Screening for asymptomatic left ventricular dysfunction using B-type natriuretic Peptide

Abstract

Asymptomatic left ventricular dysfunction (ASLVD), a known precursor phase of heart failure, fulfills the essential criteria that should be met before screening for a disease. It is common and associated with reduced longevity and quality of life. Left untreated, it progresses to heart failure, which incurs a mortality greater than most cancers as well as significant morbidity rates. In addition, we now have several population-based studies that demonstrate that both B-type natriuretic peptide (BNP) and N-terminal prohormone brain natriuretic peptide (NTproBNP) can accurately exclude left ventricular systolic dysfunction. More recent work shows that this can be done cost-effectively. There is also a wealth of evidence from randomized controlled trials indicating that the treatment of ASLVD can reduce both morbidity and mortality and slow progression to the heart failure state. The main stumbling block to implementation of screening, in addition to the perceived cost, may well be the lack of a randomized study showing that screening the population for ASLVD really does alter the natural history of the condition, something that other screening strategies have so far failed to do.