The effect of the Baduanjin exercise on COVID-19-related anxiety, psychological well-being and lower back pain of college students during the pandemic

Keqiang Li, Tamara Walczak-Kozłowska, Mariusz Lipowski, Jianye Li, Daniel Krokosz, Yuying Su, Hongli Yu, Hongying Fan, Keqiang Li, Tamara Walczak-Kozłowska, Mariusz Lipowski, Jianye Li, Daniel Krokosz, Yuying Su, Hongli Yu, Hongying Fan

Abstract

Background: This study aimed to examine the effect of Baduanjin exercise on COVID-19-related anxiety, psychological well-being, and the lower back pain of college students during the coronavirus pandemic in China.

Setting: The study was carried out in a temporary experimental center of four universities in Wenzhou city in Zhejiang Province, China.

Population: 387 participants who were college students were allocated to two groups: the Baduanjin exercise group(BEG, n = 195); and the Control group(CG,n = 192).

Methods: In this randomized controlled trial,387 participants who were college students were randomly allocated in a 1:1 ratio to 12-week Baduanjin exercise group (BEG, n = 195)and 12-week Control group(CG,n = 192).CAS(Coronavirus Anxiety Scale), PWBS(Psychological Well-being Scale),NMQ( Nordic Musculoskeletal Questionnaire), was used to assess COVID-19-related anxiety, psychological well-being, and lower back pain at second times ( before and after the intervention). The paired t-test and an independent t-test (with a 95% confidence interval) was used to compare the outcome variables of the two groups.

Results: Within-group comparison, there was no significant difference in the control group before and after the intervention. In contrast, the Baduanjin group had a significant improvement before and after the intervention. Between-group comparison, the Baduanjin group had a significant difference from the control group. The intervention effect on the Baduanjin exercise group was remarkably better than that of the control group (p < 0.05). Participants in the Baduanjin group significantly improved the corvid-19-related anxiety score decreased from ( 5.22 ± 0.45 to 5.07 ± 0.27, p < 0.05). The total psychological well-being score increased from (70.11 ± 8.65 to 84.12 ± 7.38,p < 0.05) and the prevalence of low back pain decreased from (22.45 ± 1.67 to 18.35 ± 1.05, p < 0.05) among college students.

Conclusion: During the pandemic, the Baduanjin exercise contributes to the reduction of the perceived anxiety related to COVID-19, decreases the prevalence of the lower back pain, and improves the psychological well-being of college students.

Trial registration: Clinicaltrials.gov, NCT04432038. Registered on June 16, 2020.

Keywords: Baduanjin exercise; COVID-19-related anxiety; College student; Mental health; Pandemic; Qigong; The prevalence of low back pain.

Conflict of interest statement

The authors have no competing interests or potential conflicts to disclose.

© 2022. The Author(s).

Figures

Fig. 1
Fig. 1
Study flow diagram of the progress through the phases of the experiment
Fig. 2
Fig. 2
The musculoskeletal pain among the participants of the study; n = 387
Fig. 3
Fig. 3
NMQ: before and after intervention between the two groups: control group vs. Baduanjin exercise group. p* < 0.05; p** < 0.01
Fig. 4
Fig. 4
CAS: before and after intervention between the two groups: control group vs Baduanjin exercise group; p * < 0.05; p ** < 0.01
Fig. 5
Fig. 5
PWBS: before and after intervention between the two groups: control group vs Baduanjin exercise group; *p < 0.05; **p < 0.01
Fig. 6
Fig. 6
Correlations between changes in the prevalence of low back pain, psychological well-being and Coronavirus-related anxiety

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