The Effects of Music Therapy on Women's Anxiety Before and During Cesarean Delivery

November 6, 2017 updated by: Wake Forest University
The purpose of the study is to determine if listening to your choice of music with a portable mp3 player before and after a cesarean section for delivery of a baby will decrease the patient's anxiety level.

Study Overview

Status

Status

Indicates the current recruitment status or the expanded access status.
Completed

Conditions

Conditions

The disease, disorder, syndrome, illness, or injury that is being studied. On ClinicalTrials.gov, conditions may also include other health-related issues, such as lifespan, quality of life, and health risks.

Intervention / Treatment

Intervention / Treatment

A process or action that is the focus of a clinical study. Interventions include drugs, medical devices, procedures, vaccines, and other products that are either investigational or already available. Interventions can also include noninvasive approaches, such as education or modifying diet and exercise.

Detailed Description

Music has been suggested and evaluated as a therapeutic intervention to reduce preoperative anxiety for surgical patients. Music intervention in the immediate preoperative period may be effective in lowering anxiety levels during Cesarean delivery. If this investigation shows that music intervention before and after Cesarean delivery reduces anxiety levels, this intervention can be integrated into future operative care for women having scheduled or emergency Cesarean deliveries. Music therapy could be expanded to included patients undergoing other surgical procedures under regional anesthesia. The effect of reducing anxiety levels could aid in lactation initiation and improve infant bonding in new mothers, but it could also shorten postoperative recovery time for all surgical patients.

Study Type

Study Type

Describes the nature of a clinical study. Study types include interventional studies (also called clinical trials), observational studies (including patient registries), and expanded access.
Interventional

Enrollment (Actual)

Enrollment

The number of participants in a clinical study. The "anticipated" enrollment is the target number of participants that the researchers need for the study.
50

Phase

Phase

The stage of a clinical trial studying a drug or biological product, based on definitions developed by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA). The phase is based on the study's objective, the number of participants, and other characteristics. There are five phases: Early Phase 1 (formerly listed as Phase 0), Phase 1, Phase 2, Phase 3, and Phase 4. Not Applicable is used to describe trials without FDA-defined phases, including trials of devices or behavioral interventions.
  • Not Applicable

Contacts and Locations

This section provides the contact details for those conducting the study, and information on where this study is being conducted.

Study Locations

  • United States
    • North Carolina
      • Winston-Salem, North Carolina, United States, 27103
        • Forsyth Medical Center

Participation Criteria

Researchers look for people who fit a certain description, called eligibility criteria. Some examples of these criteria are a person's general health condition or prior treatments.

Eligibility Criteria

Eligibility Criteria

The key requirements that people who want to participate in a clinical study must meet or the characteristics they must have. Eligibility criteria consist of both inclusion criteria (which are required for a person to participate in the study) and exclusion criteria (which prevent a person from participating). Types of eligibility criteria include whether a study accepts healthy volunteers, has age or age group requirements, or is limited by sex.

Ages Eligible for Study

18 years to 50 years (Adult)

Accepts Healthy Volunteers

Yes

Genders Eligible for Study

Female

Description

Inclusion Criteria:Women age 18 and older with a history of one prior Cesarean delivery that are scheduled for a repeat Cesarean delivery under regional anesthesia, or women who are undergoing a primary cesarean section will be eligible to participate.

-

Exclusion Criteria:Women with cardiovascular disease, chronic hypertension, insulin dependent diabetes mellitus, multiple gestation pregnancies, psychiatric disorders, and fetal anomaly.

-

Study Plan

This section provides details of the study plan, including how the study is designed and what the study is measuring.

How is the study designed?

Design Details

  • Primary Purpose: Supportive Care
  • Allocation: Randomized
  • Interventional Model: Parallel Assignment
  • Masking: Single

Arms and Interventions

Participant Group / Arm

Participant Group / Arm

A group or subgroup of participants in a clinical trial that receives a specific intervention/treatment, or no intervention, according to the trial's protocol.
Intervention / Treatment

Intervention / Treatment

A process or action that is the focus of a clinical study. Interventions include drugs, medical devices, procedures, vaccines, and other products that are either investigational or already available. Interventions can also include noninvasive approaches, such as education or modifying diet and exercise.
Experimental: Music therapy
Experimental arm includes women undergoing cesarean section delivery listening to music before and after c/s. STAI will be completed pre and post operatively.
Other: Music group
The patients randomized to the music group of the study will listen to music 30 minutes in the holding room prior to their c/s. They will then listen to music after their c/s for 30 minutes. They will complete the STAI before and after their c/s.
Other: Non music group
Patients randomized to the non music group will complete the STAI before and after their c/s, but not listen to music.
No Intervention: No music group
Subjects will not listen to music before and after c/s. STAI will be completed pre and post operatively.

What is the study measuring?

Primary Outcome Measures

Primary Outcome Measures

In a clinical study's protocol, the planned outcome measure that is the most important for evaluating the effect of an intervention/treatment. Most clinical studies have one primary outcome measure, but some have more than one.
Outcome Measure
Time Frame
The intervention of patient-selected music before and after Cesarean delivery will decrease anxiety levels in a patient population undergoing Cesarean delivery.
Time Frame: Before and after cesarean delivery
Before and after cesarean delivery

Collaborators and Investigators

This is where you will find people and organizations involved with this study.

Sponsor

Sponsor

The organization or person who initiates the study and who has authority and control over the study.
Wake Forest University

Investigators

Investigators

A researcher involved in a clinical study. Related terms include site principal investigator, site sub-investigator, study chair, study director, and study principal investigator.
  • Principal Investigator: Heather Mertz, MD, Wake Forest University

Publications and helpful links

The person responsible for entering information about the study voluntarily provides these publications. These may be about anything related to the study.

General Publications

  • Zimpel SA, Torloni MR, Porfirio GJ, Flumignan RL, da Silva EM. Complementary and alternative therapies for post-caesarean pain. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2020 Sep 1;9(9):CD011216. doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD011216.pub2.
  • 1. Gori F, Pasqualucci A, Corradetti F, et al. Maternal and neonatal outcome after cesarean section: The impact of anesthesia. The Journal of Maternal-Fetal and Neonatal Medicine 2007; 20(1):53-57. 2. Wang S, Kulkarni L, Dolev J, et al. Music and preoperative anxiety: A randomized, controlled study. Anesth Analg 2002; 94(6):1489-1494. 3. Chang S, Chen C. Effects of music therapy on women's physiologic measures, anxiety, and satisfaction during Cesarean delivery. Research in Nursing & Health 2005; 28:453-461. 4. Danhauer SC, Marler B, Rutherford CA, Lovato JF, et al. Music or guided imagery for women undergoing colposcopy: A randomized controlled study of effects on anxiety, perceived pain, and patient satisfaction. J low genit tract dis 2007; 11:39-45. 5. Yung PMB, Kam SC, Lau BWK, et al. The effect of music in managing preoperative stress for Chinese surgical patients in the operating room holding area: A controlled trial. International Journal of Stress Management 2003; 10(1):64-74. 6. Gaberson KB. The effect of humorous and musical distraction on preoperative anxiety. AORN Journal 1995; 62(5):784-791. 7. Pan P, Coghill R, Houle T, et al. Multifactorial and preoperative predictors for postcesarean section pain and analgesic requirement. Anesthesiology 2006; 104:417-425. 8. Maes M, Libbrecht I, Lin A, et al. Effects of pregnancy and delivery on serum prolyl endopeptidase (PEP) activity: alterations in serum PEP are related to increased anxiety in the early puerperium and to postpartum depression. Journal of Affective Disorders 2000; 57:125-137. 9. Zanardo V, Trevisanuto D, and Freato F. Maternal anxiety impairs lactation initiation and maintenance. Pediatrics 2006; 117:1859-1860. 10. Hundley V, Gurney E, Graham W, et al. Can anxiety in pregnant women be measured using the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory? Midwifery 1998; 14:118-121. 11. Man AKY, Yap JCM, Kwan SY, et al. The effect of intra-operative video on patient anxiety. Anesthesia 2003; 58:64-68.

Study record dates

These dates track the progress of study record and summary results submissions to ClinicalTrials.gov. Study records and reported results are reviewed by the National Library of Medicine (NLM) to make sure they meet specific quality control standards before being posted on the public website.

Study Major Dates

Study Start

Study Start

The actual date on which the first participant was enrolled in a clinical study. The "anticipated" study start date is the date that the researchers think will be the study start date.
September 1, 2008

Primary Completion (Actual)

Primary Completion

The date on which the last participant in a clinical study was examined or received an intervention to collect final data for the primary outcome measure. Whether the clinical study ended according to the protocol or was terminated does not affect this date. For clinical studies with more than one primary outcome measure with different completion dates, this term refers to the date on which data collection is completed for all the primary outcome measures. The "anticipated" primary completion date is the date that the researchers think will be the primary completion date for the study.
December 1, 2014

Study Completion (Actual)

Study Completion

The date on which the last participant in a clinical study was examined or received an intervention/treatment to collect final data for the primary outcome measures, secondary outcome measures, and adverse events (that is, the last participant's last visit). The "anticipated" study completion date is the date that the researchers think will be the study completion date.
December 1, 2014

Study Registration Dates

First Submitted

First Submitted

The date on which the study sponsor or investigator first submitted a study record to ClinicalTrials.gov. There is typically a delay of a few days between the first submitted date and the record's availability on ClinicalTrials.gov (the first posted date).
January 13, 2010

First Submitted That Met QC Criteria

First Submitted That Met QC Criteria

The date on which the study sponsor or investigator first submits a study record that is consistent with National Library of Medicine (NLM) quality control (QC) review criteria. The sponsor or investigator may need to revise and submit a study record one or more times before NLM's QC review criteria are met. It is the responsibility of the sponsor or investigator to ensure that the study record is consistent with the NLM QC review criteria.
January 13, 2010

First Posted (Estimate)

First Posted

The date on which the study record was first available on ClinicalTrials.gov after National Library of Medicine (NLM) quality control (QC) review has concluded. There is typically a delay of a few days between the date the study sponsor or investigator submitted the study record and the first posted date.
January 14, 2010

Study Record Updates

Last Update Posted (Actual)

Last Update Posted

The most recent date on which changes to a study record were made available on ClinicalTrials.gov. There may be a delay between when the changes were submitted to ClinicalTrials.gov by the study's sponsor or investigator (the last update submitted date) and the last update posted date.
November 8, 2017

Last Update Submitted That Met QC Criteria

Last Update Submitted That Met QC Criteria

The most recent date on which the study sponsor or investigator submitted changes to a study record that are consistent with National Library of Medicine (NLM) quality control (QC) review criteria. It is the responsibility of the sponsor or investigator to ensure that the study record is consistent with the NLM QC review criteria.
November 6, 2017

Last Verified

Last Verified

The most recent date on which the study sponsor or investigator confirmed the information about a clinical study on ClinicalTrials.gov as accurate and current. If a study with a recruitment status of recruiting; not yet recruiting; or active, not recruiting has not been confirmed within the past 2 years, the study's recruitment status is shown as unknown.
December 1, 2014

More Information

Terms related to this study

Keywords

Other Study ID Numbers

Other Study ID Numbers

Identifiers or ID numbers other than the NCT number that are assigned to a clinical study by the study's sponsor, funders, or others. These numbers may include unique identifiers from other trial registries and National Institutes of Health grant numbers.
  • FMC 2007-0906

This information was retrieved directly from the website clinicaltrials.gov without any changes. If you have any requests to change, remove or update your study details, please contact register@clinicaltrials.gov. As soon as a change is implemented on clinicaltrials.gov, this will be updated automatically on our website as well.

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