Obsessive-compulsive disorder
Dan J Stein, Daniel L C Costa, Christine Lochner, Euripedes C Miguel, Y C Janardhan Reddy, Roseli G Shavitt, Odile A van den Heuvel, H Blair Simpson, Dan J Stein, Daniel L C Costa, Christine Lochner, Euripedes C Miguel, Y C Janardhan Reddy, Roseli G Shavitt, Odile A van den Heuvel, H Blair Simpson
Abstract
Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) is a highly prevalent and chronic condition that is associated with substantial global disability. OCD is the key example of the 'obsessive-compulsive and related disorders', a group of conditions which are now classified together in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition, and the International Classification of Diseases, 11th Revision, and which are often underdiagnosed and undertreated. In addition, OCD is an important example of a neuropsychiatric disorder in which rigorous research on phenomenology, psychobiology, pharmacotherapy and psychotherapy has contributed to better recognition, assessment and outcomes. Although OCD is a relatively homogenous disorder with similar symptom dimensions globally, individualized assessment of symptoms, the degree of insight, and the extent of comorbidity is needed. Several neurobiological mechanisms underlying OCD have been identified, including specific brain circuits that underpin OCD. In addition, laboratory models have demonstrated how cellular and molecular dysfunction underpins repetitive stereotyped behaviours, and the genetic architecture of OCD is increasingly understood. Effective treatments for OCD include serotonin reuptake inhibitors and cognitive-behavioural therapy, and neurosurgery for those with intractable symptoms. Integration of global mental health and translational neuroscience approaches could further advance knowledge on OCD and improve clinical outcomes.
Conflict of interest statement
Competing interests
D.J.S. has received research grants and/or consultancy honoraria from Lundbeck and Sun, and is also on the scientific advisory board of the TLC Foundation for Body-Focused Repetitive Behaviours, the Anxiety and Depression Association of America (ADAA), and the South African Depression and Anxiety Support Group. D.L.C.C. has received consultancy honoraria from Pfizer and Libbs, and a scholarship from Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de Sao Paulo (Sao Paulo State Foundation for Research Support). E.C.M. has received a productivity grant from the Brazilian National Council for Scientific and Technological Development. Y.C.J.R. has been involved in a study on bipolar disorder, supported by GlaxoSmithKline, and is also lead author on clinical guidelines on OCD produced by the Indian Psychiatric Society. R.G.S. has received consultancy honoraria from Lundbeck, and she receives a productivity grant from the Brazilian National Council for Scientific and Technological Development. H.B.S. has received research grants from Biohaven Pharmaceuticals and royalties from UpToDate, Inc. and Cambridge University Press. She is also on the Board of Directors and the Scientific Advisory Board of ADAA, and is an Associate Editor at JAMA Psychiatry. All other authors declare no competing interests.
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Source: PubMed