Using motivational interviewing to reduce parental risk related behaviors for early childhood caries: a pilot study

Christine M Blue, Michelle C Arnett, Hiwet Ephrem, Scott Lunos, Chen Ruoqiong, Robert Jones, Christine M Blue, Michelle C Arnett, Hiwet Ephrem, Scott Lunos, Chen Ruoqiong, Robert Jones

Abstract

Background: Decades of epidemiological studies have documented high rates of early childhood caries (ECC) among American Indian and Alaska Native (AIAN) children. The aim of this pilot study was to investigate if a motivational interviewing (MI) intervention improved oral self-care behaviors of AIAN caregivers of infants, and determine if the MI intervention promoted positive changes in caregivers' ECC risk-related behaviors.

Methods: Caregivers of infants presenting for well- child visits in a medical clinic were randomized to treatment and control groups. At the first visit, a caries risk test (CRT) for cariogenic bacteria was completed for both groups. The Parental Care of Child's Teeth (PCCT) was administered at the second visit and used to assess ECC risk-related behaviors. Over the course of four well-child visits, caregivers in the treatment group participated in a MI discussion focusing on behavior changes and desired outcomes for their personal oral health and their child's. The duration of the intervention was 1 year. The control group was given oral health information traditionally provided at well-child visits. At the fourth well-child visit, the CRT and PCCT questionnaire were administered again.

Results: The mean bacterial load for mutans streptococcus (MS) was similar at both visits. A slight reduction in the mean bacterial levels of lactobacilli was observed in both the test and control groups after the last visit, although not at a level of statistical significance. The treatment group showed minimal improvement in child feeding practices and nighttime bottle habits.

Conclusions: Motivational Interviewing had little effect on oral self-care behaviors as measured by bacterial load, nor did MI reduce parental risk related behavior for early childhood caries.

Trial registration: Clinicaltrials.gov# NCT04286256. Retrospectively registered, February 26, 2020.

Keywords: American Indian children; Early childhood caries; Motivational interviewing; Oral health.

Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare that they have no competing interests.

Figures

Fig. 1
Fig. 1
Initial baseline bacterial loads for research subjects

References

    1. Çolak H, Dülgergil ÇT, Dalli M, Hamidi MM. Early childhood caries update: a review of causes, diagnoses, and treatments. J Nat Sci Biol Med. 2013;4(1):29–38. doi: 10.4103/0976-9668.107257.
    1. Young DA, Featherstone JD, Roth JR, et al. Caries management by risk assessment: implementation guidelines. J Calif Dent Assoc. 2007;35(11):799–805.
    1. Isong IA, Luff D, Perrin JM, et al. Parental perspectives of early childhood caries. Clin Pediatr. 2012;51(1):77–85. doi: 10.1177/0009922811417856.
    1. Relvas M, Coelho C, Velazco Henriques C, et al. Cariogenic bacteria and dental health status in adolescents: the role of oral health behaviours. Eur J Paediatr Dent. 2014;15(3):281–287.
    1. Oral Health Care During Pregnancy Expert Workgroup . Oral health care during pregnancy: a National Consensus Statement—Summary of an expert workgroup meeting. Washington, DC: National Maternal and Child Oral Health Resource Center; 2012.
    1. Esin S, Pasini M, Miceli M, et al. Longitudinal study on the effect of oral hygiene measures on the salivary count of microbial species with cariogenic potential. J Biol Regul Homeost Agents. 2018;32(6):1407–1420.
    1. Azevedo M, Romano A, Correa M, Santos IS, Cenci M. Evaluation of a feasible educational intervention in preventing early childhood caries. Braz Oral Res. 2015;29(1):1–8.
    1. Bugis BA. Early childhood caries and the impact of current U.S. Medicaid program: an overview. Int J Dent. 2012;2012:348237.
    1. Office of Revisor of Statutes, Minnesota. Minnesota Board of Dentistry Statutes; 2010 [Chapters 150A and 319B].
    1. Phipps KR, Ricks RL: The oral health of American Indian and Alaska Native children aged 1–5 years: results of the 2014 IHS Oral Health Survey. Indian Health Service data brief; 2015. [] Accessed 6 June 2017.
    1. Schroth RJ, Halchuk S, Star L. Prevalence and risk factors of caregiver reported severe early childhood caries in Manitoba first nations children: results from the RHS phase 2 (2008–2010) Int JCircumpolar Health. 2013;72:1.
    1. Robertson LD, Phipps KR, Oh J, Loesche WJ, Kaciroti N, Symington JM. Using chlorhexidine varnish to prevent early childhood caries in American Indian children. J Public Health Dent. 2012;73(1):24–31. doi: 10.1111/j.1752-7325.2012.00348.x.
    1. Ismail AI, Ondersma S, Jedele JMRJ, Little RJ, Lepkowski JM. Evaluation of a brief tailored motivational intervention to prevent early childhood caries. Community Dent Oral Epidemiol. 2011;39(5):433–448. doi: 10.1111/j.1600-0528.2011.00613.x.
    1. Harrison R, Veronneau J, Leroux B. Effectiveness of maternal counseling in reducing caries in cree children. J Dent Res. 2012:1032–7.
    1. Colvara BC, Faustino-Silva DD, Meyer E, Hugo FN, Hilgert JB, Celeste RK. Motivational interviewing in preventing early childhood caries in primary healthcare: a community-based randomized cluster trial. J Pediatrics. 2018;201:190–195. doi: 10.1016/j.jpeds.2018.05.016.
    1. Miller WR, Rollnick S. Motivational interviewing helping people change. 3. New York: The Guilford Press; 2013.
    1. Lindson-Hawley N, Thompson TP, Begh R. Motivational interviewing for smoking cessation. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2015;3:1–78.
    1. Resnicow K, McMaster F, Bocian A, Harris D, Zhou Y, Snetselaar L, et al. Motivational interviewing and dietary counseling for obesity in primary care: an RCT. Pediatrics. 2015;135:649–657. doi: 10.1542/peds.2014-1880.
    1. Neff JA, Walters ST, Braitman AL, Kelley ML, Paulson JF, Brickhouse TH, et al. A brief motivational intervention for heavy alcohol use in dental practice settings: rationale and development. J Health Psychol. 2013;18:542–553. doi: 10.1177/1359105312452314.
    1. American Academy of Pediatric Dentistry Policy on the dental home. Pediatr Dent. 2015;37(special issue):24–25.
    1. Cannon M, Trent B, Vorachek A, et al. Effectiveness of CRT at measuring the salivary level of bacteria in caries prone children with probiotic therapy. J Clin Pediatr Dent. 2013;38(1):55–60. doi: 10.17796/jcpd.38.1.b481624264142082.
    1. Freudentahl J, Bowen BM. Motivational interviewing to decrease parental risk-related behaviors for early childhood caries. J Den Hyg. 2010;84(1):29–34.
    1. Naidu R, Nunn J, Irwin JD. The effect of motivational interviewing on oral healthcare knowledge, attitudes, and behaviour of parents and caregivers of pre-school children: an exploratory cluster randomised controlled study. BMC Oral Health. 2015;15(101):1–15.
    1. Wilson A, Brega A, Batliner TS, Henderson W, Campagna MS, Fehringer K, Gallegos J, Daniels D, Albino J. Assessment of prenatal Oral health knowledge and behaviors among American Indians of a North Plains tribe. J Public Health Dent. 2014;74(2):159–167. doi: 10.1111/jphd.12040.
    1. Albino J, Tiwari T. Preventing childhood caries a review of recent behavioral research. J Dent Res. 2016;95(1):35–42. doi: 10.1177/0022034515609034.
    1. Henshaw MM, Borrelli B, Gregorich SE, Heaton B, Tooley EM, Santo W, Cheng NF, Rasmussen M, Helman S, Shain S, Garcia RI. Randomized trial of motivational interviewing to prevent early childhood caries in public housing. JDR Clin Trans Res. 2018;3(4):353–365.
    1. Albino J, Tiwari T, Henderson WG, Thomas JF, Braun PA, Batliner TS. Parental psychosocial factors and childhood caries prevention: data from an American Indian population. Community Dent Oral Epidemiol. 2018;00:1–9.

Source: PubMed

Sponsors en medewerkers

Medische omstandigheden

Geneesmiddelinterventies

3
Abonneren