Walking in School-Aged Children in a Dual-Task Paradigm Is Related to Age But Not to Cognition, Motor Behavior, Injuries, or Psychosocial Functioning

Priska Hagmann-von Arx, Olivia Manicolo, Sakari Lemola, Alexander Grob, Priska Hagmann-von Arx, Olivia Manicolo, Sakari Lemola, Alexander Grob

Abstract

Age-dependent gait characteristics and associations with cognition, motor behavior, injuries, and psychosocial functioning were investigated in 138 typically developing children aged 6.7-13.2 years (M = 10.0 years). Gait velocity, normalized velocity, and variability were measured using the walkway system GAITRite without an additional task (single task) and while performing a motor or cognitive task (dual task). Assessment of children's cognition included tests for intelligence and executive functions; parents reported on their child's motor behavior, injuries, and psychosocial functioning. Gait variability (an index of gait regularity) decreased with increasing age in both single- and dual-task walking. Dual-task gait decrements were stronger when children walked in the motor compared to the cognitive dual-task condition and decreased with increasing age in both dual-task conditions. Gait alterations from single- to dual-task conditions were not related to children's cognition, motor behavior, injuries, or psychosocial functioning.

Keywords: dual-task walking; executive functions; gait; intelligence; psychosocial functioning; school-aged children.

Figures

FIGURE 1
FIGURE 1
Associations of age (in years) with gait velocity (A), normalized velocity (B), stride velocity variability (C), stride time variability (D), and stride length variability (E) in single-task walking and in the dual-task conditions digits and button. CV, coefficient of variation. ∗p < 0.05, ∗∗p < 0.01, ∗∗∗p < 0.001.

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