Evaluation of the effect of jobelyn(®) on chemoconvulsants-induced seizure in mice

Solomon Umukoro, Itivere Adrian Omogbiya, Anthony Taghogho Eduviere, Solomon Umukoro, Itivere Adrian Omogbiya, Anthony Taghogho Eduviere

Abstract

Introduction: Epilepsy is a common central nervous system (CNS) disorder characterized by seizures resulting from episodic neuronal discharges. The incidence of toxicity and refractoriness has compromised the clinical efficacy of the drugs currently used for the treatment of convulsions. Thus, there is a need to search for new medicines from plant origin that are readily available and safer for the control of seizures. Jobelyn(®) (JB) is a unique African polyherbal preparation used by the natives to treat seizures in children. This investigation was carried out to evaluate whether JB has anti-seizure property in mice.

Methods: The animals received JB (5, 10 and 20 mg/kg, p.o) 30 min before induction of convulsions with intraperitoneal (i.p.) injection of picotoxin (6 mg/kg), strychnine (2 mg/kg) and pentylenetetrazole (85 mg/kg) respectively. Diazepam (2 mg/kg, p.o.) was used as the reference drug. Anti-seizure activities were assessed based on the ability of test drugs to prevent convulsions, death or to delay the onset of seizures in mice.

Results: JB (5, 10 and 20 mg/kg, p.o) could only delay the onset of seizures induced by pentylenetetrazole (85 mg/kg, i.p.) in mice. However, it did not did not offer any protection against seizure episodes, as it failed to prevent the animals, from exhibiting tonic-clonic convulsions caused by pentylenetetrazole (85 mg/kg, i.p.), strychnine (2 mg/kg) or picrotoxin (6 mg/kg, i.p.). On the other hand, diazepam (2 mg/kg, i.p.), offered 100% protection against convulsive seizures, induced by pentylenetetrazole (85 mg/kg, i.p.). However, it failed to prevent seizures produced by strychnine (2 mg/kg, i.p.) or picrotoxin (6 mg/kg, i.p.).

Discussion: Our results suggest that JB could not prevent the examined chemoconvulsants-induced convulsions. However, its ability to delay the latency to seizures induced by pentylenetetrazole suggests that JB might be effective in the control of the seizure spread in epileptic brains.

Keywords: Anti-Seizure; Jobelyn®; Pentylenetetrazole; Picrotoxin; Strychnine.

References

    1. Awika, J.M., & Rooney, L.W. (2004). Sorghum phytochemicals and their potential impact on human health. Phytochemistry 65, 1199–1221
    1. Corda, M.G., Costa, E., & Guidtti, A. (1982). Specific proconvulsant action of an imidazobendiate pine (RO-15-1788) on isoniazid convulsions. Neuropharmacology 21, 91–94
    1. Das, S., Haldar, P.K., Pramanik, G., Panda, S.P., & Bera, S. (2010). Anticonvulsant activity of methanolic extract of Clerodendron infortunatum Linn. in Swiss albino mice. Thai J. Pharm. Sci 34, 129–133
    1. De Sarro, A., Cechetti, V., Fravolini, V., Naccari, F., Tabarini, O. & De Sarro, G. (1999). Effects of novel 6-desfluroquinolones and classic quinolones on Pentylenetetrazole-induced seizures in mice. Antimicrobial Agents Chemotherapy 43, 1729–1736
    1. Erah, P.O., Asonye, C.C. & Okhamafe, A.O. (2003). Response of Trypanosoma brucei brucei–induced anaemia to a commercial herbal preparation. African Journal of Biotechnology 2, 307–311
    1. Gnyther, B.D. & Curtis, D.R. (1986). Pyridazinyl GABA derivatives as GABA and Glycine antagonist in the spinal cord of the cat. Neuroscience Letters 68, 585–587
    1. Gökhan, A. & Ercüment, B. (2010). Febrile convulsion and emotional stress. Clinical Reviews and Opinions 2, 23–27
    1. Heo, H.J., Kim, M., Lee, J., Choi, S., Cho, H., Hong, B., Kim, H., Kim, E. & Shin, D. (2004). Naringenin from Citrus junos has an inhibitory effect on acetylcholinesterase and a mitigating effect on amnesia. Dementia and Geratric Cognitive Disorders 17, 151–157
    1. Hutchinson, J. & Dalziel, J.M. (1954). Flora of West Africa Vol. I, Part I. Crown Agents, London
    1. Kendall, D.A., Fox, D.A. & Enna, SJ. (1981). Anticonvulsant profile of gamma vinyl GABA. Neuropharmacology 20, 4–10
    1. Leonard, B.E. (2000). Fundamentals of Psychopharmacology, second Ed., John Wiley and Sons Ltd, Chichester
    1. Lobo, O., Banji, D., Annamalai, A.R. & Manavalan, R. (2008). Evaluation of antiaggressive activity of Eclipta alba in experimental animals. Pak J Pharm Sci 21, 195–199
    1. Löscher, W., Hönack, D., Fassbender, C.P. & Nolting, B. (1991). The role of technical, biological and pharmacological factors in the laboratory evaluation of anticonvulsant drugs - Pentylentetrazole seizure models. Epilepsy Research 8, 171–189
    1. Mabberley, D.J. (1987). The Plant-Book: A Portable Dictionary of the Higher Plants. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge
    1. McAllister, K.H. (1992). N-Methyl-D-aspartate receptor antagonists and channel blockers have different effects upon a spinal seizure model in mice. European Journal Pharmacology 211, 105–108
    1. McNamara, J.O. (1994). Cellular and molecular basis of epilepsy. Journal of Neuroscience 14, 3413–3425
    1. McNamara, J.O. (1999). Emerging insight into the genesis of epilepsy. Nature 399, 15–22
    1. Okochi, V.I., Okpuzor, J., Okubena, M.O. & Awoyemi, A.K. (2003). The influence of African Herbal Formula on the haematological parameters of trypanosome infected rats. African Journal of Biotechnology 2, 312–316
    1. Olsen, H.T., Stafford, G.I., Standen, J.V., Christensen, S.B. & Jager, A.K. (2008). Isolation of the MAO-inhibitor naringenin from Mentha aquata L. Journal of Ethnopharmacology 117, 500–502
    1. Oni, J.O., Awe, O.E., Olajide, A.O. & Makinde, M.J. (2009). Anticonvulsant and depressant activities of the seed extracts of Adnanthera parvonina. Journal of Natural Products 2, 74–80
    1. Oshikoya, K.A., Senbanjo, I.O., Njokanma, O.F. & Soipe, A. (2008). Use of complementary and alternative medicines for children with chronic health conditions in Lagos, Nigeria. BMC Complementary and Alternative Medicine 8, 66.
    1. Rang, H.P., Dale, M.M. & Ritter, J.M. (2000). Pharmacology. 4th Ed., Churchill Livingstone, Edinburgh
    1. Sayin, U., Cengiz, S. & Altug, T. (1993). Vigabatin as an anti-convulsant against penteletetrazole seizures. Pharmacological Research 28, 325–331
    1. Weichel, O., Hilgert, M., Chatterjee, S.S., Lehr, M. & Kein, J., (1999). Bilobalide, a constituent of Ginkgo biloba, inhibit NMDA-induced phospholipids breakdown in rat hippocampus. Naunyn-Schmedeberg's Archive of Pharmacology 6, 605–609
    1. World Health Organisation (1996). Traditional Medicine. Fact Sheet N134. WHO, Geneva
    1. Yi, L.T., Li, C.F., Zhan, X., Cui, C.C., Xiao, F., Zhou, L.P. & Xie, Y. (2010). Involvement of monoaminergic system in the anti-depressant-like effect of the flavonoid naringenin in mice. Prog Neuropsychopharmacology Biological Psychiatry 34, 1223–1228
    1. Zetler, G. (1981). Central depressant effects of caerulen and cholecystokinin octapeptide (CCK8) differ from those of diazepam and haloperidol. Neuropharmacology 20, 277–283

Source: PubMed

Sponsors en medewerkers

Medische omstandigheden

Geneesmiddelinterventies

3
Abonneren