A phase I trial to determine the safety, tolerability, and maximum tolerated dose of deforolimus in patients with advanced malignancies

Abstract

Purpose: This was a phase I trial to determine the maximum tolerated dose and toxicity of deforolimus (AP23573, MK-8669), an inhibitor of mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR). The pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics, and antineoplastic effects were also studied.

Experimental design: Deforolimus was administered intravenously over 30 min every 7 days according to a flat dosing schedule. Dose was escalated according to an accelerated titration design. Patients remained on study until disease progression as long as they tolerated the drug without significant toxicities.

Results: Forty-six patients were enrolled on the study. Common side effects included fatigue, anorexia, and mucositis. The maximum tolerated dose was 75 mg and mucositis was the dose-limiting toxicity. Similar to other mTOR inhibitors, deforolimus exhibited nonlinear pharmacokinetics and a prolonged half-life. Among 34 patients evaluable for response, 1 patient had a partial response, 21 patients had stable disease, and 12 had progressed. Percent change in tumor size was significantly associated with AUC (P=0.015). A significant association was also detected for maximum change in cholesterol within the first two cycles of therapy and change in tumor size (r=-0.38; P=0.029).

Conclusions: Deforolimus was well tolerated on the schedule tested in this trial with toxicity and pharmacokinetic profiles that were similar to that of other mTOR inhibitors. Additional phase II studies are needed to determine if deforolimus is superior to other mTOR inhibitors in terms of efficacy. The change in serum cholesterol as a potential biomarker of activity should be studied further.

Figures

Fig. 1

A, percentage change in the sum of target lesions after two cycles of deforolimus compared with baseline according to dose level. The effect of dose on tumor response was not significant (n = 33; r = −0.19; P = 0.28). B, percent change in the sum of target lesions after two cycles of deforolimus compared with baseline according to AUC. The association between AUC and change in tumor size was significant (n = 32; r = −0.43; P =0.015).

Fig. 2

Maximum change in cholesterol and percent change in the sum of target lesions after two cycles of deforolimus compared with baseline. The correlation is statistically significant (n = 33; r = −0.38; P = 0.029).