Effects of Cognitive Training on Executive Functions and Decision-Making in Adolescent Female Volleyball Players
Effects of a Short-Term Cognitive Training Programme on Executive Functions and On-Court Decision-Making Performance in Adolescent Female Volleyball Players: A Randomized Controlled Trial
This randomized controlled trial aims to evaluate the effects of a four-week tablet-based cognitive training program on executive functions and on-court decision-making performance in adolescent female volleyball players. Fifty licensed female volleyball players aged 12 to 14 years were randomly assigned to either an intervention group or a control group. The intervention group received cognitive training three times per week in addition to routine volleyball training, while the control group continued routine training only. Executive functions were assessed using the Stroop Test, Trail Making Test-A, Go/No-Go Test, and 2-Back Test. Volleyball-specific decision-making performance was evaluated using a video-based temporal occlusion test. The study investigates whether improvements in executive functions following cognitive training transfer to sport-specific decision-making performance.
Przegląd badań
Status
Interwencja / Leczenie
Szczegółowy opis
Executive functions, including inhibitory control, working memory, cognitive flexibility, and attentional control, play an important role in sports requiring rapid perception and decision-making, such as volleyball. Although previous studies have shown that cognitive training can improve executive functions, evidence regarding the transfer of these improvements to sport-specific performance remains inconsistent.
The purpose of this randomized controlled study is to investigate the effects of a short-term tablet-based cognitive training program on executive functions and volleyball-specific on-court decision-making performance in adolescent female volleyball players.
Fifty licensed female volleyball players aged 12 to 14 years participated in the study. Participants were randomly allocated to an intervention group or a control group. The intervention group completed a four-week cognitive training program consisting of three supervised sessions per week (20-30 minutes per session) in addition to routine volleyball training. The control group continued routine volleyball training without additional cognitive training.
Primary assessments included executive function measures obtained using the Stroop Test, Trail Making Test-A (TMT-A), Go/No-Go Test, and 2-Back Test. Volleyball-specific decision-making performance was evaluated using a video-based temporal occlusion paradigm, with decision-making accuracy and response time recorded before and after the intervention.
The study aims to determine whether short-term cognitive training improves executive function performance (near transfer) and whether these cognitive improvements translate into enhanced sport-specific decision-making performance (far transfer) in adolescent female volleyball players.
Typ studiów
Zapisy (Rzeczywisty)
Faza
- Nie dotyczy
Kontakty i lokalizacje
Lokalizacje studiów
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Merkez
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Elâzığ, Merkez, Turcja (Türkiye), 23200
- Firat University
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Kryteria uczestnictwa
Kryteria kwalifikacji
Wiek uprawniający do nauki
Akceptuje zdrowych ochotników
Płeć kwalifikująca się do nauki
Opis
Inclusion Criteria:
- Female volleyball players aged 12 to 14 years.
- Licensed volleyball players with at least 1 year of playing experience.
- Regular participation in volleyball training during the previous 6 months.
- Written informed consent obtained from both participants and their parents/legal guardians.
Exclusion Criteria:
- History of neurological or psychiatric disorders.
- Visual or hearing impairment that could affect cognitive testing.
- Serious musculoskeletal injury within the previous 6 months.
- Previous participation in a structured cognitive training program.
- Injury during the study period or incomplete participation in the assessment procedures.
Plan studiów
Jak projektuje się badanie?
Szczegóły projektu
- Główny cel: Zapobieganie
- Przydział: Randomizowane
- Model interwencyjny: Przydział równoległy
- Maskowanie: Brak (otwarta etykieta)
Broń i interwencje
Grupa uczestników / Arm |
Interwencja / Leczenie |
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Eksperymentalny: Cognitive Training Group
Participants received a four-week tablet-based cognitive training program (20-30 minutes/session, three sessions/week) in addition to their routine volleyball training. |
A structured four-week tablet-based cognitive training program was administered three times per week for approximately 20-30 minutes per session. The program included computerized exercises targeting inhibitory control, working memory, cognitive flexibility, attention, and processing speed using validated cognitive training applications. Participants continued their routine volleyball training according to their regular training schedule. |
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Aktywny komparator: Control Group
Participants continued their routine volleyball training without additional cognitive training. |
Participants continued their routine volleyball training according to their regular training schedule. |
Co mierzy badanie?
Podstawowe miary wyniku
Miara wyniku |
Opis środka |
Ramy czasowe |
|---|---|---|
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Change in Stroop Interference Time
Ramy czasowe: Baseline and Week 4
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Change from baseline to Week 4 in Stroop interference time, calculated as the difference between the mean reaction time under incongruent and neutral conditions, measured in milliseconds (ms) using the computerized Stroop Color and Word Test. |
Baseline and Week 4
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Change in Trail Making Test-A Completion Time
Ramy czasowe: Baseline and Week 4
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Change from baseline to Week 4 in the time required to complete the Trail Making Test-A, measured in seconds (s). |
Baseline and Week 4
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Change in Go/No-Go Reaction Time
Ramy czasowe: Baseline and Week 4
|
Change from baseline to Week 4 in mean reaction time during the computerized Go/No-Go Test, measured in milliseconds (ms) during correct Go responses. |
Baseline and Week 4
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Change in 2-Back Accuracy
Ramy czasowe: Baseline and Week 4
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Change from baseline to Week 4 in working memory accuracy during the computerized 2-Back Test, measured as percentage of correct responses (%). |
Baseline and Week 4
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Change in 2-Back Reaction Time
Ramy czasowe: Baseline and Week 4
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Change from baseline to Week 4 in mean reaction time during correct responses in the computerized 2-Back Test, measured in milliseconds (ms). |
Baseline and Week 4
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Miary wyników drugorzędnych
Miara wyniku |
Opis środka |
Ramy czasowe |
|---|---|---|
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Change in On-Court Decision-Making Accuracy
Ramy czasowe: Baseline and Week 4
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Change from baseline to Week 4 in volleyball-specific decision-making accuracy assessed using a video-based temporal occlusion test, measured as the number of correct decisions (0-25). |
Baseline and Week 4
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Change in On-Court Decision-Making Response Time
Ramy czasowe: Baseline and Week 4
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Change from baseline to Week 4 in volleyball-specific decision-making response time assessed using a video-based temporal occlusion test, measured in milliseconds (ms). |
Baseline and Week 4
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Współpracownicy i badacze
Sponsor
Daty zapisu na studia
Główne daty studiów
Rozpoczęcie studiów (Rzeczywisty)
Zakończenie podstawowe (Rzeczywisty)
Ukończenie studiów (Rzeczywisty)
Daty rejestracji na studia
Pierwszy przesłany
Pierwszy przesłany, który spełnia kryteria kontroli jakości
Pierwszy wysłany (Rzeczywisty)
Aktualizacje rekordów badań
Ostatnia wysłana aktualizacja (Rzeczywisty)
Ostatnia przesłana aktualizacja, która spełniała kryteria kontroli jakości
Ostatnia weryfikacja
Więcej informacji
Terminy związane z tym badaniem
Słowa kluczowe
Inne numery identyfikacyjne badania
- FU_MGBeydagi_Vole_B_2026/06-29
Plan dla danych uczestnika indywidualnego (IPD)
Planujesz udostępniać dane poszczególnych uczestników (IPD)?
Opis planu IPD
Individual participant data (de-identified) that underlie the results reported in this study will be made available upon reasonable request to the corresponding author. Data will be available beginning 6 months after publication and ending 5 years after publication. Researchers who provide a methodologically sound proposal for achieving the aims of an approved proposal will be granted access after signing a data access agreement.
Informacje o lekach i urządzeniach, dokumenty badawcze
Bada produkt leczniczy regulowany przez amerykańską FDA
Bada produkt urządzenia regulowany przez amerykańską FDA
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