Turner, Kathleen Johnson, Brigid Reynolds, Reisa A Sperling, Keith A Johnson, Gad Marshall, Meghan Frey, Jerome Yesavage, Joy L Taylor, Barton Lane, Allyson Rosen, Jared Tinklenberg, Marwan Sabbagh, Christine Belden, Sandra Jacobson, Neil Kowall, Ronald Killiany, Andrew E Budson, Alexander Norbash, Patricia Lynn Johnson, Thomas O Obisesan, Saba Wolday, Salome K Bwayo, Alan Lerner, Leon Hudson, Paula Ogrocki, Evan Fletcher, Owen Carmichael, John Olichney, Charles DeCarli, Smita Kittur, Michael Borrie, T-Y Lee, Rob Bartha, Sterling Johnson, Sanjay Asthana, Cynthia M Carlsson, Steven G Potkin, Adrian Preda, Dana Nguyen, Pierre Tariot, Adam Fleisher, Stephanie Reeder, Vernice Bates, Horacio Capote, Michelle Rainka, Douglas W Scharre, Maria Kataki, Earl A Zimmerman, Dzintra Celmins, Alice D Brown, Godfrey D Pearlson, Karen Blank, Karen Anderson, Andrew J Saykin, Andrew J Santullix, Eben S Schwartz, Kaycee M Sink, Jeff D Williamson, Pradeep Garg, Franklin Watkins, Brian R Ott, Henry Querfurth, Geoffrey Tremont, Stephen Salloway, Paul Malloy, Stephen Correia, Howard J Rosen, Bruce L Miller, Jacobo Mintzer, Crystal Flynn Longmire, Kenneth Spicer, Elizabether Finger, Irina Rachinsky, John Rogers, Andrew Kertesz, Dick Drost, Jeannine Skinner, Janessa O Carvalho, Guy G Potter, April Thames, Elizabeth Zelinski, Paul K Crane, Laura E Gibbons, Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative, Michael Weiner, Paul Aisen, Michael Weiner, Paul Aisen, Ronald Petersen, Clifford R Jack Jr, William Jagust, John Q Trojanowki, Arthur W Toga, Laurel Beckett, Robert C Green, Andrew J Saykin, John Morris, Enchi Liu, Robert C Green, Tom Montine, Ronald Petersen, Paul Aisen, Anthony Gamst, Ronald G Thomas, Michael Donohue, Sarah Walter, Devon Gessert, Tamie Sather, Laurel Beckett, Danielle Harvey, Anthony Gamst, Michael Donohue, John Kornak, Clifford R Jack Jr, Dale Anders, Matthew Bernstein, Joel Felmlee, Nick Fox, Paul Thompson, Norbert Schuff, Gene Alexander, Charles DeCarli, William Jagust, Dan Bandy, Robert A Koeppe, Norm Foster, Eric M Reiman, Kewei Chen, Chet Mathis, John Morris, Nigel J Cairns, Lisa Taylor-Reinwald, J Q Trojanowki, Les Shaw, Virginia M Y Lee, Magdalena Korecka, Arthur W Toga, Karen Crawford, Scott Neu, Andrew J Saykin, Tatiana M Foroud, Steven Potkin, Li Shen, Zaven Kachaturian, Richard Frank, Peter J Snyder, Susan Molchan, Jeffrey Kaye, Joseph Quinn, Betty Lind, Sara Dolen, Lon S Schneider, Sonia Pawluczyk, Bryan M Spann, James Brewer, Helen Vanderswag, Judith L Heidebrink, Joanne L Lord, Ronald Petersen, Kris Johnson, Rachelle S Doody, Javier Villanueva-Meyer, Munir Chowdhury, Yaakov Stern, Lawrence S Honig, Karen L Bell, John C Morris, Beau Ances, Maria Carroll, Sue Leon, Mark A Mintun, Stacy Schneider, Daniel Marson, Randall Griffith, David Clark, Hillel Grossman, Effie Mitsis, Aliza Romirowsky, Leyla deToledo-Morrell, Raj C Shah, Ranjan Duara, Daniel Varon, Peggy Roberts, Marilyn Albert, Chiadi Onyike, Stephanie Kielb, Henry Rusinek, Mony J de Leon, Lidia Glodzik, Susan De Santi, P Murali Doraiswamy, Jeffrey R Petrella, R Edward Coleman, Steven E Arnold, Jason H Karlawish, David Wolk, Charles D Smith, Greg Jicha, Peter Hardy, Oscar L Lopez, MaryAnn Oakley, Donna M Simpson, Anton P Porsteinsson, Bonnie S Goldstein, Kim Martin, Kelly M Makino, M Saleem Ismail, Connie Brand, Ruth A Mulnard, Gaby Thai, Catherine Mc-Adams-Ortiz, Kyle Womack, Dana Mathews, Mary Quiceno, Ramon Diaz-Arrastia, Richard King, Myron Weiner, Kristen Martin-Cook, Michael DeVous, Allan I Levey, James J Lah, Janet S Cellar, Jeffrey M Burns, Heather S Anderson, Russell H Swerdlow, Liana Apostolova, Po H Lu, George Bartzokis, Daniel H S Silverman, Neill R Graff-Radford, Francine Parfitt, Heather Johnson, Martin R Farlow, Ann Marie Hake, Brandy R Matthews, Scott Herring, Christopher H van Dyck, Richard E Carson, Martha G MacAvoy, Howard Chertkow, Howard Bergman, Chris Hosein, Sandra Black, Bojan Stefanovic, Curtis Caldwell, Ging-Yuek Robin Hsiung, Howard Feldman, Benita Mudge, Michele Assaly, Andrew Kertesz, John Rogers, Dick Trost, Charles Bernick, Donna Munic, Diana Kerwin, Marek-Marsel Mesulam, Kristina Lipowski, Chuang-Kuo Wu, Nancy Johnson, Carl Sadowsky, Walter Martinez, Teresa Villena, Raymond Scott Turner, Kathleen Johnson, Brigid Reynolds, Reisa A Sperling, Keith A Johnson, Gad Marshall, Meghan Frey, Jerome Yesavage, Joy L Taylor, Barton Lane, Allyson Rosen, Jared Tinklenberg, Marwan Sabbagh, Christine Belden, Sandra Jacobson, Neil Kowall, Ronald Killiany, Andrew E Budson, Alexander Norbash, Patricia Lynn Johnson, Thomas O Obisesan, Saba Wolday, Salome K Bwayo, Alan Lerner, Leon Hudson, Paula Ogrocki, Evan Fletcher, Owen Carmichael, John Olichney, Charles DeCarli, Smita Kittur, Michael Borrie, T-Y Lee, Rob Bartha, Sterling Johnson, Sanjay Asthana, Cynthia M Carlsson, Steven G Potkin, Adrian Preda, Dana Nguyen, Pierre Tariot, Adam Fleisher, Stephanie Reeder, Vernice Bates, Horacio Capote, Michelle Rainka, Douglas W Scharre, Maria Kataki, Earl A Zimmerman, Dzintra Celmins, Alice D Brown, Godfrey D Pearlson, Karen Blank, Karen Anderson, Andrew J Saykin, Andrew J Santullix, Eben S Schwartz, Kaycee M Sink, Jeff D Williamson, Pradeep Garg, Franklin Watkins, Brian R Ott, Henry Querfurth, Geoffrey Tremont, Stephen Salloway, Paul Malloy, Stephen Correia, Howard J Rosen, Bruce L Miller, Jacobo Mintzer, Crystal Flynn Longmire, Kenneth Spicer, Elizabether Finger, Irina Rachinsky, John Rogers, Andrew Kertesz, Dick Drost
Abstract
Background: The Alzheimer's Disease Assessment Scale cognitive subscale (ADAS-Cog) is widely used in AD, but may be less responsive to change when used in people with mild cognitive impairment (MCI).
Methods: Participants from the Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative were administered a neuropsychological battery and 1.5 T MRI scans over 2-3 years. Informants were queried regarding functional impairments. Some participants had lumbar punctures to obtain cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). We added executive functioning (EF) and functional ability (FA) items to the ADAS-Cog to generate candidate augmented measures. We calibrated these candidates using baseline data (n = 811) and selected the best candidate that added EF items alone and that added EF and FA items. We selected candidates based on their responsiveness over three years in a training sample of participants with MCI (n = 160). We compared traditional ADAS-Cog scores with the two candidates based on their responsiveness in a validation sample of participants with MCI (n = 234), ability to predict conversion to dementia (n = 394), strength of association with baseline MRI (n = 394) and CSF biomarkers (n = 193).
Results: The selected EF candidate added category fluency (ADAS Plus EF), and the selected EF and FA candidate added category fluency, Digit Symbol, Trail Making, and five items from the Functional Assessment Questionnaire (ADAS Plus EF&FA). The ADAS Plus EF& FA performed as well as or better than traditional ADAS-Cog scores.
Conclusion: Adding EF and FA items to the ADAS-Cog may improve responsiveness among people with MCI without impairing validity.
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Source: PubMed