Denne siden ble automatisk oversatt og nøyaktigheten av oversettelsen er ikke garantert. Vennligst referer til engelsk versjon for en kildetekst.

Mental Rotation and Motor Imagery Training in Multiple Sclerosis

5. august 2026 oppdatert av: Ramazan KURUL, Abant Izzet Baysal University

Mental Rotation and Motor Imagery Training for Upper-Extremity Function in Relapsing-Remitting Multiple Sclerosis: A Randomized Controlled Trial

This randomized controlled trial investigated the effects of sequential laterality, motor imagery, and mental rotation training in individuals with relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis. Both groups received conventional physiotherapy, while the intervention group received structured cognitive-motor training and the control group received active visual-attention training.

Studieoversikt

Status

Fullført

Forhold

Intervensjon / Behandling

Detaljert beskrivelse

Fifty-four participants were randomly assigned to the intervention or control group. Both groups received 45-minute sessions three times per week for six weeks. Mental rotation ability was the primary outcome, while upper-extremity function, manual ability, motor imagery, grip strength, dexterity, and information-processing speed were assessed as secondary outcomes. Assessments were performed before and after the intervention by a researcher blinded to group allocation.

Studietype

Intervensjonell

Registrering (Faktiske)

54

Fase

  • Ikke aktuelt

Kontakter og plasseringer

Denne delen inneholder kontaktinformasjon for de som utfører studien, og informasjon om hvor denne studien blir utført.

Studiesteder

  • Tyrkia (Türkiye)
      • Bolu, Tyrkia (Türkiye), 14100
        • Abant Izzet Baysal University Faculty of Health Science

Deltakelseskriterier

Forskere ser etter personer som passer til en bestemt beskrivelse, kalt kvalifikasjonskriterier. Noen eksempler på disse kriteriene er en persons generelle helsetilstand eller tidligere behandlinger.

Kvalifikasjonskriterier

Alder som er kvalifisert for studier

  • Voksen
  • Eldre voksen

Tar imot friske frivillige

Nei

Beskrivelse

Inclusion Criteria:

  • Diagnosed with definite relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis by a neurologist according to the revised McDonald criteria
  • Not experiencing an acute MS relapse
  • Mini Mental State Examination score ≥24
  • No clinical MS relapse within the previous 3 months
  • No corticosteroid treatment for an MS relapse within the previous 3 months
  • Expanded Disability Status Scale score between 1.5 and 6.0
  • Modified Ashworth Scale score ≤2
  • Sufficient communication ability to understand visual and verbal instructions and follow the training protocol
  • Able to attend at least 80% of the planned sessions
  • Able to complete the Movement Imagery Questionnaire-3

Exclusion Criteria:

  • Any medication change within the previous 3 months
  • Uncorrected severe visual or hearing impairment
  • A communication disorder preventing the perception of or response to the visual and verbal stimuli used in the study
  • Participation in another structured upper-extremity rehabilitation program or interventional study during the study period
  • Presence of an additional neurological disorder
  • Advanced sensory loss or proprioceptive impairment that could affect participation in the intervention
  • Botulinum toxin injection within the previous 3 months

Studieplan

Denne delen gir detaljer om studieplanen, inkludert hvordan studien er utformet og hva studien måler.

Hvordan er studiet utformet?

Designdetaljer

  • Primært formål: Behandling
  • Tildeling: Randomisert
  • Intervensjonsmodell: Parallell tildeling
  • Masking: Dobbelt

Våpen og intervensjoner

Deltakergruppe / Arm
Intervensjon / Behandling
Eksperimentell: Multicomponent rotation training
Participants received 30 minutes of conventional physiotherapy and 15 minutes of sequential laterality, motor imagery, and mental rotation training, three times per week for six weeks.
Annen: Laterality, Motor Imagery, and Mental Rotation Training
Participants received 30 minutes of conventional physiotherapy followed by 15 minutes of structured training, three times per week for six weeks. The training progressed sequentially through laterality recognition, motor imagery, and mental rotation. Laterality training involved identifying right- and left-hand images. Motor imagery training involved imagining the hand positions and movements shown in the images without performing an observable movement. Mental rotation training involved mentally rotating figures and selecting the correct response.
Sham-komparator: Sham training
Participants received 30 minutes of conventional physiotherapy and 15 minutes of active visual-attention training using neutral objects, colors, shapes, and symbols, three times per week for six weeks.
Annen: Active Visual-Attention Control Training
Participants received 30 minutes of conventional physiotherapy followed by 15 minutes of active visual-attention control training, three times per week for six weeks. The training included images of neutral objects, colors, geometric shapes, and symbols that did not depict body parts. Participants classified the images according to color, shape, size, position, or similarity and difference.

Hva måler studien?

Primære resultatmål

Resultatmål
Tiltaksbeskrivelse
Tidsramme
The Purdue Spatial Visualization Test
Tidsramme: Baseline and immediately after the 6-week intervention.
The Purdue Spatial Visualization Test a widely used mental rotation tests, consists of 30 three-dimensional spatial perception questions.
Baseline and immediately after the 6-week intervention.

Sekundære resultatmål

Resultatmål
Tiltaksbeskrivelse
Tidsramme
The Symbol Digit Modalities Test
Tidsramme: Baseline and immediately after the 6-week intervention.
The Symbol Digit Modalities Test is a widely used assessment tool for measuring information-processing speed in patients with MS.
Baseline and immediately after the 6-week intervention.
Nine-Hole Peg Test
Tidsramme: Baseline and immediately after the 6-week intervention.
In the Nine-Hole Peg Test, nine wooden pegs were placed into a wooden board containing nine holes using one hand.
Baseline and immediately after the 6-week intervention.
Kinesthetic and Visual Imagery Questionnaire
Tidsramme: Baseline and immediately after the 6-week intervention.
Motor imagery ability was evaluated and scored using 20 items examining movements of different body parts in a sitting position, with two subscales assessing kinesthetic and visual imagery abilities. The total score ranges from 10 to 50, with each subscale ranging from 5 to 25.
Baseline and immediately after the 6-week intervention.
Grip Strength
Tidsramme: Baseline and immediately after the 6-week intervention
Grip strength was assessed using a Jamar hand dynamometer.
Baseline and immediately after the 6-week intervention
Abilhand
Tidsramme: Baseline and immediately after the 6-week intervention.
Abilhand is a patient-reported scale used to determine the perceived level of difficulty individuals experience when using their hands during activities of daily living. The Abilhand total raw score ranges from 0 to 46, with higher scores indicating better self-perceived manual ability in performing daily bimanual activities.
Baseline and immediately after the 6-week intervention.
The Action Research Arm Test (ARAT)
Tidsramme: Baseline and immediately after the 6-week intervention.
The Action Research Arm Test was used to evaluate upper extremity functional capacity and consists of four subdomains: grasp, grip, pinch, and gross movement.
Baseline and immediately after the 6-week intervention.

Samarbeidspartnere og etterforskere

Det er her du vil finne personer og organisasjoner som er involvert i denne studien.

Sponsor

Abant Izzet Baysal University

Etterforskere

  • Hovedetterforsker: Enes Tayyip Benli, phd, Abant Izzet Baysal University

Studierekorddatoer

Disse datoene sporer fremdriften for innsending av studieposter og sammendragsresultater til ClinicalTrials.gov. Studieposter og rapporterte resultater gjennomgås av National Library of Medicine (NLM) for å sikre at de oppfyller spesifikke kvalitetskontrollstandarder før de legges ut på det offentlige nettstedet.

Studer hoveddatoer

Studiestart (Faktiske)

15. februar 2024

Primær fullføring (Faktiske)

15. januar 2026

Studiet fullført (Faktiske)

15. februar 2026

Datoer for studieregistrering

Først innsendt

30. juli 2026

Først innsendt som oppfylte QC-kriteriene

5. august 2026

Først lagt ut (Faktiske)

6. august 2026

Oppdateringer av studieposter

Sist oppdatering lagt ut (Faktiske)

6. august 2026

Siste oppdatering sendt inn som oppfylte QC-kriteriene

5. august 2026

Sist bekreftet

1. august 2026

Mer informasjon

Begreper knyttet til denne studien

Ytterligere relevante MeSH-vilkår

Andre studie-ID-numre

  • AIBU-FTR-BENLI-010

Plan for individuelle deltakerdata (IPD)

Planlegger du å dele individuelle deltakerdata (IPD)?

NEI

Legemiddel- og utstyrsinformasjon, studiedokumenter

Studerer et amerikansk FDA-regulert medikamentprodukt

Nei

Studerer et amerikansk FDA-regulert enhetsprodukt

Nei

Denne informasjonen ble hentet direkte fra nettstedet clinicaltrials.gov uten noen endringer. Hvis du har noen forespørsler om å endre, fjerne eller oppdatere studiedetaljene dine, vennligst kontakt register@clinicaltrials.gov. Så snart en endring er implementert på clinicaltrials.gov, vil denne også bli oppdatert automatisk på nettstedet vårt. .

Abonnere