A T cell-inducing influenza vaccine for the elderly: safety and immunogenicity of MVA-NP+M1 in adults aged over 50 years
Richard D Antrobus, Patrick J Lillie, Tamara K Berthoud, Alexandra J Spencer, James E McLaren, Kristin Ladell, Teresa Lambe, Anita Milicic, David A Price, Adrian V S Hill, Sarah C Gilbert, Richard D Antrobus, Patrick J Lillie, Tamara K Berthoud, Alexandra J Spencer, James E McLaren, Kristin Ladell, Teresa Lambe, Anita Milicic, David A Price, Adrian V S Hill, Sarah C Gilbert
Abstract
Background: Current influenza vaccines have reduced immunogenicity and are of uncertain efficacy in older adults. We assessed the safety and immunogenicity of MVA-NP+M1, a viral-vectored influenza vaccine designed to boost memory T cell responses, in a group of older adults.
Methods: Thirty volunteers (aged 50-85) received a single intramuscular injection of MVA-NP+M1 at a dose of 1·5×10(8) plaque forming units (pfu). Safety and immunogenicity were assessed over a period of one year. The frequency of T cells specific for nucleoprotein (NP) and matrix protein 1 (M1) was determined by interferon-gamma (IFN-γ) ELISpot, and their phenotypic and functional properties were characterized by polychromatic flow cytometry. In a subset of M1-specific CD8(+) T cells, T cell receptor (TCR) gene expression was evaluated using an unbiased molecular approach.
Results: Vaccination with MVA-NP+M1 was well tolerated. ELISpot responses were boosted significantly above baseline following vaccination. Increases were detected in both CD4(+) and CD8(+) T cell subsets. Clonality studies indicated that MVA-NP+M1 expanded pre-existing memory CD8(+) T cells, which displayed a predominant CD27(+)CD45RO(+)CD57(-)CCR7(-) phenotype both before and after vaccination.
Conclusions: MVA-NP+M1 is safe and immunogenic in older adults. Unlike seasonal influenza vaccination, the immune responses generated by MVA-NP+M1 are similar between younger and older individuals. A T cell-inducing vaccine such as MVA-NP+M1 may therefore provide a way to circumvent the immunosenescence that impairs routine influenza vaccination.
Trial registration: ClinicalTrials.gov NCT00942071.
Conflict of interest statement
Competing Interests: SCG and AVSH are named as inventors on patents relating to methods of vaccination, including influenza vaccines: Methods and reagents for vaccination which generate a CD8+ T cell response. 1997 06 07. United States Patent Application 20110159034. Compositions and methods 2007 10 05. United States Patent Application 20100285050. All other authors have declared that no competing interests exist. This does not alter the authors' adherence to all the PLoS ONE policies on sharing data and materials.
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Source: PubMed