Immediate post-exercise blood pressure and arterial compliance in middle-aged and older normotensive females: A cross-sectional study

Eduardo C Costa, Kevin F Boreskie, D Scott Kehler, David E Kent, Jacqueline L Hay, Rakesh C Arora, Rodrigo A V Browne, Todd A Duhamel, Eduardo C Costa, Kevin F Boreskie, D Scott Kehler, David E Kent, Jacqueline L Hay, Rakesh C Arora, Rodrigo A V Browne, Todd A Duhamel

Abstract

This study examined whether immediate post-exercise systolic blood pressure (SBP) is associated with arterial compliance in middle-aged and older normotensive females. A total of 548 normotensive, non-frail females aged 55 years and older with no previous history of cardiovascular disease (CVD) participated in this cross-sectional study. Large and small arterial compliance were assessed by pulse wave analysis. Reduced arterial compliance was defined based on age and sex cutoffs. SBP was measured at rest and immediately following a 3-min moderate step-test. CVD risk factors were also assessed (e.g. resting systolic and diastolic BP, fasting glucose, triglycerides, cholesterol, body mass index). A total of 15.1% and 44.0% of the participants showed reduced large and small artery compliance, respectively. Immediate post-exercise SBP was associated with reduced large (OR 1.02 per 1 mmHg increase in post-exercise SBP, 95%CI 1.01-1.04; p = 0.010) and small (OR 1.02 per 1 mmHg increase in post-exercise SBP, 95%CI 1.00-1.03; p = 0.008) arterial compliance. Participants with highest immediate post-exercise SBP (quartile 4; i.e. ≥ 165 mmHg) showed increased odds ratios for reduced large (2.67, 95%CI 1.03-6.94; p = 0.043) and small (2.27, 95%CI 1.22-4.21; p = 0.010) arterial compliance compared to those with the lowest immediate post-exercise SBP (quartile 1; i.e. ≤ 140 mmHg), independent of other established CVD risk factors. Immediate post-exercise SBP following a brief moderate step-test seems to be able to discriminate reduced arterial compliance in middle-aged and older normotensive females.

Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare no competing interests.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Odds ratio for reduced small and large arterial compliance according to quartiles of immediate post-exercise systolic blood pressure (n = 548). Quartile 1 (Q1): immediate post-exercise systolic BP ≤ 140 mmHg; Quartile 2 (Q2): immediate post-exercise systolic BP 141-153 mmHg; Quartile 3 (Q3): `–164; Quartile 4 (Q4): immediate post-exercise systolic BP ≥ 165 mmHg. *Different from Q1 (p aAnalysis adjusted for body mass index, resting systolic blood pressure, total cholesterol, 6-minute walking test, frailty status, and smoking. Goodness of fit of the model: p < 0.001 in Omnibus test and p = 0.837 in Hosmer-Lemeshow test. bAnalysis adjusted for age, body mass index, and resting systolic blood pressure. Goodness of fit of the model: p < 0.001 in Omnibus test and p = 0.344 in Hosmer-Lemeshow test.
Figure 2
Figure 2
Odds ratio for reduced small and large arterial compliance according to per-mmHg increase in immediate post-exercise systolic blood pressure (n = 548). aAnalysis adjusted for body mass index, resting systolic blood pressure, total cholesterol, 6-minute walking test, frailty status, and smoking. Goodness of fit of the model: p < 0.001 in Omnibus test and p = 0.848 in Hosmer-Lemeshow test. bAnalysis adjusted for age, body mass index, and resting systolic blood pressure. Goodness of fit of the model: p < 0.001 in Omnibus test and p = 0.534 in Hosmer-Lemeshow test.

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