Right stellate ganglion block improves learning and memory dysfunction and hippocampal injury in rats with sleep deprivation

Dongsheng Dai, Biqiong Zheng, Zenggui Yu, Shizhu Lin, Yijie Tang, Mengnan Chen, Peng Ke, Chengjie Zheng, Yanqing Chen, Xiaodan Wu, Dongsheng Dai, Biqiong Zheng, Zenggui Yu, Shizhu Lin, Yijie Tang, Mengnan Chen, Peng Ke, Chengjie Zheng, Yanqing Chen, Xiaodan Wu

Abstract

Background: Sleep deprivation (SD) often leads to complex detrimental consequences, though the mechanisms underlying these dysfunctional effects remain largely unknown. We investigated whether the right stellate ganglion block in rats can improve the spatial learning and memory dysfunction induced by sleep deprivation by alleviating the damage of hippocampus in rats.

Methods: Sixty four male Sprague Dawley rats were randomly divided into four groups: Control, SD (sleep deprivation), SGB (stellate ganglion block) and SGB + SD (stellate ganglion block+ sleep deprivation) (n = 16). The SGB and SD + SGB groups were subjected to right stellate ganglion block through posterior approach method once per day. SD and SD + SGB groups were treated with modified multi-platform water environment method for 96 h sleep deprivation in rats and their body weights were analyzed. Histopathological changes of hippocampal neurons in rats and the expression of Caspase-3 in hippocampus of rats was detected by western blotting. ELISA was used to detect the content of IL-6, IL-1 in hippocampus and serum melatonin levels.

Results: Compared with the group SD, the spatial learning and memory function of the group SD + SGB was improved, the weight loss was alleviated, the pathological damage of the hippocampus was reduced and the expression of IL-6, IL-1β and Caspase-3 in the hippocampus was decreased. The content of rat serum melatonin was also increased.

Conclusions: The right stellate ganglion block can improve the spatial learning and memory dysfunction of rats with sleep deprivation, and the underlying mechanism may be related to alleviating the apoptosis and inflammation of hippocampus of rats with sleep deprivation.

Keywords: Hippocampus; Mechanism; Sleep deprivation; Spatial learning and memory; Stellate ganglion block.

Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest.

© 2021. The Author(s).

Figures

Fig. 1
Fig. 1
Anatomy position of rat stellate ganglia (A and B), schematic diagram of operation method of right stellate ganglion block in rat (C), and schematic diagram of successful rat right stellate ganglion block (D)
Fig. 2
Fig. 2
A Detection of escape latency in Morris water maze directional navigation test of rats in each group (n = 16, x ± s). Detection results of the number of crossing the platform (B) and the percentage of target quadrant residence time in each group of rats in the water maze space exploration experiment (C) (n = 16,−x ± s). Experimental trajectory map of water maze space exploration of rats in each group (D). Note: *P < 0.05, as compared with the Control group
Fig. 3
Fig. 3
Results of body weight (A), serum MT content (B), and IL-6, IL-1 β (C) in hippocampal tissue of rats in each group (n = 8,−x ± s). Note: *P < 0.05, as compared with the Control group
Fig. 4
Fig. 4
Results of western blotting detection of Caspase-3 expression of each group of rats (A) and internal reference expression in hippocampal tissue (B) (n = 8−x,±s). Note: *P < 0.05, as compared with the Control group
Fig. 5
Fig. 5
Results of HE stains in hippocampal vertebral cells of rats in each group (200×). Note: The pathological sections of rat hippocampus are shown. The degree of stress damage of hippocampal vertebral neurons in SD group was significantly higher than that in C group; SD + SGB group was significantly lower than that in SD group. The degree of stress damage of hippocampal vertebral nerve cells in SGB group was less than that in C group

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