The Effect of Regular Exercise on Insulin Sensitivity in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Kimberley L Way, Daniel A Hackett, Michael K Baker, Nathan A Johnson, Kimberley L Way, Daniel A Hackett, Michael K Baker, Nathan A Johnson

Abstract

The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of regular exercise training on insulin sensitivity in adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) using the pooled data available from randomised controlled trials. In addition, we sought to determine whether short-term periods of physical inactivity diminish the exercise-induced improvement in insulin sensitivity. Eligible trials included exercise interventions that involved ≥3 exercise sessions, and reported a dynamic measurement of insulin sensitivity. There was a significant pooled effect size (ES) for the effect of exercise on insulin sensitivity (ES, -0.588; 95% confidence interval [CI], -0.816 to -0.359; P<0.001). Of the 14 studies included for meta-analyses, nine studies reported the time of data collection from the last exercise bout. There was a significant improvement in insulin sensitivity in favour of exercise versus control between 48 and 72 hours after exercise (ES, -0.702; 95% CI, -1.392 to -0.012; P=0.046); and this persisted when insulin sensitivity was measured more than 72 hours after the last exercise session (ES, -0.890; 95% CI, -1.675 to -0.105; P=0.026). Regular exercise has a significant benefit on insulin sensitivity in adults with T2DM and this may persist beyond 72 hours after the last exercise session.

Keywords: Aerobic training; Glucose tolerance test; Hyperinsulinaemic euglycaemic clamp; Insulin resistance; Resistance training.

Conflict of interest statement

No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.

Figures

Fig. 1. Exercise versus control on insulin…
Fig. 1. Exercise versus control on insulin sensitivity. ES, effect size; CI, confidence interval.
Fig. 2. The effect of exercise on…
Fig. 2. The effect of exercise on insulin sensitivity (A) 72 hours after the last bout of exercise. ES, effect size; CI, confidence interval.

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