Coenzyme Q10 supplementation improves adipokine profile in dyslipidemic individuals: a randomized controlled trial

Peiwen Zhang, Ke Chen, Taiping He, Honghui Guo, Xu Chen, Peiwen Zhang, Ke Chen, Taiping He, Honghui Guo, Xu Chen

Abstract

Background: In previous study, we found that coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10) improved glucolipid profile in dyslipidemic individuals, but the mechanism is not yet clear. Adipokines have been demonstrated to be vital targets of metabolic diseases. The hypothesis that adipokines mediate the association of CoQ10 on glucolipid metabolism needs to be further studied in human.

Methods: In this randomized, double-blinded, placebo-controlled trial, 101 dyslipidemic individuals were administrated to 120 mg CoQ10 or placebo for 24 weeks. Anthropometric parameters, glucolipid profile, serum total adiponectin, leptin, and resistin were evaluated at baseline, week 12 and week 24.

Results: CoQ10 treatment significantly increased serum adiponectin levels at week 12 (165 [0, 362] ng/mL, p < 0.001) and at week 24 (523 [0, 1056] ng/mL, p < 0.001]), which was significant different compared with placebo (p < 0.001). The increase of adiponectin was negative associated with decrease in index of homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR, r = - 0.465, p = 0.001), triglyceride (TG, r = - 0.297, p = 0.047), and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-c, r = - 0.440, p = 0.002) at week 24 only in CoQ10-treated group. Resistin was reduced by CoQ10 only at week 24 (- 1.19 [- 4.35, 0.00] ng/mL, p < 0.001), which was significant different compared with placebo (p < 0.001). Reduction of resistin was positively correlated with the change in HOMA-IR (r = 0.343, p = 0.021) and TG (r = 0.323, p = 0.030) at week 24 in CoQ10-treated group but not placebo group. Leptin was not influenced by CoQ10 treatment. Mediation analysis indicated that the improvement of HOMA-IR, TG and LDL-c by CoQ10 was mediated by adiponectin but not resistin.

Conclusions: Our study shows that CoQ10 ameliorates glucolipid profile and adipokines dysfunction in dyslipidemic patients in 24 weeks' intervention. The beneficial effect of CoQ10 on glucolipid profile was mediated by adiponectin.

Trial registration: ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT02407548. Registered on April 3, 2015, https://ichgcp.net/clinical-trials-registry/NCT02407548 .

Keywords: Adipokine; Clinical trial; Coenzyme Q10; Dietary supplement; Dyslipidemia; Mediating effect.

Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare that they have no competing interests.

© 2022. The Author(s).

Figures

Fig. 1
Fig. 1
Mediation model for the association between CoQ10 intervention and glucolipid profiles with adipokines as mediators. a represents the regression coefficients for the association between intervention grouping and adipokines; b represents the regression coefficients for the association between adipokines and glucolipid profiles; a*b equals to the mediation effect of adipokines between intervention grouping and glucolipid profiles; c’ represents the regression coefficients for the association between intervention grouping and glucolipid profiles, that is the directly effect of them
Fig. 2
Fig. 2
Flow diagram and study design
Fig. 3
Fig. 3
Correlation of adipokines with glucolipid profile. Correlation analysis between the 24-week change in serum adiponectin and HOMA-IR index (a), LDL-c (b) and TG (c) in placebo and CoQ10 group, respectively. Correlation analysis between the 24-week change in serum resistin and HOMA-IR index (d) and TG (e) in placebo and CoQ10 group, respectively. (n = 50 in placebo and = 51 in CoQ10 group). The data were evaluated by Pearson correlation coefficient (r). HOMA-IR, homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance; LDL-c, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol; TG, triglyceride

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