Oxygen saturation after birth in resuscitated neonates in Uganda: a video-based observational study

Abstract

Background: Monitoring of peripheral capillary oxygen saturation (SpO2) during neonatal resuscitation is standard of care in high-resource settings, but seldom performed in low-resource settings. We aimed to measure SpO2 and heart rate during the first 10 min of life in neonates receiving positive pressure ventilation (PPV) according to the Helping Babies Breathe (HBB) protocol and compare results with SpO2 and heart rate targets set by the American Heart Association (AHA).

Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted at Mulago National Referral Hospital, Kampala, Uganda, as a substudy of the NeoSupra Trial. SpO2 and heart rate were measured on apnoeic neonates (≥34 weeks) who received PPV according to HBB (room air). Those who remained distressed after PPV received supplemental oxygen (O2). All resuscitations were video recorded and data were extracted by video review at 1 min intervals until 10 min post partum. Data were analysed for all observations and separately for only observations before and during PPV.

Results: 49 neonates were analysed. Median SpO2 at 5 min (n=39) was 67% (49-88) with 59% of the observations below AHA target of 80%. At 10 min median SpO2 (n=44) was 93% (80-97) and 32% were below AHA target of 85%. When only observations before and during PPV were analysed, median SpO2 at 5 min (n=18) was 52% (34-66) and 83% were below AHA target. At 10 min (n=15), median SpO2 was 72% (57-89) and 67% were below AHA target. Median heart rates were above AHA target of 100 beats/min at all time intervals.

Conclusions: A high proportion of neonates resuscitated with PPV after birth failed to reach the AHA SpO2 target in this small sample, implying an increased risk of hypoxic-ischaemic encephalopathy. Further studies in low-resource settings are needed to evaluate baseline data and the need for supplemental O2 and optimal SpO2 during PPV.

Trial registration number: This is a substudy to the trial 'Neonatal Resuscitation with Supraglottic Airway Trial (NeoSupra)'; ClinicalTrials.gov Registry (NCT03133572).

Keywords: neonatology; physiology; resuscitation.

Conflict of interest statement

Competing interests: None declared.

© Author(s) (or their employer(s)) 2022. Re-use permitted under CC BY-NC. No commercial re-use. See rights and permissions. Published by BMJ.

Figures

Figure 1

Preductal peripheral capillary oxygen saturation (SpO2) by pulse oximetry at 2–10 min after birth presented as box plots showing the median, quartiles, range (min and max values) and individual data points. Observations obtained (n) and sample size (N) are shown below the graph. (A) SpO2 observations of all neonates at each time point. (B) SpO2 observations of neonates before and during positive pressure ventilation at each time point.

Figure 2

Heart rate measured by dry-electrode ECG or pulse oximetry at 1–10 min after birth presented as box plots showing the median, quartiles, range (min and max values) and individual data points. Observations obtained (n) and sample size (N) are shown below the graph. (A) Heart rate observations of all neonates at each time point. (B) Heart rate observations of neonates before and during positive pressure ventilation at each time point.