Short-term impact of aged garlic extract on endothelial function in diabetes: A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial

Sajad Hamal, Lavanya Cherukuri, Divya Birudaraju, Suguru Matsumoto, April Kinninger, Bhanu T Chaganti, Ferdinand Flores, Kashif Shaikh, Sion K Roy, Matthew J Budoff, Sajad Hamal, Lavanya Cherukuri, Divya Birudaraju, Suguru Matsumoto, April Kinninger, Bhanu T Chaganti, Ferdinand Flores, Kashif Shaikh, Sion K Roy, Matthew J Budoff

Abstract

Impaired endothelial function portends an increased risk of cardiovascular disease. Vascular oxidative stress and systemic inflammation play a critical role in the pathogenesis and progression of vascular disease. Aged garlic extract (AGE) may improve impaired vascular endothelial function, while decreasing the progression of atherosclerotic plaque. We hypothesized that AGE may improve endothelial function, and in this study, we examined this hypothesis to determine whether this can be achieved over a period of 3 months, measured by the cardio-ankle vascular index (CAVI), by reducing intracellular oxidant stress and stimulating nitric oxide generation in endothelial cells. We conducted a double-blinded placebo controlled, randomized clinical trial to investigate the effects of AGE on CAVI in subjects with type 2 diabetes mellitus. A total of 65 individuals (38 men and 27 women) with a mean age of 58.8±11.1 years were enrolled and randomized to the AGE or placebo group in a double-blind placebo controlled trial. An ANOVA model with treatment as the main effect was used to compare changes in CAVI from baseline to follow-up between groups. The primary objective of this study was reduction in CAVI over a 3-month period. In the AGE group, CAVI was reduced on average by 0.71±1.27 vs. a mean reduction of 0.13±0.94 in the placebo group (P=0.04). On the whole, this study demonstrates that AGE has a positive impact on endothelial function in patients with T2DM and may play a role in the primary prevention of cardiovascular disease.

Keywords: diabetes; endothelial function; garlic; randomized trial.

Copyright: © Hamal et al.

Figures

Figure 1.
Figure 1.
Flow chart of the patient cohort of this study.
Figure 2.
Figure 2.
Fit plot of right and left CAVI at visit 1. CAVI, cardio-ankle vascular index.
Figure 3.
Figure 3.
Fit plot of right and left CAVI at visit 2. CAVI, cardio-ankle vascular index.

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