MEG-based detection and localization of perilesional dysfunction in chronic stroke
Ron K O Chu, Allen R Braun, Jed A Meltzer, Ron K O Chu, Allen R Braun, Jed A Meltzer
Abstract
Post-stroke impairment is associated not only with structural lesions, but also with dysfunction in surviving perilesional tissue. Previous studies using equivalent current dipole source localization of MEG/EEG signals have demonstrated a preponderance of slow-wave activity localized to perilesional areas. Recent studies have also demonstrated the utility of nonlinear analyses such as multiscale entropy (MSE) for quantifying neuronal dysfunction in a wide range of pathologies. The current study utilized beamformer-based reconstruction of signals in source space to compare spectral and nonlinear measures of electrical activity in perilesional and healthy cortices. Data were collected from chronic stroke patients and healthy controls, both young and elderly. We assessed relative power in the delta (1-4 Hz), theta (4-7 Hz), alpha (8-12 Hz) and beta (15-30 Hz) frequency bands, and also measured the nonlinear complexity of electrical activity using MSE. Perilesional tissue exhibited a general slowing of the power spectrum (increased delta/theta, decreased beta) as well as a reduction in MSE. All measures tested were similarly sensitive to changes in the posterior perilesional regions, but anterior perilesional dysfunction was detected better by MSE and beta power. The findings also suggest that MSE is specifically sensitive to electrophysiological dysfunction in perilesional tissue, while spectral measures were additionally affected by an increase in rolandic beta power with advanced age. Furthermore, perilesional electrophysiological abnormalities in the left hemisphere were correlated with the degree of language task-induced activation in the right hemisphere. Finally, we demonstrate that single subject spectral and nonlinear analyses can identify dysfunctional perilesional regions within individual patients that may be ideal targets for interventions with noninvasive brain stimulation.
Keywords: Beamformer source reconstruction; Chronic stroke; Magnetoencephalography; Time–frequency analysis.
Figures
![Fig. 1](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/instance/4473381/bin/gr1.jpg)
Fig. 2
Task activation maps. Pseudo-T maps…
Fig. 2
Task activation maps. Pseudo-T maps (left panel) presenting an 8–30 Hz event related…
Fig. 3
Power spectra averaged across all…
Fig. 3
Power spectra averaged across all voxels from the atlas-based (top), perilesional and contralateral…
Fig. 4
The magnitude of contralateral homologous…
Fig. 4
The magnitude of contralateral homologous task activation (8–30 Hz ERD) plotted as a…
Fig. 5
Single subject maps. Maps of…
Fig. 5
Single subject maps. Maps of baseline relative theta (right) and MSE (left) are…
Fig. 6
Bar graph illustrating the proportion…
Fig. 6
Bar graph illustrating the proportion of participants with significant perilesional changes in relative…
- Electrophysiological connectivity markers of preserved language functions in post-stroke aphasia.Shah-Basak P, Sivaratnam G, Teti S, Deschamps T, Kielar A, Jokel R, Meltzer JA. Shah-Basak P, et al. Neuroimage Clin. 2022;34:103036. doi: 10.1016/j.nicl.2022.103036. Epub 2022 May 7. Neuroimage Clin. 2022. PMID: 35561556 Free PMC article.
- High definition transcranial direct current stimulation modulates abnormal neurophysiological activity in post-stroke aphasia.Shah-Basak PP, Sivaratnam G, Teti S, Francois-Nienaber A, Yossofzai M, Armstrong S, Nayar S, Jokel R, Meltzer J. Shah-Basak PP, et al. Sci Rep. 2020 Nov 12;10(1):19625. doi: 10.1038/s41598-020-76533-0. Sci Rep. 2020. PMID: 33184382 Free PMC article.
- Functional re-recruitment of dysfunctional brain areas predicts language recovery in chronic aphasia.Meinzer M, Flaisch T, Breitenstein C, Wienbruch C, Elbert T, Rockstroh B. Meinzer M, et al. Neuroimage. 2008 Feb 15;39(4):2038-46. doi: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2007.10.008. Epub 2007 Oct 18. Neuroimage. 2008. PMID: 18096407
- Hemispheric contributions to language reorganisation: An MEG study of neuroplasticity in chronic post stroke aphasia.Mohr B, MacGregor LJ, Difrancesco S, Harrington K, Pulvermüller F, Shtyrov Y. Mohr B, et al. Neuropsychologia. 2016 Dec;93(Pt B):413-424. doi: 10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2016.04.006. Epub 2016 Apr 7. Neuropsychologia. 2016. PMID: 27063061
- Rhythmic brain activity at rest from rolandic areas in acute mono-hemispheric stroke: a magnetoencephalographic study.Tecchio F, Zappasodi F, Pasqualetti P, Tombini M, Salustri C, Oliviero A, Pizzella V, Vernieri F, Rossini PM. Tecchio F, et al. Neuroimage. 2005 Oct 15;28(1):72-83. doi: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2005.05.051. Epub 2005 Jul 14. Neuroimage. 2005. PMID: 16023869 Clinical Trial.
- The effects of white matter hyperintensities on MEG power spectra in population with mild cognitive impairment.Torres-Simon L, Cuesta P, Del Cerro-Leon A, Chino B, Orozco LH, Marsh EB, Gil P, Maestu F. Torres-Simon L, et al. Front Hum Neurosci. 2023 Feb 15;17:1068216. doi: 10.3389/fnhum.2023.1068216. eCollection 2023. Front Hum Neurosci. 2023. PMID: 36875239 Free PMC article.
- Altered Spontaneous Brain Activity in Poststroke Aphasia: A Resting-State fMRI Study.Li H, Zhang H, Xu S, Wang M, Zhang J, Liu J, Du X, Hu R. Li H, et al. Brain Sci. 2023 Feb 10;13(2):300. doi: 10.3390/brainsci13020300. Brain Sci. 2023. PMID: 36831843 Free PMC article.
- Electrophysiological connectivity markers of preserved language functions in post-stroke aphasia.Shah-Basak P, Sivaratnam G, Teti S, Deschamps T, Kielar A, Jokel R, Meltzer JA. Shah-Basak P, et al. Neuroimage Clin. 2022;34:103036. doi: 10.1016/j.nicl.2022.103036. Epub 2022 May 7. Neuroimage Clin. 2022. PMID: 35561556 Free PMC article.
- Integrating Optimized Multiscale Entropy Model with Machine Learning for the Localization of Epileptogenic Hemisphere in Temporal Lobe Epilepsy Using Resting-State fMRI.Fu X, Wang Y, Belkacem AN, Zhang Q, Xie C, Cao Y, Cheng H, Chen S. Fu X, et al. J Healthc Eng. 2021 Oct 27;2021:1834123. doi: 10.1155/2021/1834123. eCollection 2021. J Healthc Eng. 2021. PMID: 34745491 Free PMC article.
- Hemispheric differences in altered reactivity of brain oscillations at rest after posterior lesions.Gallina J, Pietrelli M, Zanon M, Bertini C. Gallina J, et al. Brain Struct Funct. 2022 Mar;227(2):709-723. doi: 10.1007/s00429-021-02279-8. Epub 2021 Apr 24. Brain Struct Funct. 2022. PMID: 33895865 Free PMC article.
-
- Brookes M.J., Gibson A.M., Hall S.D., Furlong P.L., Barnes G.R., Hillebrand A., Singh K.D., Holliday I.E., Francis S.T., Morris P.G. GLM-beamformer method demonstrates stationary field, alpha ERD and gamma ERS co-localisation with fMRI BOLD response in visual cortex. Neuroimage. 2005;26(1):302–308. 15862231 - PubMed
- Research Support, N.I.H., Intramural
- Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
- Adult
- Aged
- Aphasia / etiology
- Aphasia / pathology
- Aphasia / physiopathology*
- Brain Waves / physiology*
- Chronic Disease
- Female
- Humans
- Magnetic Resonance Imaging
- Magnetoencephalography / methods*
- Male
- Middle Aged
- Stroke / complications*
- Young Adult
- Full Text Sources
- Other Literature Sources
- Medical
NCBI Literature Resources
The PubMed wordmark and PubMed logo are registered trademarks of the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services (HHS). Unauthorized use of these marks is strictly prohibited.
National Library of Medicine
8600 Rockville Pike
Bethesda, MD 20894
![Fig. 2](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/instance/4473381/bin/gr2.jpg)
Fig. 3
Power spectra averaged across all…
Fig. 3
Power spectra averaged across all voxels from the atlas-based (top), perilesional and contralateral…
Fig. 4
The magnitude of contralateral homologous…
Fig. 4
The magnitude of contralateral homologous task activation (8–30 Hz ERD) plotted as a…
Fig. 5
Single subject maps. Maps of…
Fig. 5
Single subject maps. Maps of baseline relative theta (right) and MSE (left) are…
Fig. 6
Bar graph illustrating the proportion…
Fig. 6
Bar graph illustrating the proportion of participants with significant perilesional changes in relative…
- Electrophysiological connectivity markers of preserved language functions in post-stroke aphasia.Shah-Basak P, Sivaratnam G, Teti S, Deschamps T, Kielar A, Jokel R, Meltzer JA. Shah-Basak P, et al. Neuroimage Clin. 2022;34:103036. doi: 10.1016/j.nicl.2022.103036. Epub 2022 May 7. Neuroimage Clin. 2022. PMID: 35561556 Free PMC article.
- High definition transcranial direct current stimulation modulates abnormal neurophysiological activity in post-stroke aphasia.Shah-Basak PP, Sivaratnam G, Teti S, Francois-Nienaber A, Yossofzai M, Armstrong S, Nayar S, Jokel R, Meltzer J. Shah-Basak PP, et al. Sci Rep. 2020 Nov 12;10(1):19625. doi: 10.1038/s41598-020-76533-0. Sci Rep. 2020. PMID: 33184382 Free PMC article.
- Functional re-recruitment of dysfunctional brain areas predicts language recovery in chronic aphasia.Meinzer M, Flaisch T, Breitenstein C, Wienbruch C, Elbert T, Rockstroh B. Meinzer M, et al. Neuroimage. 2008 Feb 15;39(4):2038-46. doi: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2007.10.008. Epub 2007 Oct 18. Neuroimage. 2008. PMID: 18096407
- Hemispheric contributions to language reorganisation: An MEG study of neuroplasticity in chronic post stroke aphasia.Mohr B, MacGregor LJ, Difrancesco S, Harrington K, Pulvermüller F, Shtyrov Y. Mohr B, et al. Neuropsychologia. 2016 Dec;93(Pt B):413-424. doi: 10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2016.04.006. Epub 2016 Apr 7. Neuropsychologia. 2016. PMID: 27063061
- Rhythmic brain activity at rest from rolandic areas in acute mono-hemispheric stroke: a magnetoencephalographic study.Tecchio F, Zappasodi F, Pasqualetti P, Tombini M, Salustri C, Oliviero A, Pizzella V, Vernieri F, Rossini PM. Tecchio F, et al. Neuroimage. 2005 Oct 15;28(1):72-83. doi: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2005.05.051. Epub 2005 Jul 14. Neuroimage. 2005. PMID: 16023869 Clinical Trial.
- The effects of white matter hyperintensities on MEG power spectra in population with mild cognitive impairment.Torres-Simon L, Cuesta P, Del Cerro-Leon A, Chino B, Orozco LH, Marsh EB, Gil P, Maestu F. Torres-Simon L, et al. Front Hum Neurosci. 2023 Feb 15;17:1068216. doi: 10.3389/fnhum.2023.1068216. eCollection 2023. Front Hum Neurosci. 2023. PMID: 36875239 Free PMC article.
- Altered Spontaneous Brain Activity in Poststroke Aphasia: A Resting-State fMRI Study.Li H, Zhang H, Xu S, Wang M, Zhang J, Liu J, Du X, Hu R. Li H, et al. Brain Sci. 2023 Feb 10;13(2):300. doi: 10.3390/brainsci13020300. Brain Sci. 2023. PMID: 36831843 Free PMC article.
- Electrophysiological connectivity markers of preserved language functions in post-stroke aphasia.Shah-Basak P, Sivaratnam G, Teti S, Deschamps T, Kielar A, Jokel R, Meltzer JA. Shah-Basak P, et al. Neuroimage Clin. 2022;34:103036. doi: 10.1016/j.nicl.2022.103036. Epub 2022 May 7. Neuroimage Clin. 2022. PMID: 35561556 Free PMC article.
- Integrating Optimized Multiscale Entropy Model with Machine Learning for the Localization of Epileptogenic Hemisphere in Temporal Lobe Epilepsy Using Resting-State fMRI.Fu X, Wang Y, Belkacem AN, Zhang Q, Xie C, Cao Y, Cheng H, Chen S. Fu X, et al. J Healthc Eng. 2021 Oct 27;2021:1834123. doi: 10.1155/2021/1834123. eCollection 2021. J Healthc Eng. 2021. PMID: 34745491 Free PMC article.
- Hemispheric differences in altered reactivity of brain oscillations at rest after posterior lesions.Gallina J, Pietrelli M, Zanon M, Bertini C. Gallina J, et al. Brain Struct Funct. 2022 Mar;227(2):709-723. doi: 10.1007/s00429-021-02279-8. Epub 2021 Apr 24. Brain Struct Funct. 2022. PMID: 33895865 Free PMC article.
-
- Brookes M.J., Gibson A.M., Hall S.D., Furlong P.L., Barnes G.R., Hillebrand A., Singh K.D., Holliday I.E., Francis S.T., Morris P.G. GLM-beamformer method demonstrates stationary field, alpha ERD and gamma ERS co-localisation with fMRI BOLD response in visual cortex. Neuroimage. 2005;26(1):302–308. 15862231 - PubMed
- Research Support, N.I.H., Intramural
- Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
- Adult
- Aged
- Aphasia / etiology
- Aphasia / pathology
- Aphasia / physiopathology*
- Brain Waves / physiology*
- Chronic Disease
- Female
- Humans
- Magnetic Resonance Imaging
- Magnetoencephalography / methods*
- Male
- Middle Aged
- Stroke / complications*
- Young Adult
- Full Text Sources
- Other Literature Sources
- Medical
NCBI Literature Resources
The PubMed wordmark and PubMed logo are registered trademarks of the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services (HHS). Unauthorized use of these marks is strictly prohibited.
National Library of Medicine
8600 Rockville Pike
Bethesda, MD 20894
![Fig. 3](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/instance/4473381/bin/gr3.jpg)
![Fig. 4](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/instance/4473381/bin/gr4.jpg)
Fig. 5
Single subject maps. Maps of…
Fig. 5
Single subject maps. Maps of baseline relative theta (right) and MSE (left) are…
Fig. 6
Bar graph illustrating the proportion…
Fig. 6
Bar graph illustrating the proportion of participants with significant perilesional changes in relative…
- Electrophysiological connectivity markers of preserved language functions in post-stroke aphasia.Shah-Basak P, Sivaratnam G, Teti S, Deschamps T, Kielar A, Jokel R, Meltzer JA. Shah-Basak P, et al. Neuroimage Clin. 2022;34:103036. doi: 10.1016/j.nicl.2022.103036. Epub 2022 May 7. Neuroimage Clin. 2022. PMID: 35561556 Free PMC article.
- High definition transcranial direct current stimulation modulates abnormal neurophysiological activity in post-stroke aphasia.Shah-Basak PP, Sivaratnam G, Teti S, Francois-Nienaber A, Yossofzai M, Armstrong S, Nayar S, Jokel R, Meltzer J. Shah-Basak PP, et al. Sci Rep. 2020 Nov 12;10(1):19625. doi: 10.1038/s41598-020-76533-0. Sci Rep. 2020. PMID: 33184382 Free PMC article.
- Functional re-recruitment of dysfunctional brain areas predicts language recovery in chronic aphasia.Meinzer M, Flaisch T, Breitenstein C, Wienbruch C, Elbert T, Rockstroh B. Meinzer M, et al. Neuroimage. 2008 Feb 15;39(4):2038-46. doi: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2007.10.008. Epub 2007 Oct 18. Neuroimage. 2008. PMID: 18096407
- Hemispheric contributions to language reorganisation: An MEG study of neuroplasticity in chronic post stroke aphasia.Mohr B, MacGregor LJ, Difrancesco S, Harrington K, Pulvermüller F, Shtyrov Y. Mohr B, et al. Neuropsychologia. 2016 Dec;93(Pt B):413-424. doi: 10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2016.04.006. Epub 2016 Apr 7. Neuropsychologia. 2016. PMID: 27063061
- Rhythmic brain activity at rest from rolandic areas in acute mono-hemispheric stroke: a magnetoencephalographic study.Tecchio F, Zappasodi F, Pasqualetti P, Tombini M, Salustri C, Oliviero A, Pizzella V, Vernieri F, Rossini PM. Tecchio F, et al. Neuroimage. 2005 Oct 15;28(1):72-83. doi: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2005.05.051. Epub 2005 Jul 14. Neuroimage. 2005. PMID: 16023869 Clinical Trial.
- The effects of white matter hyperintensities on MEG power spectra in population with mild cognitive impairment.Torres-Simon L, Cuesta P, Del Cerro-Leon A, Chino B, Orozco LH, Marsh EB, Gil P, Maestu F. Torres-Simon L, et al. Front Hum Neurosci. 2023 Feb 15;17:1068216. doi: 10.3389/fnhum.2023.1068216. eCollection 2023. Front Hum Neurosci. 2023. PMID: 36875239 Free PMC article.
- Altered Spontaneous Brain Activity in Poststroke Aphasia: A Resting-State fMRI Study.Li H, Zhang H, Xu S, Wang M, Zhang J, Liu J, Du X, Hu R. Li H, et al. Brain Sci. 2023 Feb 10;13(2):300. doi: 10.3390/brainsci13020300. Brain Sci. 2023. PMID: 36831843 Free PMC article.
- Electrophysiological connectivity markers of preserved language functions in post-stroke aphasia.Shah-Basak P, Sivaratnam G, Teti S, Deschamps T, Kielar A, Jokel R, Meltzer JA. Shah-Basak P, et al. Neuroimage Clin. 2022;34:103036. doi: 10.1016/j.nicl.2022.103036. Epub 2022 May 7. Neuroimage Clin. 2022. PMID: 35561556 Free PMC article.
- Integrating Optimized Multiscale Entropy Model with Machine Learning for the Localization of Epileptogenic Hemisphere in Temporal Lobe Epilepsy Using Resting-State fMRI.Fu X, Wang Y, Belkacem AN, Zhang Q, Xie C, Cao Y, Cheng H, Chen S. Fu X, et al. J Healthc Eng. 2021 Oct 27;2021:1834123. doi: 10.1155/2021/1834123. eCollection 2021. J Healthc Eng. 2021. PMID: 34745491 Free PMC article.
- Hemispheric differences in altered reactivity of brain oscillations at rest after posterior lesions.Gallina J, Pietrelli M, Zanon M, Bertini C. Gallina J, et al. Brain Struct Funct. 2022 Mar;227(2):709-723. doi: 10.1007/s00429-021-02279-8. Epub 2021 Apr 24. Brain Struct Funct. 2022. PMID: 33895865 Free PMC article.
-
- Brookes M.J., Gibson A.M., Hall S.D., Furlong P.L., Barnes G.R., Hillebrand A., Singh K.D., Holliday I.E., Francis S.T., Morris P.G. GLM-beamformer method demonstrates stationary field, alpha ERD and gamma ERS co-localisation with fMRI BOLD response in visual cortex. Neuroimage. 2005;26(1):302–308. 15862231 - PubMed
- Research Support, N.I.H., Intramural
- Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
- Adult
- Aged
- Aphasia / etiology
- Aphasia / pathology
- Aphasia / physiopathology*
- Brain Waves / physiology*
- Chronic Disease
- Female
- Humans
- Magnetic Resonance Imaging
- Magnetoencephalography / methods*
- Male
- Middle Aged
- Stroke / complications*
- Young Adult
- Full Text Sources
- Other Literature Sources
- Medical
NCBI Literature Resources
The PubMed wordmark and PubMed logo are registered trademarks of the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services (HHS). Unauthorized use of these marks is strictly prohibited.
National Library of Medicine
8600 Rockville Pike
Bethesda, MD 20894
![Fig. 5](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/instance/4473381/bin/gr5.jpg)
Fig. 6
Bar graph illustrating the proportion…
Fig. 6
Bar graph illustrating the proportion of participants with significant perilesional changes in relative…
- Electrophysiological connectivity markers of preserved language functions in post-stroke aphasia.Shah-Basak P, Sivaratnam G, Teti S, Deschamps T, Kielar A, Jokel R, Meltzer JA. Shah-Basak P, et al. Neuroimage Clin. 2022;34:103036. doi: 10.1016/j.nicl.2022.103036. Epub 2022 May 7. Neuroimage Clin. 2022. PMID: 35561556 Free PMC article.
- High definition transcranial direct current stimulation modulates abnormal neurophysiological activity in post-stroke aphasia.Shah-Basak PP, Sivaratnam G, Teti S, Francois-Nienaber A, Yossofzai M, Armstrong S, Nayar S, Jokel R, Meltzer J. Shah-Basak PP, et al. Sci Rep. 2020 Nov 12;10(1):19625. doi: 10.1038/s41598-020-76533-0. Sci Rep. 2020. PMID: 33184382 Free PMC article.
- Functional re-recruitment of dysfunctional brain areas predicts language recovery in chronic aphasia.Meinzer M, Flaisch T, Breitenstein C, Wienbruch C, Elbert T, Rockstroh B. Meinzer M, et al. Neuroimage. 2008 Feb 15;39(4):2038-46. doi: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2007.10.008. Epub 2007 Oct 18. Neuroimage. 2008. PMID: 18096407
- Hemispheric contributions to language reorganisation: An MEG study of neuroplasticity in chronic post stroke aphasia.Mohr B, MacGregor LJ, Difrancesco S, Harrington K, Pulvermüller F, Shtyrov Y. Mohr B, et al. Neuropsychologia. 2016 Dec;93(Pt B):413-424. doi: 10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2016.04.006. Epub 2016 Apr 7. Neuropsychologia. 2016. PMID: 27063061
- Rhythmic brain activity at rest from rolandic areas in acute mono-hemispheric stroke: a magnetoencephalographic study.Tecchio F, Zappasodi F, Pasqualetti P, Tombini M, Salustri C, Oliviero A, Pizzella V, Vernieri F, Rossini PM. Tecchio F, et al. Neuroimage. 2005 Oct 15;28(1):72-83. doi: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2005.05.051. Epub 2005 Jul 14. Neuroimage. 2005. PMID: 16023869 Clinical Trial.
- The effects of white matter hyperintensities on MEG power spectra in population with mild cognitive impairment.Torres-Simon L, Cuesta P, Del Cerro-Leon A, Chino B, Orozco LH, Marsh EB, Gil P, Maestu F. Torres-Simon L, et al. Front Hum Neurosci. 2023 Feb 15;17:1068216. doi: 10.3389/fnhum.2023.1068216. eCollection 2023. Front Hum Neurosci. 2023. PMID: 36875239 Free PMC article.
- Altered Spontaneous Brain Activity in Poststroke Aphasia: A Resting-State fMRI Study.Li H, Zhang H, Xu S, Wang M, Zhang J, Liu J, Du X, Hu R. Li H, et al. Brain Sci. 2023 Feb 10;13(2):300. doi: 10.3390/brainsci13020300. Brain Sci. 2023. PMID: 36831843 Free PMC article.
- Electrophysiological connectivity markers of preserved language functions in post-stroke aphasia.Shah-Basak P, Sivaratnam G, Teti S, Deschamps T, Kielar A, Jokel R, Meltzer JA. Shah-Basak P, et al. Neuroimage Clin. 2022;34:103036. doi: 10.1016/j.nicl.2022.103036. Epub 2022 May 7. Neuroimage Clin. 2022. PMID: 35561556 Free PMC article.
- Integrating Optimized Multiscale Entropy Model with Machine Learning for the Localization of Epileptogenic Hemisphere in Temporal Lobe Epilepsy Using Resting-State fMRI.Fu X, Wang Y, Belkacem AN, Zhang Q, Xie C, Cao Y, Cheng H, Chen S. Fu X, et al. J Healthc Eng. 2021 Oct 27;2021:1834123. doi: 10.1155/2021/1834123. eCollection 2021. J Healthc Eng. 2021. PMID: 34745491 Free PMC article.
- Hemispheric differences in altered reactivity of brain oscillations at rest after posterior lesions.Gallina J, Pietrelli M, Zanon M, Bertini C. Gallina J, et al. Brain Struct Funct. 2022 Mar;227(2):709-723. doi: 10.1007/s00429-021-02279-8. Epub 2021 Apr 24. Brain Struct Funct. 2022. PMID: 33895865 Free PMC article.
-
- Brookes M.J., Gibson A.M., Hall S.D., Furlong P.L., Barnes G.R., Hillebrand A., Singh K.D., Holliday I.E., Francis S.T., Morris P.G. GLM-beamformer method demonstrates stationary field, alpha ERD and gamma ERS co-localisation with fMRI BOLD response in visual cortex. Neuroimage. 2005;26(1):302–308. 15862231 - PubMed
- Research Support, N.I.H., Intramural
- Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
- Adult
- Aged
- Aphasia / etiology
- Aphasia / pathology
- Aphasia / physiopathology*
- Brain Waves / physiology*
- Chronic Disease
- Female
- Humans
- Magnetic Resonance Imaging
- Magnetoencephalography / methods*
- Male
- Middle Aged
- Stroke / complications*
- Young Adult
- Full Text Sources
- Other Literature Sources
- Medical
![Fig. 6](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/instance/4473381/bin/gr6.jpg)
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Source: PubMed