The effects of 100% wild blueberry ( Vaccinium angustifolium) juice consumption on cardiometablic biomarkers: a randomized, placebo-controlled, crossover trial in adults with increased risk for type 2 diabetes

K S Stote, M I Sweeney, T Kean, D J Baer, J A Novotny, N L Shakerley, A Chandrasekaran, P M Carrico, J A Melendez, K T Gottschall-Pass, K S Stote, M I Sweeney, T Kean, D J Baer, J A Novotny, N L Shakerley, A Chandrasekaran, P M Carrico, J A Melendez, K T Gottschall-Pass

Abstract

Background: Wild blueberries have a high content of polyphenols, but there is limited data evaluating their health benefits in adults at risk for type 2 diabetes. The objective of the study was to investigate whether consumption of 100% wild blueberry juice improves cardiometabolic biomarkers associated with type 2 diabetes risk.

Methods: A single-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled, crossover design trial was conducted in which adults (women, n = 19, ages 39-64 y) at risk for type 2 diabetes consumed 240 mL of wild blueberry juice or a placebo beverage as part of their free-living diet for 7 days. Blood was collected to determine various biomarkers such as fasting plasma glucose, fasting serum insulin, surrogate markers of insulin sensitivity, triglycerides, inflammation (interleukin-6, interleukin-10, high-sensitivity C-reactive protein, tumor necrosis factor-alpha, serum amyloid A), adhesion molecules (soluble intercellular adhesion molecule-1, soluble vascular adhesion molecule-1), oxidative stress (LDL-oxidation, total 8-isoprostanes), and nitric oxide. Endothelial function and blood pressure were also assessed.

Results: Wild blueberry juice consumption for 7 days produced no significant changes in glucose, insulin, insulin sensitivity, triglycerides, inflammatory markers, adhesion molecules, oxidative stress, endothelial function or blood pressure. However, wild blueberry juice consumption showed a trend for lowering systolic blood pressure: 120.8 ± 2.2 mmHg in the placebo group vs 116.0 ± 2.2 mmHg in the blueberry juice group (P = 0.088). Serum concentrations of nitrates and nitrites, an index of nitric oxide production, increased from 2.9 ± 0.4 μM after placebo drink to 4.1 ± 0.4 μM after drinking wild blueberry juice (P = 0.039).

Conclusions: Short-term consumption of wild blueberry juice may promote cardioprotective effects, by improving systolic blood pressure, possibly through nitric oxide production, in adults at risk for type 2 diabetes. This outcome warrants longer-term human studies of blueberries, including defined amounts of either the whole fruit or juice, to clarify whether polyphenol-rich foods can be efficacious for improving cardiometabolic biomarkers in adults at risk for type 2 diabetes.

Trial registration: NCT02139878, clinicaltrials.gov; date of registration: May 4, 2014.

Keywords: 100% wild blueberry juice; Blood pressure; Endothelial function; Nitric oxide; Risk factors for type 2 diabetes.

Conflict of interest statement

KSS, MIS and KTG received grant support from the Wild Blueberry Association of North American. TK, DJB, JAN, NLS, AC, PC and JAM reported no competing interest.

© The Author(s). 2017.

Figures

Fig. 1
Fig. 1
CONSORT diagram for study trial. CONSORT, Consolidated Standards of Reporting Trials

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