Effects of sliding velocity on friction: an in vitro study at extremely low sliding velocity approximating orthodontic tooth movement
Yumi Yanase, Hideki Ioi, Masato Nishioka, Ichiro Takahashi, Yumi Yanase, Hideki Ioi, Masato Nishioka, Ichiro Takahashi
Abstract
Objective: To evaluate the effects of sliding velocity on friction, particularly at extremely low sliding velocity approximating orthodontic tooth movement.
Materials and methods: Stainless-steel (SS) 0.022-inch preadjusted brackets and 0.016- and 0.016×0.022-inch SS wires and superelastic nickel-titanium 0.016×0.022-inch wires were used for this test. The wire was secured in a SS preadjusted bracket with an elastomeric module. One end of the wire was pulled upward 1.5 mm at a speed of 5.0×10(-7), 1.0×10(-5), 1.0×10(-4), 1.0×10(-3), 1.0×10(-2), and 1.0×10(-1) mm/s by the micrometer. The measurements were conducted 10 times and averaged. Tukey-Kramer tests were used to compare the mean differences of each testing measurement among the different sliding velocities.
Results: The frictional forces tended to increase as the sliding velocity decreased. The mean frictional force for 5.0×10(-7) mm/s sliding velocity (approximating orthodontic tooth movement) was 106.8 cN in 0.016×0.022-inch SS wires, almost double the 1.0×10(-1) mm/s sliding velocity.
Conclusion: The effects of sliding velocity cannot be ignored when we estimate frictional forces in clinical orthodontics.
Figures
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![Figure 4.](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/instance/8667499/bin/i0003-3219-84-3-451-f04.jpg)
Figure 5.
Means and standard deviations of…
Figure 5.
Means and standard deviations of the frictional forces produced by different sliding velocities…
Figure 6.
Means and standard deviations of…
Figure 6.
Means and standard deviations of the frictional forces produced by different sliding velocities…
- Comparison of the kinetic frictional force between conventional plastic brackets with thermoplastic low-friction module ligation and self-ligating brackets.Yanase Y, Ioi H, Uehara M, Hara A, Nakata S, Nakasima A, Counts AL. Yanase Y, et al. World J Orthod. 2009 Fall;10(3):220-3. World J Orthod. 2009. PMID: 19885424
- Forces in the presence of ceramic versus stainless steel brackets with unconventional vs conventional ligatures.Baccetti T, Franchi L, Camporesi M. Baccetti T, et al. Angle Orthod. 2008 Jan;78(1):120-4. doi: 10.2319/011107-11.1. Angle Orthod. 2008. PMID: 18193950
- Evaluation of the effect of bracket and archwire composition on frictional forces in the buccal segments.Nair SV, Padmanabhan R, Janardhanam P. Nair SV, et al. Indian J Dent Res. 2012 Mar-Apr;23(2):203-8. doi: 10.4103/0970-9290.100426. Indian J Dent Res. 2012. PMID: 22945710
- Relative kinetic frictional forces between sintered stainless steel brackets and orthodontic wires.Vaughan JL, Duncanson MG Jr, Nanda RS, Currier GF. Vaughan JL, et al. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 1995 Jan;107(1):20-7. doi: 10.1016/s0889-5406(95)70153-2. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 1995. PMID: 7817958
- Initial arch wires for alignment of crooked teeth with fixed orthodontic braces.Wang Y, Jian F, Lai W, Zhao Z, Yang Z, Liao Z, Shi Z, Wu T, Millett DT, McIntyre GT, Hickman J. Wang Y, et al. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2010 Apr 14;(4):CD007859. doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD007859.pub2. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2010. PMID: 20393961 Updated. Review.
- Lubricating conditions: effects on friction between orthodontic brackets and archwires with different cross-sections.Almeida FAC, Almeida APCPSC, Amaral FLB, Basting RT, França FMG, Turssi CP. Almeida FAC, et al. Dental Press J Orthod. 2019 May 20;24(2):66-72. doi: 10.1590/2177-6709.24.2.066-072.oar. Dental Press J Orthod. 2019. PMID: 31116289 Free PMC article.
- Comparative Study
- Biomechanical Phenomena
- Dental Alloys / chemistry
- Elasticity
- Elastomers / chemistry
- Friction
- Humans
- Movement
- Nickel / chemistry
- Orthodontic Appliance Design
- Orthodontic Brackets
- Orthodontic Wires
- Stainless Steel / chemistry
- Stress, Mechanical
- Titanium / chemistry
- Tooth / physiology*
- Tooth Movement Techniques / instrumentation
- Tooth Movement Techniques / methods*
- Dental Alloys
- Elastomers
- titanium nickelide
- Stainless Steel
- Nickel
- Titanium
- Full Text Sources
- Other Literature Sources
- Medical
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![Figure 5.](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/instance/8667499/bin/i0003-3219-84-3-451-f05.jpg)
Figure 6.
Means and standard deviations of…
Figure 6.
Means and standard deviations of the frictional forces produced by different sliding velocities…
- Comparison of the kinetic frictional force between conventional plastic brackets with thermoplastic low-friction module ligation and self-ligating brackets.Yanase Y, Ioi H, Uehara M, Hara A, Nakata S, Nakasima A, Counts AL. Yanase Y, et al. World J Orthod. 2009 Fall;10(3):220-3. World J Orthod. 2009. PMID: 19885424
- Forces in the presence of ceramic versus stainless steel brackets with unconventional vs conventional ligatures.Baccetti T, Franchi L, Camporesi M. Baccetti T, et al. Angle Orthod. 2008 Jan;78(1):120-4. doi: 10.2319/011107-11.1. Angle Orthod. 2008. PMID: 18193950
- Evaluation of the effect of bracket and archwire composition on frictional forces in the buccal segments.Nair SV, Padmanabhan R, Janardhanam P. Nair SV, et al. Indian J Dent Res. 2012 Mar-Apr;23(2):203-8. doi: 10.4103/0970-9290.100426. Indian J Dent Res. 2012. PMID: 22945710
- Relative kinetic frictional forces between sintered stainless steel brackets and orthodontic wires.Vaughan JL, Duncanson MG Jr, Nanda RS, Currier GF. Vaughan JL, et al. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 1995 Jan;107(1):20-7. doi: 10.1016/s0889-5406(95)70153-2. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 1995. PMID: 7817958
- Initial arch wires for alignment of crooked teeth with fixed orthodontic braces.Wang Y, Jian F, Lai W, Zhao Z, Yang Z, Liao Z, Shi Z, Wu T, Millett DT, McIntyre GT, Hickman J. Wang Y, et al. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2010 Apr 14;(4):CD007859. doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD007859.pub2. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2010. PMID: 20393961 Updated. Review.
- Lubricating conditions: effects on friction between orthodontic brackets and archwires with different cross-sections.Almeida FAC, Almeida APCPSC, Amaral FLB, Basting RT, França FMG, Turssi CP. Almeida FAC, et al. Dental Press J Orthod. 2019 May 20;24(2):66-72. doi: 10.1590/2177-6709.24.2.066-072.oar. Dental Press J Orthod. 2019. PMID: 31116289 Free PMC article.
- Comparative Study
- Biomechanical Phenomena
- Dental Alloys / chemistry
- Elasticity
- Elastomers / chemistry
- Friction
- Humans
- Movement
- Nickel / chemistry
- Orthodontic Appliance Design
- Orthodontic Brackets
- Orthodontic Wires
- Stainless Steel / chemistry
- Stress, Mechanical
- Titanium / chemistry
- Tooth / physiology*
- Tooth Movement Techniques / instrumentation
- Tooth Movement Techniques / methods*
- Dental Alloys
- Elastomers
- titanium nickelide
- Stainless Steel
- Nickel
- Titanium
- Full Text Sources
- Other Literature Sources
- Medical
![Figure 6.](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/instance/8667499/bin/i0003-3219-84-3-451-f06.jpg)
Source: PubMed