Randomized Clinical Trial of an Exposure-based Cognitive Therapy for Depression

October 30, 2012 updated by: University of Zurich

Explicit and Implicit Change of Depression in Exposure-based Cognitive Therapy

The purpose of this study is to investigate, if exposure-based cognitive therapy (EBCT) is at least as effective as the established cognitive-behavioral therapy and more effective in its long-term efficacy. Moreover the mechanisms of change of the EBCT are investigated.

Study Overview

Status

Status

Indicates the current recruitment status or the expanded access status.
Unknown

Conditions

Conditions

The disease, disorder, syndrome, illness, or injury that is being studied. On ClinicalTrials.gov, conditions may also include other health-related issues, such as lifespan, quality of life, and health risks.

Intervention / Treatment

Intervention / Treatment

A process or action that is the focus of a clinical study. Interventions include drugs, medical devices, procedures, vaccines, and other products that are either investigational or already available. Interventions can also include noninvasive approaches, such as education or modifying diet and exercise.

Study Type

Study Type

Describes the nature of a clinical study. Study types include interventional studies (also called clinical trials), observational studies (including patient registries), and expanded access.
Interventional

Enrollment (Anticipated)

Enrollment

The number of participants in a clinical study. The "anticipated" enrollment is the target number of participants that the researchers need for the study.
142

Phase

Phase

The stage of a clinical trial studying a drug or biological product, based on definitions developed by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA). The phase is based on the study's objective, the number of participants, and other characteristics. There are five phases: Early Phase 1 (formerly listed as Phase 0), Phase 1, Phase 2, Phase 3, and Phase 4. Not Applicable is used to describe trials without FDA-defined phases, including trials of devices or behavioral interventions.
  • Phase 2

Contacts and Locations

This section provides the contact details for those conducting the study, and information on where this study is being conducted.

Study Locations

  • Switzerland
    • ZH
      • Zurich, ZH, Switzerland, 8050
        • University of Zurich, Department of Psychology

Participation Criteria

Researchers look for people who fit a certain description, called eligibility criteria. Some examples of these criteria are a person's general health condition or prior treatments.

Eligibility Criteria

Eligibility Criteria

The key requirements that people who want to participate in a clinical study must meet or the characteristics they must have. Eligibility criteria consist of both inclusion criteria (which are required for a person to participate in the study) and exclusion criteria (which prevent a person from participating). Types of eligibility criteria include whether a study accepts healthy volunteers, has age or age group requirements, or is limited by sex.

Ages Eligible for Study

18 years and older (Adult, Older Adult)

Accepts Healthy Volunteers

No

Genders Eligible for Study

All

Description

Inclusion Criteria:

  • Major Depressive Disorder according to DSM-IV as main diagnosis
  • minimum standardized depression scores (BDI >= 17; HAMD >=13)
  • minimum age of 18 years
  • informed consent to participate voluntarily in the study
  • sufficient German language skills

Exclusion Criteria:

  • acute suicidality
  • depressive disorder with mood-incongruent psychotic features
  • chronic depressive disorder
  • organic cause of depression
  • drug-induced depression
  • bipolar disorder
  • diagnosis of schizophrenia, schizophreniform, schizoaffective disorders, and/or psychosis NOS
  • comorbid dysthymia, psychotic disorder (acute or anamnestic), dementia, substance dependence, schizotypal/ borderline/ or antisocial personality disorder
  • psychopharmacological treatment other than antidepressants
  • antidepressant medication, if it is changed within one month prior to the beginning of psychotherapy
  • other simultaneous psychological treatments

Study Plan

This section provides details of the study plan, including how the study is designed and what the study is measuring.

How is the study designed?

Design Details

  • Primary Purpose: Treatment
  • Allocation: Randomized
  • Interventional Model: Parallel Assignment
  • Masking: Single

Arms and Interventions

Participant Group / Arm

Participant Group / Arm

A group or subgroup of participants in a clinical trial that receives a specific intervention/treatment, or no intervention, according to the trial's protocol.
Intervention / Treatment

Intervention / Treatment

A process or action that is the focus of a clinical study. Interventions include drugs, medical devices, procedures, vaccines, and other products that are either investigational or already available. Interventions can also include noninvasive approaches, such as education or modifying diet and exercise.
Active Comparator: Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy for Depression (CBT)
Behavioral: Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy for Depression
22 weekly sessions and 2 booster session of face to face outpatient psychotherapy; focus on cognitive restructuring without emotion-focused interventions
Experimental: Exposure-Based Cognitive Therapy for Depression (EBCT)
Behavioral: Exposure-Based Cognitive Therapy for Depression
22 weekly sessions and 2 booster session of face to face outpatient psychotherapy; focus on emotion-focused interventions

What is the study measuring?

Primary Outcome Measures

Primary Outcome Measures

In a clinical study's protocol, the planned outcome measure that is the most important for evaluating the effect of an intervention/treatment. Most clinical studies have one primary outcome measure, but some have more than one.
Outcome Measure
Time Frame
severity of depressive symptoms measured by the Beck-Depression-Inventory (BDI-II)
Time Frame: end of therapy, 6 month after end of therapy (follow up)
end of therapy, 6 month after end of therapy (follow up)

Secondary Outcome Measures

Secondary Outcome Measures

In a clinical study's protocol, a planned outcome measure that is not as important as the primary outcome measure for evaluating the effect of an intervention but is still of interest. Most clinical studies have more than one secondary outcome measure.
Outcome Measure
Time Frame
symptom impairment measured by the Brief Symptom Inventory (BSI)
Time Frame: end of therapy, 6-month follow up
end of therapy, 6-month follow up
quality of life measured by the WHO Quality of Life-BREF (WHOQOL-BREF)
Time Frame: end of therapy, 6-month follow-up
end of therapy, 6-month follow-up
interpersonal problems measured by the Inventory of Interpersonal Problems (IIP)
Time Frame: end of therapy, 6-month follow-up
end of therapy, 6-month follow-up
avoidance measured by the Cognitive-Behavioral Avoidance Scales (CBAS)
Time Frame: end of therapy, 6-month follow-up
end of therapy, 6-month follow-up
resources measured by the Bernese Inventory of Resources (RES-K)
Time Frame: end of therapy, 6-month follow-up
end of therapy, 6-month follow-up
explicit self-esteem measured by the Rosenberg self-esteem scale (RSES)
Time Frame: end of therapy, 6-month follow up
end of therapy, 6-month follow up
implicit self-esteem measured by the Self-Esteem Implicit Association Test (SE-IAT)
Time Frame: end of therapy
end of therapy
goal attainment measured by Goal Attainment Scaling (GAS)
Time Frame: end of therapy
end of therapy
avoidance motivation measured by the Inventory of Approach and Avoidance Motivation (IAAM)
Time Frame: end of therpy, 6-month follow-up
end of therpy, 6-month follow-up
motivational incongruence measured by The Incongruence Questionnaire (INC)
Time Frame: end of therapy, 6-month follow-up
end of therapy, 6-month follow-up

Collaborators and Investigators

This is where you will find people and organizations involved with this study.

Sponsor

Sponsor

The organization or person who initiates the study and who has authority and control over the study.
University of Zurich

Investigators

Investigators

A researcher involved in a clinical study. Related terms include site principal investigator, site sub-investigator, study chair, study director, and study principal investigator.
  • Principal Investigator: Martin Grosse Holtforth, Professor MD, University of Zurich, Department of Psychology

Publications and helpful links

The person responsible for entering information about the study voluntarily provides these publications. These may be about anything related to the study.

General Publications

Study record dates

These dates track the progress of study record and summary results submissions to ClinicalTrials.gov. Study records and reported results are reviewed by the National Library of Medicine (NLM) to make sure they meet specific quality control standards before being posted on the public website.

Study Major Dates

Study Start

Study Start

The actual date on which the first participant was enrolled in a clinical study. The "anticipated" study start date is the date that the researchers think will be the study start date.
January 1, 2010

Primary Completion (Anticipated)

Primary Completion

The date on which the last participant in a clinical study was examined or received an intervention to collect final data for the primary outcome measure. Whether the clinical study ended according to the protocol or was terminated does not affect this date. For clinical studies with more than one primary outcome measure with different completion dates, this term refers to the date on which data collection is completed for all the primary outcome measures. The "anticipated" primary completion date is the date that the researchers think will be the primary completion date for the study.
December 1, 2013

Study Completion (Anticipated)

Study Completion

The date on which the last participant in a clinical study was examined or received an intervention/treatment to collect final data for the primary outcome measures, secondary outcome measures, and adverse events (that is, the last participant's last visit). The "anticipated" study completion date is the date that the researchers think will be the study completion date.
March 1, 2014

Study Registration Dates

First Submitted

First Submitted

The date on which the study sponsor or investigator first submitted a study record to ClinicalTrials.gov. There is typically a delay of a few days between the first submitted date and the record's availability on ClinicalTrials.gov (the first posted date).
November 11, 2009

First Submitted That Met QC Criteria

First Submitted That Met QC Criteria

The date on which the study sponsor or investigator first submits a study record that is consistent with National Library of Medicine (NLM) quality control (QC) review criteria. The sponsor or investigator may need to revise and submit a study record one or more times before NLM's QC review criteria are met. It is the responsibility of the sponsor or investigator to ensure that the study record is consistent with the NLM QC review criteria.
November 11, 2009

First Posted (Estimate)

First Posted

The date on which the study record was first available on ClinicalTrials.gov after National Library of Medicine (NLM) quality control (QC) review has concluded. There is typically a delay of a few days between the date the study sponsor or investigator submitted the study record and the first posted date.
November 13, 2009

Study Record Updates

Last Update Posted (Estimate)

Last Update Posted

The most recent date on which changes to a study record were made available on ClinicalTrials.gov. There may be a delay between when the changes were submitted to ClinicalTrials.gov by the study's sponsor or investigator (the last update submitted date) and the last update posted date.
October 31, 2012

Last Update Submitted That Met QC Criteria

Last Update Submitted That Met QC Criteria

The most recent date on which the study sponsor or investigator submitted changes to a study record that are consistent with National Library of Medicine (NLM) quality control (QC) review criteria. It is the responsibility of the sponsor or investigator to ensure that the study record is consistent with the NLM QC review criteria.
October 30, 2012

Last Verified

Last Verified

The most recent date on which the study sponsor or investigator confirmed the information about a clinical study on ClinicalTrials.gov as accurate and current. If a study with a recruitment status of recruiting; not yet recruiting; or active, not recruiting has not been confirmed within the past 2 years, the study's recruitment status is shown as unknown.
October 1, 2012

More Information

Terms related to this study

Keywords

Additional Relevant MeSH Terms

Other Study ID Numbers

Other Study ID Numbers

Identifiers or ID numbers other than the NCT number that are assigned to a clinical study by the study's sponsor, funders, or others. These numbers may include unique identifiers from other trial registries and National Institutes of Health grant numbers.
  • PP00P1_ 123377

This information was retrieved directly from the website clinicaltrials.gov without any changes. If you have any requests to change, remove or update your study details, please contact register@clinicaltrials.gov. As soon as a change is implemented on clinicaltrials.gov, this will be updated automatically on our website as well.

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