Aging differentially affects human skeletal muscle amino acid transporter expression when essential amino acids are ingested after exercise
Jared M Dickinson, Micah J Drummond, Jennifer R Coben, Elena Volpi, Blake B Rasmussen, Jared M Dickinson, Micah J Drummond, Jennifer R Coben, Elena Volpi, Blake B Rasmussen
Abstract
Background & aims: Amino acid transporters have been proposed as regulators of protein synthesis. The primary aim of this study was to determine whether amino acid transporter expression is increased in human muscle following resistance exercise (RE) coupled with essential amino acid (EAA) ingestion, and whether a differential response occurs with aging. Secondly, we aimed to compare this response to a previous study examining RE alone.
Methods: Young (n = 7, 30 ± 2 yr) and older men (n = 6, 70 ± 2 yr) ingested EAA 1 h after RE. Muscle biopsies were obtained at rest and 3 and 6 h post exercise to examine amino acid transporter mRNA and protein expression.
Results: In both age groups, RE + EAA increased mRNA of L-type amino acid transporter 1 (LAT1)/solute linked carrier (SLC)7A5, sodium-coupled neutral amino acid transporter 2 (SNAT2)/SLC38A2, and cationic amino acid transporter 1/SLC7A1 (p < 0.05). SNAT2 protein increased in young at 3 and 6 h (p < 0.05), whereas old maintained higher LAT1 protein (p < 0.05). Compared to RE alone, RE + EAA enhanced amino acid transporter expression only in young (p < 0.05).
Conclusions: RE increases muscle amino acid transporter expression in young and older adults, however, post exercise EAA ingestion enhances amino acid transporter expression only in young indicating that aging may influence the function of specific amino acid transporters.
Conflict of interest statement
CONFLICT OF INTEREST
The authors declare no conflicts of interest.
Copyright © 2012 Elsevier Ltd and European Society for Clinical Nutrition and Metabolism. All rights reserved.
Figures
L-type amino acid transporter 1 (LAT1)/solute-linked carrier (SLC)7A5 mRNA (A) and protein (B) expression and CD98/SLC3A2 mRNA expression (C) in the skeletal muscle of young and older men. Subjects performed a bout of resistance exercise and ingested 20 g of essential amino acids following the exercise bout. Time points along the x-axis correspond to pre exercise (basal) and 3 and 6 h post exercise. Data are mean ± SE and represent fold change from basal. Young Men, n = 6; Older Men n = 6. *Significantly different from basal (p Figure 2
Figure 2
Sodium-coupled neutral amino acid transporter…
Figure 2
Sodium-coupled neutral amino acid transporter 2 (SNAT2)/solute-linked carrier (SLC)38A2 mRNA (A) and protein…
Sodium-coupled neutral amino acid transporter 2 (SNAT2)/solute-linked carrier (SLC)38A2 mRNA (A) and protein (B) expression in the skeletal muscle of young and older men. Subjects performed a bout of resistance exercise and ingested 20 g of essential amino acids following the exercise bout. Time points along the x-axis correspond to pre exercise (basal) and 3 and 6 h post exercise. Data are mean ± SE and represent fold change from basal. Young Men, n = 6; Older Men n = 6. ‡Significant time effect vs. basal (p Figure 3
Figure 3
Proton-assisted amino acid transporter 1…
Figure 3
Proton-assisted amino acid transporter 1 (PAT1)/solute-linked carrier (SLC)36A1 mRNA (A) and cationic amino…
Proton-assisted amino acid transporter 1 (PAT1)/solute-linked carrier (SLC)36A1 mRNA (A) and cationic amino acid transporter 1 (CAT1)/SLC36A1 mRNA (B) expression in the skeletal muscle of young and older men. Subjects performed a bout of resistance exercise and ingested 20 g of essential amino acids following the exercise bout. Time points along the x-axis correspond to pre exercise (basal) and 3 and 6 h post exercise. Data are mean ± SE and represent fold change from basal. Young Men, n = 6; Older Men n = 6. *Significantly different from basal (p
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Publication types
- Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural
- Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
- Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S.
MeSH terms
- Adult
- Aged
- Aging*
- Amino Acid Transport Systems / genetics
- Amino Acid Transport Systems / metabolism*
- Amino Acids, Essential / administration & dosage*
- Amino Acids, Essential / blood
- Blood Glucose / analysis
- Exercise / physiology*
- Humans
- Leucine / blood
- Male
- Muscle Proteins / biosynthesis
- Muscle, Skeletal / metabolism*
- Protein Biosynthesis
- RNA, Messenger / genetics
- RNA, Messenger / metabolism
- Rest / physiology
Substances
- Amino Acid Transport Systems
- Amino Acids, Essential
- Blood Glucose
- Muscle Proteins
- RNA, Messenger
- Leucine
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Sodium-coupled neutral amino acid transporter 2 (SNAT2)/solute-linked carrier (SLC)38A2 mRNA (A) and protein (B) expression in the skeletal muscle of young and older men. Subjects performed a bout of resistance exercise and ingested 20 g of essential amino acids following the exercise bout. Time points along the x-axis correspond to pre exercise (basal) and 3 and 6 h post exercise. Data are mean ± SE and represent fold change from basal. Young Men, n = 6; Older Men n = 6. ‡Significant time effect vs. basal (p Figure 3
Figure 3
Proton-assisted amino acid transporter 1…
Figure 3
Proton-assisted amino acid transporter 1 (PAT1)/solute-linked carrier (SLC)36A1 mRNA (A) and cationic amino…
Proton-assisted amino acid transporter 1 (PAT1)/solute-linked carrier (SLC)36A1 mRNA (A) and cationic amino acid transporter 1 (CAT1)/SLC36A1 mRNA (B) expression in the skeletal muscle of young and older men. Subjects performed a bout of resistance exercise and ingested 20 g of essential amino acids following the exercise bout. Time points along the x-axis correspond to pre exercise (basal) and 3 and 6 h post exercise. Data are mean ± SE and represent fold change from basal. Young Men, n = 6; Older Men n = 6. *Significantly different from basal (p
Similar articles
- An increase in essential amino acid availability upregulates amino acid transporter expression in human skeletal muscle.Drummond MJ, Glynn EL, Fry CS, Timmerman KL, Volpi E, Rasmussen BB. Drummond MJ, et al. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab. 2010 May;298(5):E1011-8. doi: 10.1152/ajpendo.00690.2009. Epub 2010 Feb 9. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab. 2010. PMID: 20304764 Free PMC article.
- Skeletal muscle amino acid transporter expression is increased in young and older adults following resistance exercise.Drummond MJ, Fry CS, Glynn EL, Timmerman KL, Dickinson JM, Walker DK, Gundermann DM, Volpi E, Rasmussen BB. Drummond MJ, et al. J Appl Physiol (1985). 2011 Jul;111(1):135-42. doi: 10.1152/japplphysiol.01408.2010. Epub 2011 Apr 28. J Appl Physiol (1985). 2011. PMID: 21527663 Free PMC article.
- Expression of growth-related genes in young and older human skeletal muscle following an acute stimulation of protein synthesis.Drummond MJ, Miyazaki M, Dreyer HC, Pennings B, Dhanani S, Volpi E, Esser KA, Rasmussen BB. Drummond MJ, et al. J Appl Physiol (1985). 2009 Apr;106(4):1403-11. doi: 10.1152/japplphysiol.90842.2008. Epub 2008 Sep 11. J Appl Physiol (1985). 2009. PMID: 18787087 Free PMC article.
- Exercise, amino acids, and aging in the control of human muscle protein synthesis.Walker DK, Dickinson JM, Timmerman KL, Drummond MJ, Reidy PT, Fry CS, Gundermann DM, Rasmussen BB. Walker DK, et al. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2011 Dec;43(12):2249-58. doi: 10.1249/MSS.0b013e318223b037. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2011. PMID: 21606874 Free PMC article. Review.
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- Intakes of Total and Branched-Chain Essential Amino Acids are Positively Associated with Handgrip Strength in African American and White Urban Younger and Older Adults.Kuczmarski MF, Beydoun MA, Zonderman AB, Evans MK. Kuczmarski MF, et al. J Nutr Gerontol Geriatr. 2022 Apr-Jun;41(2):140-159. doi: 10.1080/21551197.2022.2070321. Epub 2022 May 3. J Nutr Gerontol Geriatr. 2022. PMID: 35502538
- The effects of gestational diabetes mellitus with maternal age between 35 and 40 years on the metabolite profiles of plasma and urine.He XL, Hu XJ, Luo BY, Xia YY, Zhang T, Saffery R, De Seymour J, Zou Z, Xu G, Zhao X, Qi HB, Han TL, Zhang H, Baker PN. He XL, et al. BMC Pregnancy Childbirth. 2022 Mar 2;22(1):174. doi: 10.1186/s12884-022-04416-5. BMC Pregnancy Childbirth. 2022. PMID: 35236326 Free PMC article.
- LAT1 and SNAT2 Protein Expression and Membrane Localization of LAT1 Are Not Acutely Altered by Dietary Amino Acids or Resistance Exercise Nor Positively Associated with Leucine or Phenylalanine Incorporation in Human Skeletal Muscle.Mazzulla M, Hodson N, Lees M, Scaife PJ, Smith K, Atherton PJ, Kumbhare D, Moore DR. Mazzulla M, et al. Nutrients. 2021 Oct 30;13(11):3906. doi: 10.3390/nu13113906. Nutrients. 2021. PMID: 34836160 Free PMC article.
Publication types
- Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural
- Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
- Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S.
MeSH terms
- Adult
- Aged
- Aging*
- Amino Acid Transport Systems / genetics
- Amino Acid Transport Systems / metabolism*
- Amino Acids, Essential / administration & dosage*
- Amino Acids, Essential / blood
- Blood Glucose / analysis
- Exercise / physiology*
- Humans
- Leucine / blood
- Male
- Muscle Proteins / biosynthesis
- Muscle, Skeletal / metabolism*
- Protein Biosynthesis
- RNA, Messenger / genetics
- RNA, Messenger / metabolism
- Rest / physiology
Substances
- Amino Acid Transport Systems
- Amino Acids, Essential
- Blood Glucose
- Muscle Proteins
- RNA, Messenger
- Leucine
Related information
Grant support
Show all 10 grants
LinkOut - more resources
- Full Text Sources
- Other Literature Sources
- Medical
- Research Materials
Full text links [x]
[x]
Cite
Copy Download .nbib
Format: AMA APA MLA NLM
Send To [x]
Proton-assisted amino acid transporter 1 (PAT1)/solute-linked carrier (SLC)36A1 mRNA (A) and cationic amino acid transporter 1 (CAT1)/SLC36A1 mRNA (B) expression in the skeletal muscle of young and older men. Subjects performed a bout of resistance exercise and ingested 20 g of essential amino acids following the exercise bout. Time points along the x-axis correspond to pre exercise (basal) and 3 and 6 h post exercise. Data are mean ± SE and represent fold change from basal. Young Men, n = 6; Older Men n = 6. *Significantly different from basal (p
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