Effects of Cognitive Training on Executive Functions and Decision-Making in Adolescent Female Volleyball Players
Effects of a Short-Term Cognitive Training Programme on Executive Functions and On-Court Decision-Making Performance in Adolescent Female Volleyball Players: A Randomized Controlled Trial
This randomized controlled trial aims to evaluate the effects of a four-week tablet-based cognitive training program on executive functions and on-court decision-making performance in adolescent female volleyball players. Fifty licensed female volleyball players aged 12 to 14 years were randomly assigned to either an intervention group or a control group. The intervention group received cognitive training three times per week in addition to routine volleyball training, while the control group continued routine training only. Executive functions were assessed using the Stroop Test, Trail Making Test-A, Go/No-Go Test, and 2-Back Test. Volleyball-specific decision-making performance was evaluated using a video-based temporal occlusion test. The study investigates whether improvements in executive functions following cognitive training transfer to sport-specific decision-making performance.
A tanulmány áttekintése
Állapot
Körülmények
Beavatkozás / kezelés
Részletes leírás
Executive functions, including inhibitory control, working memory, cognitive flexibility, and attentional control, play an important role in sports requiring rapid perception and decision-making, such as volleyball. Although previous studies have shown that cognitive training can improve executive functions, evidence regarding the transfer of these improvements to sport-specific performance remains inconsistent.
The purpose of this randomized controlled study is to investigate the effects of a short-term tablet-based cognitive training program on executive functions and volleyball-specific on-court decision-making performance in adolescent female volleyball players.
Fifty licensed female volleyball players aged 12 to 14 years participated in the study. Participants were randomly allocated to an intervention group or a control group. The intervention group completed a four-week cognitive training program consisting of three supervised sessions per week (20-30 minutes per session) in addition to routine volleyball training. The control group continued routine volleyball training without additional cognitive training.
Primary assessments included executive function measures obtained using the Stroop Test, Trail Making Test-A (TMT-A), Go/No-Go Test, and 2-Back Test. Volleyball-specific decision-making performance was evaluated using a video-based temporal occlusion paradigm, with decision-making accuracy and response time recorded before and after the intervention.
The study aims to determine whether short-term cognitive training improves executive function performance (near transfer) and whether these cognitive improvements translate into enhanced sport-specific decision-making performance (far transfer) in adolescent female volleyball players.
Tanulmány típusa
Beiratkozás (Tényleges)
Fázis
- Nem alkalmazható
Kapcsolatok és helyek
Tanulmányi helyek
-
-
Merkez
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Elâzığ, Merkez, Törökország (Türkiye), 23200
- Firat University
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Részvételi kritériumok
Jogosultsági kritériumok
Tanulmányozható életkorok
Egészséges önkénteseket fogad
Tanulmányozható nemek
Leírás
Inclusion Criteria:
- Female volleyball players aged 12 to 14 years.
- Licensed volleyball players with at least 1 year of playing experience.
- Regular participation in volleyball training during the previous 6 months.
- Written informed consent obtained from both participants and their parents/legal guardians.
Exclusion Criteria:
- History of neurological or psychiatric disorders.
- Visual or hearing impairment that could affect cognitive testing.
- Serious musculoskeletal injury within the previous 6 months.
- Previous participation in a structured cognitive training program.
- Injury during the study period or incomplete participation in the assessment procedures.
Tanulási terv
Hogyan készül a tanulmány?
Tervezési részletek
- Elsődleges cél: Megelőzés
- Kiosztás: Véletlenszerűsített
- Beavatkozó modell: Párhuzamos hozzárendelés
- Maszkolás: Nincs (Open Label)
Fegyverek és beavatkozások
Résztvevő csoport / kar |
Beavatkozás / kezelés |
|---|---|
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Kísérleti: Cognitive Training Group
Participants received a four-week tablet-based cognitive training program (20-30 minutes/session, three sessions/week) in addition to their routine volleyball training. |
A structured four-week tablet-based cognitive training program was administered three times per week for approximately 20-30 minutes per session. The program included computerized exercises targeting inhibitory control, working memory, cognitive flexibility, attention, and processing speed using validated cognitive training applications. Participants continued their routine volleyball training according to their regular training schedule. |
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Aktív összehasonlító: Control Group
Participants continued their routine volleyball training without additional cognitive training. |
Participants continued their routine volleyball training according to their regular training schedule. |
Mit mér a tanulmány?
Elsődleges eredményintézkedések
Eredménymérő |
Intézkedés leírása |
Időkeret |
|---|---|---|
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Change in Stroop Interference Time
Időkeret: Baseline and Week 4
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Change from baseline to Week 4 in Stroop interference time, calculated as the difference between the mean reaction time under incongruent and neutral conditions, measured in milliseconds (ms) using the computerized Stroop Color and Word Test. |
Baseline and Week 4
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Change in Trail Making Test-A Completion Time
Időkeret: Baseline and Week 4
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Change from baseline to Week 4 in the time required to complete the Trail Making Test-A, measured in seconds (s). |
Baseline and Week 4
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Change in Go/No-Go Reaction Time
Időkeret: Baseline and Week 4
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Change from baseline to Week 4 in mean reaction time during the computerized Go/No-Go Test, measured in milliseconds (ms) during correct Go responses. |
Baseline and Week 4
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Change in 2-Back Accuracy
Időkeret: Baseline and Week 4
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Change from baseline to Week 4 in working memory accuracy during the computerized 2-Back Test, measured as percentage of correct responses (%). |
Baseline and Week 4
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Change in 2-Back Reaction Time
Időkeret: Baseline and Week 4
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Change from baseline to Week 4 in mean reaction time during correct responses in the computerized 2-Back Test, measured in milliseconds (ms). |
Baseline and Week 4
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Másodlagos eredményintézkedések
Eredménymérő |
Intézkedés leírása |
Időkeret |
|---|---|---|
|
Change in On-Court Decision-Making Accuracy
Időkeret: Baseline and Week 4
|
Change from baseline to Week 4 in volleyball-specific decision-making accuracy assessed using a video-based temporal occlusion test, measured as the number of correct decisions (0-25). |
Baseline and Week 4
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Change in On-Court Decision-Making Response Time
Időkeret: Baseline and Week 4
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Change from baseline to Week 4 in volleyball-specific decision-making response time assessed using a video-based temporal occlusion test, measured in milliseconds (ms). |
Baseline and Week 4
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Együttműködők és nyomozók
Szponzor
Tanulmányi rekorddátumok
Tanulmány főbb dátumok
Tanulmány kezdete (Tényleges)
Elsődleges befejezés (Tényleges)
A tanulmány befejezése (Tényleges)
Tanulmányi regisztráció dátumai
Először benyújtva
Először nyújtották be, amely megfelel a minőségbiztosítási kritériumoknak
Első közzététel (Tényleges)
Tanulmányi rekordok frissítései
Utolsó frissítés közzétéve (Tényleges)
Az utolsó frissítés elküldve, amely megfelel a minőségbiztosítási kritériumoknak
Utolsó ellenőrzés
Több információ
A tanulmányhoz kapcsolódó kifejezések
Kulcsszavak
Egyéb vizsgálati azonosító számok
- FU_MGBeydagi_Vole_B_2026/06-29
Terv az egyéni résztvevői adatokhoz (IPD)
Tervezi megosztani az egyéni résztvevői adatokat (IPD)?
IPD terv leírása
Individual participant data (de-identified) that underlie the results reported in this study will be made available upon reasonable request to the corresponding author. Data will be available beginning 6 months after publication and ending 5 years after publication. Researchers who provide a methodologically sound proposal for achieving the aims of an approved proposal will be granted access after signing a data access agreement.
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