Prevention of Pregnancy-associated Malaria in HIV-infected Women: Cotrimoxazole Prophylaxis Versus Mefloquine (PACOME)

January 21, 2013 updated by: Lise Denoeud-Ndam, Institut de Recherche pour le Developpement

Prevention of Pregnancy-associated Malaria in HIV-infected Women : Randomised Controlled Trial Testing Cotrimoxazole Prophylaxis Versus Intermittent Preventive Treatment With Mefloquine

The purpose of this study is to evaluate the efficacy of cotrimoxazole prophylaxis in prevention of malaria during pregnancy in HIV-infected women, compared to intermittent preventive treatment with mefloquine.

Study Overview

Status

Status

Indicates the current recruitment status or the expanded access status.
Completed

Conditions

Conditions

The disease, disorder, syndrome, illness, or injury that is being studied. On ClinicalTrials.gov, conditions may also include other health-related issues, such as lifespan, quality of life, and health risks.

Intervention / Treatment

Intervention / Treatment

A process or action that is the focus of a clinical study. Interventions include drugs, medical devices, procedures, vaccines, and other products that are either investigational or already available. Interventions can also include noninvasive approaches, such as education or modifying diet and exercise.

Detailed Description

Malaria infection during pregnancy can have adverse effects on both mother and fetus, including maternal anaemia and low birth weight which are responsible for mother and infant mortality. It is a particular problem for women in their first and second pregnancies and for women who are HIV-positive. Maternal HIV infection potentiates many of these adverse effects. In HIV-infected women, the World Health Organization (WHO) advocates the use of insecticide-treated bednets, and drugs : If the CD4 cell count is below 350/mm3 or the HIV disease is in WHO stage 2, 3 or 4, cotrimoxazole prophylaxis for the prevention of pneumocystosis and toxoplasmosis is indicated, that is assumed to also protect those women from malaria. Otherwise, they have to receive at least three doses of intermittent preventive treatment (IPT), most commonly with sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine (SP) given at the antenatal care visits. If IPT with SP has been a subject of many investigations, cotrimoxazole efficacy has never been assessed in prevention of malaria during pregnancy.

The investigators aim to evaluate the efficacy of cotrimoxazole prophylaxis in prevention of malaria during pregnancy in HIV-infected women. The investigators postulate that cotrimoxazole prophylaxis is not inferior to IPT in all women, unrelated to their CD4 cell count. In the control arm, the investigators will use mefloquine as IPT. The safety and efficacy of this drug have already been assessed in HIV-negative patients (NCT00274235).

A randomized controlled trial will be conducted in five hospitals in Benin. Pregnant women will be enrolled both in the Antenatal Care unit and in the Infectious Diseases unit of each setting. All women will receive insecticide-treated bednets at enrolment. Randomization will be stratified by hospital and CD4 cell count range. Women assigned to cotrimoxazole will receive cotrimoxazole prophylaxis daily during all the course of pregnancy. Women assigned to mefloquine IPT will receive mefloquine three times during pregnancy. Women randomised in this arm and having a low CD4 cell count or an advanced HIV disease will also receive cotrimoxazole prophylaxis in prevention of HIV/AIDS opportunistic infections. Drug efficacy will be judged on the prevalence of placental malaria at delivery.

This study will contribute to updating the recommendations concerning the prevention of malaria during pregnancy in HIV-infected women.

Study Type

Study Type

Describes the nature of a clinical study. Study types include interventional studies (also called clinical trials), observational studies (including patient registries), and expanded access.
Interventional

Enrollment (Actual)

Enrollment

The number of participants in a clinical study. The "anticipated" enrollment is the target number of participants that the researchers need for the study.
430

Phase

Phase

The stage of a clinical trial studying a drug or biological product, based on definitions developed by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA). The phase is based on the study's objective, the number of participants, and other characteristics. There are five phases: Early Phase 1 (formerly listed as Phase 0), Phase 1, Phase 2, Phase 3, and Phase 4. Not Applicable is used to describe trials without FDA-defined phases, including trials of devices or behavioral interventions.
  • Phase 3

Contacts and Locations

This section provides the contact details for those conducting the study, and information on where this study is being conducted.

Study Locations

  • Benin
      • Cotonou, Benin
        • Hôpital d'Instruction des Armées Camp Guézo
      • Cotonou, Benin
        • Hôpital de la Mère et de l'Enfant Lagune
      • Cotonou, Benin
        • Hôpital de zone de Suru Lere
      • Cotonou, Benin
        • Unviversity Hospital Hubert Koutoukou Maga
      • Porto-Novo, Benin
        • Clinique Louis Pasteur

Participation Criteria

Researchers look for people who fit a certain description, called eligibility criteria. Some examples of these criteria are a person's general health condition or prior treatments.

Eligibility Criteria

Eligibility Criteria

The key requirements that people who want to participate in a clinical study must meet or the characteristics they must have. Eligibility criteria consist of both inclusion criteria (which are required for a person to participate in the study) and exclusion criteria (which prevent a person from participating). Types of eligibility criteria include whether a study accepts healthy volunteers, has age or age group requirements, or is limited by sex.

Ages Eligible for Study

18 years and older (Adult, Older Adult)

Accepts Healthy Volunteers

No

Genders Eligible for Study

Female

Description

Inclusion Criteria:

  • Confirmed HIV seropositivity
  • Permanent residency in the study catchment's area
  • Confirmed pregnancy, gestational age< 28 weeks
  • More than 18 years of age
  • Karnofsky index ≥80
  • Willingness to deliver at the hospital
  • Written informed consent

Exclusion Criteria:

  • History of allergy to study drugs : sulpha drugs, mefloquine, quinine
  • History or presence of major illnesses : severe renal disease , severe hepatic disease, severe neuropsychiatric disease
  • Mefloquine or halofantrine received within the 4 weeks prior to enrolment

Study Plan

This section provides details of the study plan, including how the study is designed and what the study is measuring.

How is the study designed?

Design Details

  • Primary Purpose: Prevention
  • Allocation: Randomized
  • Interventional Model: Parallel Assignment
  • Masking: None (Open Label)

Arms and Interventions

Participant Group / Arm

Participant Group / Arm

A group or subgroup of participants in a clinical trial that receives a specific intervention/treatment, or no intervention, according to the trial's protocol.
Intervention / Treatment

Intervention / Treatment

A process or action that is the focus of a clinical study. Interventions include drugs, medical devices, procedures, vaccines, and other products that are either investigational or already available. Interventions can also include noninvasive approaches, such as education or modifying diet and exercise.
Experimental: cotrimoxazole (high)
CD4 cell count≥350/mm3
Drug: cotrimoxazole
800 mg sulfamethoxazole and 160 mg trimethoprim daily, from 28 weeks of gestation until delivery
Active Comparator: mefloquine
CD4 cell count≥350/mm3
Drug: mefloquine
mefloquine 15 mg/Kg three times, between 16 and 28 weeks, 24 and 32 weeks, then 28 and 36 weeks of pregnancy
Experimental: cotrimoxazole (low)
CD4 cell count<350/mm3
Drug: cotrimoxazole
800 mg sulfamethoxazole and 160 mg trimethoprim daily, from 28 weeks of gestation until delivery
Active Comparator: mefloquine & cotrimoxazole
CD4 cell count<350/mm3
Drug: cotrimoxazole
800 mg sulfamethoxazole and 160 mg trimethoprim daily, from 28 weeks of gestation until delivery
Drug: mefloquine
mefloquine 15 mg/Kg three times, between 16 and 28 weeks, 24 and 32 weeks, then 28 and 36 weeks of pregnancy

What is the study measuring?

Primary Outcome Measures

Primary Outcome Measures

In a clinical study's protocol, the planned outcome measure that is the most important for evaluating the effect of an intervention/treatment. Most clinical studies have one primary outcome measure, but some have more than one.
Outcome Measure
Time Frame
proportion of placental malaria (presence of parasites in the placental blood smear at delivery)
Time Frame: delivery
delivery

Secondary Outcome Measures

Secondary Outcome Measures

In a clinical study's protocol, a planned outcome measure that is not as important as the primary outcome measure for evaluating the effect of an intervention but is still of interest. Most clinical studies have more than one secondary outcome measure.
Outcome Measure
Time Frame
placental malaria mean parasite density at delivery
Time Frame: delivery
delivery
proportion of low birth weight infants (<2500 g) and mean birth weight
Time Frame: delivery
delivery
proportion of maternal anaemia (<11g/dl) and severe maternal anaemia (<8g/dl) at delivery and during pregnancy
Time Frame: course of pregnancy and delivery
course of pregnancy and delivery
cord blood malaria infection at delivery (infant parasitemia)
Time Frame: delivery
delivery
pre-term deliveries (< 37 weeks)
Time Frame: delivery
delivery
spontaneous abortions (early:<28 weeks, late: ≥28 weeks) and still births
Time Frame: course of pregnancy
course of pregnancy
congenital anomalies
Time Frame: first 6 months of life
first 6 months of life
safety profile of the two treatments: proportion and detailed description of adverse effects in each treatment arm
Time Frame: course of pregnancy (mother) anf first 6 months of life (infant)
course of pregnancy (mother) anf first 6 months of life (infant)
Mother-to-child HIV transmission rate in each treatment arm
Time Frame: 2 months after breastfeeding cessation
2 months after breastfeeding cessation
To document the effect of cotrimoxazole in reducing infections in HIV-infected women, we will measure the incidence of bacterial and parasitic infections (other than malaria) during pregnancy
Time Frame: course of pregnancy
course of pregnancy

Collaborators and Investigators

This is where you will find people and organizations involved with this study.

Sponsor

Sponsor

The organization or person who initiates the study and who has authority and control over the study.
Institut de Recherche pour le Developpement

Collaborators

Collaborators

An organization other than the sponsor that provides support for a clinical study. This support may include activities related to funding, design, implementation, data analysis, or reporting.
Saint Antoine University Hospital
Ministry of Health, Benin
Sidaction
National University Hospital, Cotonou
Université d'Abomey-Calavi

Investigators

Investigators

A researcher involved in a clinical study. Related terms include site principal investigator, site sub-investigator, study chair, study director, and study principal investigator.
  • Principal Investigator: Marcel D Zannou, Professor, Cotonou University Hospital & Faculté des Sciences de la Santé, Benin
  • Study Chair: Pierre-Marie Girard, Professor, Saint Antoine Hospital, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux se Paris
  • Study Director: Michel Cot, MD, PHD, Institut de Recherche pour le Developpement

Publications and helpful links

The person responsible for entering information about the study voluntarily provides these publications. These may be about anything related to the study.

General Publications

Study record dates

These dates track the progress of study record and summary results submissions to ClinicalTrials.gov. Study records and reported results are reviewed by the National Library of Medicine (NLM) to make sure they meet specific quality control standards before being posted on the public website.

Study Major Dates

Study Start

Study Start

The actual date on which the first participant was enrolled in a clinical study. The "anticipated" study start date is the date that the researchers think will be the study start date.
December 1, 2009

Primary Completion (Actual)

Primary Completion

The date on which the last participant in a clinical study was examined or received an intervention to collect final data for the primary outcome measure. Whether the clinical study ended according to the protocol or was terminated does not affect this date. For clinical studies with more than one primary outcome measure with different completion dates, this term refers to the date on which data collection is completed for all the primary outcome measures. The "anticipated" primary completion date is the date that the researchers think will be the primary completion date for the study.
July 1, 2012

Study Completion (Actual)

Study Completion

The date on which the last participant in a clinical study was examined or received an intervention/treatment to collect final data for the primary outcome measures, secondary outcome measures, and adverse events (that is, the last participant's last visit). The "anticipated" study completion date is the date that the researchers think will be the study completion date.
December 1, 2012

Study Registration Dates

First Submitted

First Submitted

The date on which the study sponsor or investigator first submitted a study record to ClinicalTrials.gov. There is typically a delay of a few days between the first submitted date and the record's availability on ClinicalTrials.gov (the first posted date).
September 2, 2009

First Submitted That Met QC Criteria

First Submitted That Met QC Criteria

The date on which the study sponsor or investigator first submits a study record that is consistent with National Library of Medicine (NLM) quality control (QC) review criteria. The sponsor or investigator may need to revise and submit a study record one or more times before NLM's QC review criteria are met. It is the responsibility of the sponsor or investigator to ensure that the study record is consistent with the NLM QC review criteria.
September 2, 2009

First Posted (Estimate)

First Posted

The date on which the study record was first available on ClinicalTrials.gov after National Library of Medicine (NLM) quality control (QC) review has concluded. There is typically a delay of a few days between the date the study sponsor or investigator submitted the study record and the first posted date.
September 3, 2009

Study Record Updates

Last Update Posted (Estimate)

Last Update Posted

The most recent date on which changes to a study record were made available on ClinicalTrials.gov. There may be a delay between when the changes were submitted to ClinicalTrials.gov by the study's sponsor or investigator (the last update submitted date) and the last update posted date.
January 23, 2013

Last Update Submitted That Met QC Criteria

Last Update Submitted That Met QC Criteria

The most recent date on which the study sponsor or investigator submitted changes to a study record that are consistent with National Library of Medicine (NLM) quality control (QC) review criteria. It is the responsibility of the sponsor or investigator to ensure that the study record is consistent with the NLM QC review criteria.
January 21, 2013

Last Verified

Last Verified

The most recent date on which the study sponsor or investigator confirmed the information about a clinical study on ClinicalTrials.gov as accurate and current. If a study with a recruitment status of recruiting; not yet recruiting; or active, not recruiting has not been confirmed within the past 2 years, the study's recruitment status is shown as unknown.
January 1, 2013

More Information

Terms related to this study

Keywords

Additional Relevant MeSH Terms

Other Study ID Numbers

Other Study ID Numbers

Identifiers or ID numbers other than the NCT number that are assigned to a clinical study by the study's sponsor, funders, or others. These numbers may include unique identifiers from other trial registries and National Institutes of Health grant numbers.
  • IRD-Sidaction-01

Drug and device information, study documents

Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated drug product

No

Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated device product

No

product manufactured in and exported from the U.S.

No

This information was retrieved directly from the website clinicaltrials.gov without any changes. If you have any requests to change, remove or update your study details, please contact register@clinicaltrials.gov. As soon as a change is implemented on clinicaltrials.gov, this will be updated automatically on our website as well.

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