Mental Rotation and Motor Imagery Training in Multiple Sclerosis
5. August 2026 aktualisiert von: Ramazan KURUL, Abant Izzet Baysal University
Mental Rotation and Motor Imagery Training for Upper-Extremity Function in Relapsing-Remitting Multiple Sclerosis: A Randomized Controlled Trial
This randomized controlled trial investigated the effects of sequential laterality, motor imagery, and mental rotation training in individuals with relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis.
Both groups received conventional physiotherapy, while the intervention group received structured cognitive-motor training and the control group received active visual-attention training.
Studienübersicht
Status
Abgeschlossen
Bedingungen
Detaillierte Beschreibung
Fifty-four participants were randomly assigned to the intervention or control group.
Both groups received 45-minute sessions three times per week for six weeks.
Mental rotation ability was the primary outcome, while upper-extremity function, manual ability, motor imagery, grip strength, dexterity, and information-processing speed were assessed as secondary outcomes.
Assessments were performed before and after the intervention by a researcher blinded to group allocation.
Studientyp
Interventionell
Einschreibung (Tatsächlich)
54
Phase
- Unzutreffend
Kontakte und Standorte
Dieser Abschnitt enthält die Kontaktdaten derjenigen, die die Studie durchführen, und Informationen darüber, wo diese Studie durchgeführt wird.
Studienorte
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Bolu, Türkei (türkiye), 14100
- Abant Izzet Baysal University Faculty of Health Science
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Teilnahmekriterien
Forscher suchen nach Personen, die einer bestimmten Beschreibung entsprechen, die als Auswahlkriterien bezeichnet werden. Einige Beispiele für diese Kriterien sind der allgemeine Gesundheitszustand einer Person oder frühere Behandlungen.
Zulassungskriterien
Studienberechtigtes Alter
- Erwachsene
- Älterer Erwachsener
Akzeptiert gesunde Freiwillige
Nein
Beschreibung
Inclusion Criteria:
- Diagnosed with definite relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis by a neurologist according to the revised McDonald criteria
- Not experiencing an acute MS relapse
- Mini Mental State Examination score ≥24
- No clinical MS relapse within the previous 3 months
- No corticosteroid treatment for an MS relapse within the previous 3 months
- Expanded Disability Status Scale score between 1.5 and 6.0
- Modified Ashworth Scale score ≤2
- Sufficient communication ability to understand visual and verbal instructions and follow the training protocol
- Able to attend at least 80% of the planned sessions
- Able to complete the Movement Imagery Questionnaire-3
Exclusion Criteria:
- Any medication change within the previous 3 months
- Uncorrected severe visual or hearing impairment
- A communication disorder preventing the perception of or response to the visual and verbal stimuli used in the study
- Participation in another structured upper-extremity rehabilitation program or interventional study during the study period
- Presence of an additional neurological disorder
- Advanced sensory loss or proprioceptive impairment that could affect participation in the intervention
- Botulinum toxin injection within the previous 3 months
Studienplan
Dieser Abschnitt enthält Einzelheiten zum Studienplan, einschließlich des Studiendesigns und der Messung der Studieninhalte.
Wie ist die Studie aufgebaut?
Designdetails
- Hauptzweck: Behandlung
- Zuteilung: Zufällig
- Interventionsmodell: Parallele Zuordnung
- Maskierung: Doppelt
Waffen und Interventionen
Teilnehmergruppe / Arm |
Intervention / Behandlung |
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Experimental: Multicomponent rotation training
Participants received 30 minutes of conventional physiotherapy and 15 minutes of sequential laterality, motor imagery, and mental rotation training, three times per week for six weeks.
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Participants received 30 minutes of conventional physiotherapy followed by 15 minutes of structured training, three times per week for six weeks.
The training progressed sequentially through laterality recognition, motor imagery, and mental rotation.
Laterality training involved identifying right- and left-hand images.
Motor imagery training involved imagining the hand positions and movements shown in the images without performing an observable movement.
Mental rotation training involved mentally rotating figures and selecting the correct response.
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Schein-Komparator: Sham training
Participants received 30 minutes of conventional physiotherapy and 15 minutes of active visual-attention training using neutral objects, colors, shapes, and symbols, three times per week for six weeks.
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Participants received 30 minutes of conventional physiotherapy followed by 15 minutes of active visual-attention control training, three times per week for six weeks.
The training included images of neutral objects, colors, geometric shapes, and symbols that did not depict body parts.
Participants classified the images according to color, shape, size, position, or similarity and difference.
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Was misst die Studie?
Primäre Ergebnismessungen
Ergebnis Maßnahme |
Maßnahmenbeschreibung |
Zeitfenster |
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The Purdue Spatial Visualization Test
Zeitfenster: Baseline and immediately after the 6-week intervention.
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The Purdue Spatial Visualization Test a widely used mental rotation tests, consists of 30 three-dimensional spatial perception questions.
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Baseline and immediately after the 6-week intervention.
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Sekundäre Ergebnismessungen
Ergebnis Maßnahme |
Maßnahmenbeschreibung |
Zeitfenster |
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The Symbol Digit Modalities Test
Zeitfenster: Baseline and immediately after the 6-week intervention.
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The Symbol Digit Modalities Test is a widely used assessment tool for measuring information-processing speed in patients with MS.
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Baseline and immediately after the 6-week intervention.
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Nine-Hole Peg Test
Zeitfenster: Baseline and immediately after the 6-week intervention.
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In the Nine-Hole Peg Test, nine wooden pegs were placed into a wooden board containing nine holes using one hand.
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Baseline and immediately after the 6-week intervention.
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Kinesthetic and Visual Imagery Questionnaire
Zeitfenster: Baseline and immediately after the 6-week intervention.
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Motor imagery ability was evaluated and scored using 20 items examining movements of different body parts in a sitting position, with two subscales assessing kinesthetic and visual imagery abilities.
The total score ranges from 10 to 50, with each subscale ranging from 5 to 25.
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Baseline and immediately after the 6-week intervention.
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Grip Strength
Zeitfenster: Baseline and immediately after the 6-week intervention
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Grip strength was assessed using a Jamar hand dynamometer.
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Baseline and immediately after the 6-week intervention
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Abilhand
Zeitfenster: Baseline and immediately after the 6-week intervention.
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Abilhand is a patient-reported scale used to determine the perceived level of difficulty individuals experience when using their hands during activities of daily living.
The Abilhand total raw score ranges from 0 to 46, with higher scores indicating better self-perceived manual ability in performing daily bimanual activities.
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Baseline and immediately after the 6-week intervention.
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The Action Research Arm Test (ARAT)
Zeitfenster: Baseline and immediately after the 6-week intervention.
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The Action Research Arm Test was used to evaluate upper extremity functional capacity and consists of four subdomains: grasp, grip, pinch, and gross movement.
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Baseline and immediately after the 6-week intervention.
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Mitarbeiter und Ermittler
Hier finden Sie Personen und Organisationen, die an dieser Studie beteiligt sind.
Sponsor
Ermittler
- Hauptermittler: Enes Tayyip Benli, phd, Abant Izzet Baysal University
Studienaufzeichnungsdaten
Diese Daten verfolgen den Fortschritt der Übermittlung von Studienaufzeichnungen und zusammenfassenden Ergebnissen an ClinicalTrials.gov. Studienaufzeichnungen und gemeldete Ergebnisse werden von der National Library of Medicine (NLM) überprüft, um sicherzustellen, dass sie bestimmten Qualitätskontrollstandards entsprechen, bevor sie auf der öffentlichen Website veröffentlicht werden.
Haupttermine studieren
Studienbeginn (Tatsächlich)
15. Februar 2024
Primärer Abschluss (Tatsächlich)
15. Januar 2026
Studienabschluss (Tatsächlich)
15. Februar 2026
Studienanmeldedaten
Zuerst eingereicht
30. Juli 2026
Zuerst eingereicht, das die QC-Kriterien erfüllt hat
5. August 2026
Zuerst gepostet (Tatsächlich)
6. August 2026
Studienaufzeichnungsaktualisierungen
Letztes Update gepostet (Tatsächlich)
6. August 2026
Letztes eingereichtes Update, das die QC-Kriterien erfüllt
5. August 2026
Zuletzt verifiziert
1. August 2026
Mehr Informationen
Begriffe im Zusammenhang mit dieser Studie
Zusätzliche relevante MeSH-Bedingungen
Andere Studien-ID-Nummern
- AIBU-FTR-BENLI-010
Plan für individuelle Teilnehmerdaten (IPD)
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Studiert ein von der US-amerikanischen FDA reguliertes Geräteprodukt
Nein
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