A defined mechanistic correlate of protection against Plasmodium falciparum malaria in non-human primates
Alexander D Douglas, G Christian Baldeviano, Jing Jin, Kazutoyo Miura, Ababacar Diouf, Zenon A Zenonos, Julio A Ventocilla, Sarah E Silk, Jennifer M Marshall, Daniel G W Alanine, Chuan Wang, Nick J Edwards, Karina P Leiva, Luis A Gomez-Puerta, Carmen M Lucas, Gavin J Wright, Carole A Long, Joseph M Royal, Simon J Draper, Alexander D Douglas, G Christian Baldeviano, Jing Jin, Kazutoyo Miura, Ababacar Diouf, Zenon A Zenonos, Julio A Ventocilla, Sarah E Silk, Jennifer M Marshall, Daniel G W Alanine, Chuan Wang, Nick J Edwards, Karina P Leiva, Luis A Gomez-Puerta, Carmen M Lucas, Gavin J Wright, Carole A Long, Joseph M Royal, Simon J Draper
Abstract
Malaria vaccine design and prioritization has been hindered by the lack of a mechanistic correlate of protection. We previously demonstrated a strong association between protection and merozoite-neutralizing antibody responses following vaccination of non-human primates against Plasmodium falciparum reticulocyte binding protein homolog 5 (PfRH5). Here, we test the mechanism of protection. Using mutant human IgG1 Fc regions engineered not to engage complement or FcR-dependent effector mechanisms, we produce merozoite-neutralizing and non-neutralizing anti-PfRH5 chimeric monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) and perform a passive transfer-P. falciparum challenge study in Aotus nancymaae monkeys. At the highest dose tested, 6/6 animals given the neutralizing PfRH5-binding mAb c2AC7 survive the challenge without treatment, compared to 0/6 animals given non-neutralizing PfRH5-binding mAb c4BA7 and 0/6 animals given an isotype control mAb. Our results address the controversy regarding whether merozoite-neutralizing antibody can cause protection against P. falciparum blood-stage infections, and highlight the quantitative challenge of achieving such protection.
Conflict of interest statement
A.D.D., D.G.W.A., G.J.W., and S.J.D. are named inventors on patents relating to use of PfRH5 vaccines and anti-PfRH5 antibodies for prevention or treatment of malaria. The remaining authors declare no competing interests.
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References
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