Microbiological effect of essential oils in combination with subgingival ultrasonic instrumentation and mouth rinsing in chronic periodontitis patients

Toshiya Morozumi, Takehiko Kubota, Daisuke Abe, Taro Shimizu, Kaname Nohno, Hiromasa Yoshie, Toshiya Morozumi, Takehiko Kubota, Daisuke Abe, Taro Shimizu, Kaname Nohno, Hiromasa Yoshie

Abstract

Thirty chronic periodontitis patients were randomly assigned to 3 groups: control, saline, and essential oil-containing antiseptic (EO). Subgingival plaque was collected from a total of 90 pockets across all subjects. Subsequently, subgingival ultrasonic instrumentation (SUI) was performed by using EO or saline as the irrigation agent. After continuous mouth rinsing at home with EO or saline for 7 days, subgingival plaques were sampled again. Periodontopathic bacteria were quantified using the modified Invader PLUS assay. The total bacterial count in shallow pockets (probing pocket depth (PPD) = 4-5 mm) was significantly reduced in both saline (P < 0.05) and EO groups (P < 0.01). The total bacterial count (P < 0.05) and Porphyromonas gingivalis (P < 0.01) and Tannerella forsythia (P < 0.05) count in deep pockets (PPD ≥6 mm) were significantly reduced only in the EO group. In comparisons of the change ratio relative to baseline value of total bacteria counts across categories, both the saline and EO groups for PPD 4-5 mm and the EO group for PPD 6 mm showed a significantly low ratio (P < 0.05). The adjunctive use of EO may be effective in reducing subgingival bacterial counts in both shallow and deep pockets. This trial is registered with UMIN Clinical Trials Registry UMIN000007484.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Intergroup comparisons of the change ratio of subgingival bacterial counts. Intergroup comparisons of percentage changes ratio of subgingival bacterial counts after 7 days relative to the baseline value for total bacteria and selected periodontitis-related bacteria across the 3 categories of periodontal pocket depth. * indicates statistical significance at P < 0.05.

References

    1. Drisko CH. Nonsurgical periodontal therapy. Periodontology 2000. 2001;25(1):77–88.
    1. Socransky SS, Haffajee AD. Dental biofilms: difficult therapeutic targets. Periodontology 2000. 2002;28(1):12–55.
    1. Claffey N, Loos B, Gantes B, Martin M, Heins P, Egelberg J. The relative effects of therapy and periodontal disease on loss of probing attachment after root debridement. Journal of Clinical Periodontology. 1988;15(3):163–169.
    1. Petersilka GJ, Ehmke B, Flemmig TF. Antimicrobial effects of mechanical debridement. Periodontology 2000. 2002;28(1):56–71.
    1. Quirynen M, Teughels W, De Soete M, van Steenberghe D. Topical antiseptics and antibiotics in the initial therapy of chronic adult periodontitis: microbiological aspects. Periodontology 2000. 2002;28(1):72–90.
    1. Slots J, Ting M. Systemic antibiotics in the treatment of periodontal disease. Periodontology 2000. 2002;28(1):106–176.
    1. Taggart JA, Palmer RM, Wilson RF. A clinical and microbiological comparison of the effects of water and 0.02% chlorhexidine as coolants during ultrasonic scaling and root planing. Journal of Clinical Periodontology. 1990;17(1):32–37.
    1. Reynolds MA, Lavigne CK, Minah GE, Suzuki JB. Clinical effects of simultaneous ultrasonic scaling and subgingival irrigation with chlorhexidine. Mediating influence of periodontal probing depth. Journal of Clinical Periodontology. 1992;19(8):595–600.
    1. Guarnelli ME, Franceschetti G, Manfrini R, Trombelli L. Adjunctive effect of chlorhexidine in ultrasonic instrumentation of aggressive periodontitis patients: a pilot study. Journal of Clinical Periodontology. 2008;35(4):333–341.
    1. Rosling BG, Slots J, Christersson LA. Topical antimicrobial therapy and diagnosis of subgingival bacteria in the management of inflammatory periodontal disease. Journal of Clinical Periodontology. 1986;13(10):975–981.
    1. Rosling B, Hellström M-K, Ramberg P, Socransky SS, Lindhe J. The use of PVP-iodine as an adjunct to non-surgical treatment of chronic periodontitis. Journal of Clinical Periodontology. 2001;28(11):1023–1031.
    1. Niedner R. Cytotoxicity and sensitization of povidone-iodine and other frequently used anti-infective agents. Dermatology. 1997;195(supplement 2):89–92.
    1. Nobukuni K, Hayakawa N, Namba R, et al. The influence of long-term treatment with povidone-iodine on thyroid function. Dermatology. 1997;195(supplement 2):69–72.
    1. Clark WB, Magnusson I, Walker CB, Marks RG. Efficacy of Perimed antibacterial system on established gingivitis. Journal of Clinical Periodontology. 1989;16(10):630–635.
    1. Ouhayoun J-P. Penetrating the plaque biofilm: impact of essential oil mouthwash. Journal of Clinical Periodontology. 2003;30(supplement 5):10–12.
    1. Stoeken JE, Paraskevas S, van der Weijden GA. The long-term effect of a mouthrinse containing essential oils on dental plaque and gingivitis: a systematic review. Journal of Periodontology. 2007;78(7):1218–1228.
    1. Dennison DK, Meredith GM, Shillitoe EJ, Caffesse RG. The antiviral spectrum of Listerine antiseptic. Oral Surgery, Oral Medicine, Oral Pathology, Oral Radiology and Endodontics. 1995;79(4):442–448.
    1. Pan P, Barnett ML, Coelho J, Brogdon C, Finnegan MB. Determination of the in situ bactericidal activity of an essential oil mouthrinse using a vital stain method. Journal of Clinical Periodontology. 2000;27(4):256–261.
    1. Ciancio SG, Mather ML, Zambon JJ, Reynolds HS. Effect of a chemotherapeutic agent delivered by an oral irrigation device on plaque, gingivitis, and subgingival microflora. Journal of Periodontology. 1989;60(6):310–315.
    1. Fine JB, Harper DS, Gordon JM, Hovliaras CA, Charles CH. Short-term microbiological and clinical effects of subgingival irrigation with an antimicrobial mouthrinse. Journal of Periodontology. 1994;65(1):30–36.
    1. Cortelli SC, Cortelli JR, Holzhausen M, et al. Essential oils in one-stage full-mouth disinfection: double-blind, randomized clinical trial of long-term clinical, microbial and salivary effects. Journal of Clinical Periodontology. 2009;36(4):333–342.
    1. Morozumi T, Kubota T, Abe D, Shimizu T, Komatsu Y, Yoshie H. Effects of irrigation with an antiseptic and oral administration of azithromycin on bacteremia caused by scaling and root planing. Journal of Periodontology. 2010;81(11):1555–1563.
    1. Tadokoro K, Yamaguchi T, Kawamura K, et al. Rapid quantification of periodontitis-related bacteria using a novel modification of Invader PLUS technologies. Microbiological Research. 2010;165(1):43–49.
    1. Kobayashi T, Shimizu E, Wakabayashi H, Yamauchi K, Iwatsuki K, Yoshie H. Effects of orally administered lactoferrin and lactoperoxidase-containing tablets on clinical and bacteriological profiles in chronic periodontitis patients. International Journal of Dentistry. 2011405139
    1. Lyons SR, Griffen AL, Leys EJ. Quantitative real-time PCR for Porphyromonas gingivalis and total bacteria. Journal of Clinical Microbiology. 2000;38(6):2362–2365.
    1. Johnson GK, Hill M. Cigarette smoking and the periodontal patient. Journal of Periodontology. 2004;75(2):196–209.
    1. Feng HS, Bernardo CC, Sonoda LL, et al. Subgingival ultrasonic instrumentation of residual pockets irrigated with essential oils: a randomized controlled trial. Journal of Clinical Periodontology. 2011;38(7):637–643.
    1. Walmsley AD, Laird WR, Williams AR. A model system to demonstrate the role of cavitational activity in ultrasonic scaling. Journal of Dental Research. 1984;63(9):1162–1165.
    1. Walmsley AD, Laird WR, Williams AR. Dental plaque removal by cavitational activity during ultrasonic scaling. Journal of Clinical Periodontology. 1988;15(9):539–543.
    1. Rhemrev GE, Timmerman MF, Veldkamp I, Van Winkelhoff AJ, Van Der Velden U. Immediate effect of instrumentation on the subgingival microflora in deep inflamed pockets under strict plaque control. Journal of Clinical Periodontology. 2006;33(1):42–48.
    1. Botero JE, Contreras A, Lafaurie G, Jaramillo A, Betancourt M, Arce RM. Occurrence of periodontopathic and superinfecting bacteria in chronic and aggressive periodontitis subjects in a Colombian population. Journal of Periodontology. 2007;78(4):696–704.
    1. Fine DH, Markowitz K, Furgang D, et al. Effect of an essential oil-containing antimicrobial mouthrinse on specific plaque bacteria in vivo. Journal of Clinical Periodontology. 2007;34(8):652–657.
    1. Fine DH, Markowitz K, Furgang D, et al. Effect of rinsing with an essential oil-containing mouthrinse on subgingival periodontopathogens. Journal of Periodontology. 2007;78(10):1935–1942.
    1. Boyd RL, Hollander BN, Eakle WS. Comparison of a subgingivally placed cannula oral irrigator tip with a supragingivally placed standard irrigator tip. Journal of Clinical Periodontology. 1992;19(5):340–344.

Source: PubMed

Sponsors en medewerkers

Medische omstandigheden

Geneesmiddelinterventies

3
Abonneren