Modified 30-second Sit to Stand test predicts falls in a cohort of institutionalized older veterans

Eva V Applebaum, Dominic Breton, Zhuo Wei Feng, An-Tchi Ta, Kayley Walsh, Kathleen Chassé, Shawn M Robbins, Eva V Applebaum, Dominic Breton, Zhuo Wei Feng, An-Tchi Ta, Kayley Walsh, Kathleen Chassé, Shawn M Robbins

Abstract

Physical function performance tests, including sit to stand tests and Timed Up and Go, assess the functional capacity of older adults. Their ability to predict falls warrants further investigation. The objective was to determine if a modified 30-second Sit to Stand test that allowed upper extremity use and Timed Up and Go test predicted falls in institutionalized Veterans. Fifty-three older adult Veterans (mean age = 91 years, 49 men) residing in a long-term care hospital completed modified 30-second Sit to Stand and Timed Up and Go tests. The number of falls over one year was collected. The ability of modified 30-second Sit to Stand or Timed Up and Go to predict if participants had fallen was examined using logistic regression. The ability of these tests to predict the number of falls was examined using negative binomial regression. Both analyses controlled for age, history of falls, cognition, and comorbidities. The modified 30-second Sit to Stand was significantly (p < 0.05) related to if participants fell (odds ratio = 0.75, 95% confidence interval = 0.58, 0.97) and the number of falls (incidence rate ratio = 0.82, 95% confidence interval = 0.68, 0.98); decreased repetitions were associated with increased number of falls. Timed Up and Go was not significantly (p > 0.05) related to if participants fell (odds ratio = 1.03, 95% confidence interval = 0.96, 1.10) or the number of falls (incidence rate ratio = 1.01, 95% confidence interval = 0.98, 1.05). The modified 30-second Sit to Stand that allowed upper extremity use offers an alternative method to screen for fall risk in older adults in long-term care.

Conflict of interest statement

Competing Interests: The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.

Figures

Fig 1. Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) curves…
Fig 1. Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) curves for the modified 30-second Sit to Stand (m30STS; thick, solid, black line) and Timed Up and Go (TUG; thick, dashed, red line).
The thin, solid, grey line represents if a random variable was used to predict fall status, which would have an area under the curve of 0.50.

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