Potential Effects of Natural H2S-Donors in Hypertension Management

Eugenia Piragine, Valentina Citi, Kim Lawson, Vincenzo Calderone, Alma Martelli, Eugenia Piragine, Valentina Citi, Kim Lawson, Vincenzo Calderone, Alma Martelli

Abstract

After the discovery of hydrogen sulfide (H2S) in the central nervous system by Abe and Kimura in 1996, the physiopathological role of H2S has been widely investigated in several systems such as the cardiovascular. In particular, H2S plays a pivotal role in the control of vascular tone, exhibiting mechanisms of action able to induce vasodilation: for instance, activation of potassium channels (KATP and Kv7) and inhibition of 5-phosphodiesterase (5-PDE). These findings paved the way for the research of natural and synthetic exogenous H2S-donors (i.e., molecules able to release H2S) in order to have new tools for the management of hypertension. In this scenario, some natural molecules derived from Alliaceae (i.e., garlic) and Brassicaceae (i.e., rocket or broccoli) botanical families show the profile of slow H2S-donors able to mimic the endogenous production of this gasotransmitter and therefore can be viewed as interesting potential tools for management of hypertension or pre-hypertension. In this article, the preclinical and clinical impacts of these natural H2S-donors on hypertension and vascular integrity have been reviewed in order to give a complete panorama of their potential use for the management of hypertension and related vascular diseases.

Keywords: Alliaceae; Brassicaceae; garlic; hydrogen sulfide; hypertension; isothiocyanates; polysulfides.

Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare no conflict of interest.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Relevant mechanisms of action accounting for the vasodilating effect induced by H2S. KATP = ATP-sensitive potassium channels, Kv7 = voltage-gated potassium channels, 5-PDE = 5-phosphodiesterase enzyme, VEGFR2 = vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2, NO = nitric oxide.
Figure 2
Figure 2
Reaction between diallyl disulfide and glutathione (GSH), yielding the formation of H2S and perthiols, which generate another molecule of H2S and glutathione disulfide (GSSG).
Figure 3
Figure 3
Schematic representation of the reaction between cysteine and organic isothiocyanates (ITCs) leading to the formation of H2S.

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