Characteristics of lymphocyte subsets in HIV-infected, long-term nonprogressor, and healthy Asian children through 12 years of age

Jintanat Ananworanich, Tanakorn Apornpong, Pope Kosalaraksa, Tanyathip Jaimulwong, Rawiwan Hansudewechakul, Chitsanu Pancharoen, Torsak Bunupuradah, Mom Chandara, Thanyawee Puthanakit, Chaiwat Ngampiyasakul, Jurai Wongsawat, Suparat Kanjanavanit, Wicharn Luesomboon, Phennapha Klangsinsirikul, Nicole Ngo-Giang-Huong, Stephen J Kerr, Sasiwimol Ubolyam, Tawan Mengthaisong, Rebecca S Gelman, Kovit Pattanapanyasat, Vonthanak Saphonn, Kiat Ruxrungtham, William T Shearer, PREDICT Study Group, P Phanuphak, K Ruxrungtham, M C Vun, V Saphonn, J Kaldor, D A Cooper, K Chokephaibulkit, V Sirisanthana, P Suntarattiwong, M Cotton, C Giaquinto, R Lolekha, L Fox, A Ojumu, J E Bupp, N Weatherall, M Ussery, L M Mofenson, P Brouwers, W T Shearer, V G Valcour, R Paul, K Pattanapanyasat, N Sakulploy, J M McNicholl, K Ruxrungtham, J Ananworanich, T Puthanakit, C Thanee, A Klinklom, C Pancharoen, T Bunupuradah, S J Kerr, J van der Lugt, T Chuenyam, S Ubolyam, A Mahanontharit, T Suwanlerk, J Intasan, T Jupimai, P Intakan, T Hirunyanulux, C Sriheara, A Uanithirat, P Boonrak, O Rit-im, C Phadungphon, W Thongsee, O Chaiya, T Sattong, K Nantapisan, A Piromwong, N Kuljarusiri, S Aryukarn, S Sripanom, N Naknoi, S Muangtokit, S Kumkrung, P Chaemsai, J Wongsawat, R Sunthornkachit, V Moolasart, N Siripongpreeda, S Thongyen, P Chathaisong, V Prommool, D Suwannamass, S Waradejwinyoo, N Boonyarittipat, T Chiewcharn, S Likanonsakul, C Athichathana, B Eampokalap, W Sanchiem, P Kosalaraksa, P Lumbiganon, C Engchanil, P Tharnprisan, C Sopharak, V Lulitanond, S Khahmahpahte, R Kaewmart, P Chaimanee, M Sala, T Udompanit, R Wisai, S Rattanamanee, Y Chantarasuk, S Sarvok, Y Changtrakun, S Kunhasura, S Kamollert, W Luesomboon, P Eiamapichart, T Jadwattanakul, I Limpet-ngam, D Naraporn, P Mathajittiphun, C Sirimaskul, W Klaihong, P Sittisak, T Wongwian, K Charoenthammachoke, P Yodpo, S Kanjanavanit, M Ananthanavanich, P Sornchai, T Namwong, D Chutima, S Tangmankhongworakun, P Yingyong, J Kasinrerk, M Raksasang, P Kongdong, S Khampangkome, S Thong-Ngao, S Paengta, K Junsom, R Khuankaew, P Moolsombat, D Khuttiwung, C Chanrin, R Hansudewechakul, Y Jariyapongpaiboon, C Chanta, A Khonponoi, C Yodsuwan, W Srisuk, P Ussawawuthipong, Y Thaweesombat, P Tongsuk, C Kumluang, R Jinasen, N Maneerat, K Surapanichadul, P Donkaew, S Vonthanak, U Vibol, S Sophan, P Boren, K Chettra, L Phary, T Roeun, T Sunly, M Chandara, C Sokheng, K Sokoeun, T Sotharin, S Vonthanak, U Vibol, V Bun, S C Meng, K Chettra, S Phan, W I Vong, K Dyna, C Ngampiyasakul, N Srisawat, W Chamjamrat, S Wattanayothin, P Prasertphan, T Wongcheeree, P Greetanukroh, C Imubumroong, P Teirsonsern, Jintanat Ananworanich, Tanakorn Apornpong, Pope Kosalaraksa, Tanyathip Jaimulwong, Rawiwan Hansudewechakul, Chitsanu Pancharoen, Torsak Bunupuradah, Mom Chandara, Thanyawee Puthanakit, Chaiwat Ngampiyasakul, Jurai Wongsawat, Suparat Kanjanavanit, Wicharn Luesomboon, Phennapha Klangsinsirikul, Nicole Ngo-Giang-Huong, Stephen J Kerr, Sasiwimol Ubolyam, Tawan Mengthaisong, Rebecca S Gelman, Kovit Pattanapanyasat, Vonthanak Saphonn, Kiat Ruxrungtham, William T Shearer, PREDICT Study Group, P Phanuphak, K Ruxrungtham, M C Vun, V Saphonn, J Kaldor, D A Cooper, K Chokephaibulkit, V Sirisanthana, P Suntarattiwong, M Cotton, C Giaquinto, R Lolekha, L Fox, A Ojumu, J E Bupp, N Weatherall, M Ussery, L M Mofenson, P Brouwers, W T Shearer, V G Valcour, R Paul, K Pattanapanyasat, N Sakulploy, J M McNicholl, K Ruxrungtham, J Ananworanich, T Puthanakit, C Thanee, A Klinklom, C Pancharoen, T Bunupuradah, S J Kerr, J van der Lugt, T Chuenyam, S Ubolyam, A Mahanontharit, T Suwanlerk, J Intasan, T Jupimai, P Intakan, T Hirunyanulux, C Sriheara, A Uanithirat, P Boonrak, O Rit-im, C Phadungphon, W Thongsee, O Chaiya, T Sattong, K Nantapisan, A Piromwong, N Kuljarusiri, S Aryukarn, S Sripanom, N Naknoi, S Muangtokit, S Kumkrung, P Chaemsai, J Wongsawat, R Sunthornkachit, V Moolasart, N Siripongpreeda, S Thongyen, P Chathaisong, V Prommool, D Suwannamass, S Waradejwinyoo, N Boonyarittipat, T Chiewcharn, S Likanonsakul, C Athichathana, B Eampokalap, W Sanchiem, P Kosalaraksa, P Lumbiganon, C Engchanil, P Tharnprisan, C Sopharak, V Lulitanond, S Khahmahpahte, R Kaewmart, P Chaimanee, M Sala, T Udompanit, R Wisai, S Rattanamanee, Y Chantarasuk, S Sarvok, Y Changtrakun, S Kunhasura, S Kamollert, W Luesomboon, P Eiamapichart, T Jadwattanakul, I Limpet-ngam, D Naraporn, P Mathajittiphun, C Sirimaskul, W Klaihong, P Sittisak, T Wongwian, K Charoenthammachoke, P Yodpo, S Kanjanavanit, M Ananthanavanich, P Sornchai, T Namwong, D Chutima, S Tangmankhongworakun, P Yingyong, J Kasinrerk, M Raksasang, P Kongdong, S Khampangkome, S Thong-Ngao, S Paengta, K Junsom, R Khuankaew, P Moolsombat, D Khuttiwung, C Chanrin, R Hansudewechakul, Y Jariyapongpaiboon, C Chanta, A Khonponoi, C Yodsuwan, W Srisuk, P Ussawawuthipong, Y Thaweesombat, P Tongsuk, C Kumluang, R Jinasen, N Maneerat, K Surapanichadul, P Donkaew, S Vonthanak, U Vibol, S Sophan, P Boren, K Chettra, L Phary, T Roeun, T Sunly, M Chandara, C Sokheng, K Sokoeun, T Sotharin, S Vonthanak, U Vibol, V Bun, S C Meng, K Chettra, S Phan, W I Vong, K Dyna, C Ngampiyasakul, N Srisawat, W Chamjamrat, S Wattanayothin, P Prasertphan, T Wongcheeree, P Greetanukroh, C Imubumroong, P Teirsonsern

Abstract

Background: There are limited data on the immune profiles of HIV-positive children compared with healthy controls, and no such data for Asian children.

Objectives: To immunophenotype HIV-positive Asian children, including long-term nonprogressors (LTNPs), compared with age-matched healthy controls.

Methods: We used flow cytometry to analyze 13 lymphocyte and monocyte subsets from 222 untreated, HIV-positive children with 15% to 24% CD4(+) T cells and no AIDS-related illnesses and 142 healthy children (controls). Data were compared among age categories. Profiles from LTNPs (n = 50), defined as children ≥8 years old with CD4(+) T-cell counts ≥350 cells/mm(3), were compared with data from age-matched non-LTNPs (n = 17) and controls (n = 53).

Results: Compared with controls, HIV-positive children had lower values (cell count per mm(3) and percent distribution) for T(H) cells and higher values for cytotoxic T cells, with reductions in populations of naive T(H) and cytotoxic T cells, B cells, and natural killer (NK) cells. HIV-positive children had high values for activated T(H) and cytotoxic T cells. Compared with non-LTNPs, LTNPs had higher values of T(H) and cytotoxic T cells, naive and memory T-cell subsets, and B and NK cells. Surprisingly, counts of activated T(H) and cytotoxic T cells were also higher among LTNPs. LNTPs were more frequently male.

Conclusion: Untreated, HIV-infected Asian children have immune profiles that differ from those of controls, characterized by low values for T(H) cells, naive T cells, B cells, and NK cells but high values for cytotoxic, activated T(H), and cytotoxic T cells. The higher values for activated T cells observed in LTNPs require confirmation in longitudinal studies.

Trial registration: ClinicalTrials.gov NCT00234091.