Parents as the Agent of Change for Childhood Obesity (PAAC)
Study Overview
Status
Status
Conditions
Conditions
Intervention / Treatment
Intervention / Treatment
Detailed Description
Study Type
Study Type
Enrollment (Actual)
Enrollment
Phase
Phase
- Not Applicable
Contacts and Locations
Study Locations
-
-
California
-
La Jolla, California, United States, 92093
- UCSD Center for Healthy Eating and Activity Research (CHEAR)
-
-
Participation Criteria
Eligibility Criteria
Eligibility Criteria
Ages Eligible for Study
Accepts Healthy Volunteers
Genders Eligible for Study
Description
Inclusion Criteria:
- Overweight child 8-12 years of age and above the 95th% for age and gender
- An overweight (BMI > 25) parent willing to participate and attend all treatment meetings
- Eligible parent who can read at a minimum of an 8th grade level
- Family willing to commit to 5 months of treatment attendance, and follow-up for 18 months post-treatment.
Exclusion Criteria:
- Major child psychiatric disorder diagnoses
- Child diagnoses of a serious current physical disease (such as diabetes) for which physician supervision of diet and exercise prescription are needed (self-report)
- Family with restrictions on types of food, such as food allergies, religious, or ethnic practices that limit the foods available in the home
- Child with physical difficulties that limit the ability to exercise
- Child with an active eating disorder (based on EDE interview)
- Families where children or parents are involved in swimming or weight training more than 5 hours per week
- Major parent psychiatric disorder
Study Plan
How is the study designed?
Design Details
- Primary Purpose: Treatment
- Allocation: Randomized
- Interventional Model: Parallel Assignment
- Masking: None (Open Label)
Number of Arms
Arms and Interventions
Participant Group / ArmParticipant Group / Arm |
Intervention / TreatmentIntervention / Treatment |
|---|---|
|
Experimental: Parent-only Group
Treatment will be administered to parents of the overweight child.
Parent-only group treatment will include all of the same skills and techniques to promote weight loss, but the information will be delivered only to the parent.
Participation of the children assigned to the parent-only treatment arm will be limited to the baseline and follow-up assessments.
|
Parent-only group will include the same skills and techniques to promote weight loss as given to the parent + child group, but the information will be delivered only to the parent.
Parent group will be compared to the parent group of the parent + child treatment arm.
The focus will be on implementing skills learned to assist the child in weight management.
The treatment length is set for 12 weekly meetings and bi-monthly meetings during months 4 and 5.
Each group session will be 60-min including weigh-ins.
Group meetings focus on behavior change, weight loss, healthy eating and activity for the overweight child and parent.
Other Names:
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|
Active Comparator: Parent + child Group
The treatment for participants in the parent + child arm will be administered in two separate groups, one for the parents and one for the child.
|
The treatment for participants in the parent + child group will be administered in two separate groups, one for the parents and one for the child.
Treatment will include the same skills and techniques to promote weight loss as given to the parent-only group, but the information will be delivered to both the parent and child.
The treatment length, session schedule, treatment content and follow-up assessments are same as the parent-only group.
Other Names:
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What is the study measuring?
Primary Outcome Measures
Primary Outcome Measures
Outcome Measure |
Measure Description |
Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
|
To evaluate the efficacy of parent-only treatment versus parent + child treatment on the body weight of the target child
Time Frame: At post-treatment visit (after 6-month treatment)
|
The primary hypothesis is that the parent-only treatment will produce a decrease in the target child's weight (BMI for age percentile/BMI_Z) that is not inferior to the parent + child treatment immediately following treatment.
|
At post-treatment visit (after 6-month treatment)
|
|
To evaluate the efficacy of parent-only treatment versus parent + child treatment on the body weight of the target child
Time Frame: At post-treatment 6-month follow-up visit
|
The primary hypothesis is that the parent-only treatment will produce a decrease in the target child's weight (BMI for age percentile/BMI_Z) that is not inferior to the parent + child treatment at post-treatment 6-month follow-up visit.
|
At post-treatment 6-month follow-up visit
|
|
To evaluate the efficacy of parent-only treatment versus parent + child treatment on the body weight of the target child
Time Frame: At post-treatment 18-month follow-up visit
|
The primary hypothesis is that the parent-only treatment will produce a decrease in the target child's weight (BMI for age percentile/BMI_Z) that is not inferior to the parent + child treatment at post-treatment 18-month follow-up visit.
|
At post-treatment 18-month follow-up visit
|
Secondary Outcome Measures
Secondary Outcome Measures
Outcome Measure |
Measure Description |
Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
|
To evaluate the cost-effectiveness of parent-only treatment versus parent + child treatment
Time Frame: At post-treatment visit (after 6-month treatment)
|
We predict that the parent-only treatment will be more cost-effective than the parent + child group, as measured by calculating cost effectiveness ratios from both third party payer and limited societal perspectives at post-treatment visit (after 5-month treatment).
|
At post-treatment visit (after 6-month treatment)
|
|
To compare effect of parent-only treatment versus parent + child treatment on target child's and parent's dietary quality
Time Frame: At post-treatment (after 6-month treatment)
|
We hypothesize that the parent-only treatment will produce an effect on the target child's and parent's dietary quality that will support weight loss, of which is not inferior to the parent + child treatment.
The effect will be measured by assessing questionnaire measures specific for child and parent.
|
At post-treatment (after 6-month treatment)
|
|
To compare effect of parent-only treatment versus parent + child treatment on target child's and parent's exercise behavior
Time Frame: At post-treatment visit (after 6-month treatment)
|
We hypothesize that the parent-only treatment will produce an effect on the target child's and parent's exercise behavior that will support weight loss, of which is not inferior to the parent + child treatment.
The effect will be measured by assessing questionnaires specific for child and parent.
|
At post-treatment visit (after 6-month treatment)
|
|
To compare effect of parent-only treatment versus parent + child treatment on target child's and parent's quality of life
Time Frame: At post-treatment visit (after 6-month treatment)
|
We hypothesize that the parent-only treatment will produce an effect on the target child's and parent's quality of life consisting of physical comfort, body esteem, social life, and family relations that will support weight loss, of which is not inferior to the parent + child treatment.
The effect will be measured by assessing questionnaires specific for child and parent.
|
At post-treatment visit (after 6-month treatment)
|
|
To compare effect of parent-only treatment versus parent + child treatment on target child's and parent's psychosocial measures
Time Frame: At post-treatment visit (after 6-month treatment)
|
We hypothesize that the parent-only treatment will produce an effect on the target child's and parent's psychosocial measures, of which is not inferior to the parent + child treatment.
The effect will be measured by assessing questionnaires specific for child and parent.
|
At post-treatment visit (after 6-month treatment)
|
|
To compare effect of parent-only treatment versus parent + child treatment on parent's adherence
Time Frame: At post-treatment visit (after 6-month treatment)
|
We hypothesize that the parent-only treatment will produce an effect on the parent's adherence that will support weight loss, of which is not inferior to the parent + child treatment.
The effect will be measured by group attendance and adherence to behavior recommendations.
|
At post-treatment visit (after 6-month treatment)
|
|
To compare effect of parent-only treatment versus parent + child treatment on parenting style
Time Frame: At post-treatment visit (after 6-month treatment)
|
We hypothesize that the parent-only treatment will produce an effect on the parenting style that will support weight loss, of which is not inferior to the parent + child treatment.
The effect will be measured by assessing questionnaires specific for child and parent.
|
At post-treatment visit (after 6-month treatment)
|
|
To compare effect of parent-only treatment versus parent + child treatment on parent's weight loss
Time Frame: At post-treatment visit (after 6-month treatment)
|
We hypothesize that the parent-only treatment will produce parent weight loss (as measured by BMI) that is not inferior to the parent + child treatment.
|
At post-treatment visit (after 6-month treatment)
|
|
To evaluate the predictors of success in childhood obesity treatments by evaluating change in target child's and parent's weight
Time Frame: At post-treatment visit (after 6-month treatment)
|
A decrease in BMI percentile for age for target child and a decrease in BMI for parent will be evaluated.
|
At post-treatment visit (after 6-month treatment)
|
|
To evaluate the predictors of success in childhood obesity treatments by evaluating compliance
Time Frame: At post-treatment visit (after 6-month treatment)
|
Compliance will be measured by group attendance and adherence to behavior recommendations.
|
At post-treatment visit (after 6-month treatment)
|
|
To evaluate the predictors of success in childhood obesity treatments by evaluating changes in household food environment
Time Frame: At post-treatment visit (after 6-month treatment)
|
Changes in household food environment will be evaluated by assessing questionnaires specific for household food environment (Food Shelf Inventory).
|
At post-treatment visit (after 6-month treatment)
|
|
To evaluate the predictors of success in childhood obesity treatment by evaluating change in parenting style
Time Frame: At post-treatment visit (after 6-month treatment)
|
Changes in parenting style will be evaluated by assessing questionnaires that are specific to parenting style for child and parent.
|
At post-treatment visit (after 6-month treatment)
|
|
To evaluate the predictors of success in childhood obesity treatment by evaluating changes in target child's and parent's psychosocial functioning
Time Frame: At post-treatment visit (after 6-month treatment)
|
Changes in the target child's and parent's psychosocial functioning will be evaluated by assessing questionnaire measures specific to child and parent psychosocial functioning.
|
At post-treatment visit (after 6-month treatment)
|
|
To evaluate the cost-effectiveness of parent-only treatment versus parent + child treatment
Time Frame: At post-treatment 6-month follow-up visit
|
We predict that the parent-only treatment will be more cost-effective than the parent + child group, as measured by calculating cost effectiveness ratios from both third party payer and limited societal perspectives at post-treatment 6-month follow-up visit.
|
At post-treatment 6-month follow-up visit
|
|
To compare effect of parent-only treatment versus parent + child treatment on target child's and parent's dietary quality
Time Frame: At post-treatment 6-month follow-up visit
|
We hypothesize that the parent-only treatment will produce an effect on the target child's and parent's dietary quality that will support weight loss, of which is not inferior to the parent + child treatment.
The effect will be measured by assessing questionnaire measures specific for child and parent.
|
At post-treatment 6-month follow-up visit
|
|
To compare effect of parent-only treatment versus parent + child treatment on target child's and parent's dietary quality
Time Frame: At post-treatment 18-month follow-up visit
|
We hypothesize that the parent-only treatment will produce an effect on the target child's and parent's dietary quality that will support weight loss, of which is not inferior to the parent + child treatment.
The effect will be measured by assessing questionnaire measures specific for child and parent.
|
At post-treatment 18-month follow-up visit
|
|
To compare effect of parent-only treatment versus parent + child treatment on target child's and parent's exercise behavior
Time Frame: At post-treatment 6-month follow-up visit
|
We hypothesize that the parent-only treatment will produce an effect on the target child's and parent's exercise behavior that will support weight loss, of which is not inferior to the parent + child treatment.
The effect will be measured by assessing questionnaires specific for child and parent.
|
At post-treatment 6-month follow-up visit
|
|
To compare effect of parent-only treatment versus parent + child treatment on target child's and parent's exercise behavior
Time Frame: At post-treatment 18-month follow-up visit
|
We hypothesize that the parent-only treatment will produce an effect on the target child's and parent's exercise behavior that will support weight loss, of which is not inferior to the parent + child treatment.
The effect will be measured by assessing questionnaires specific for child and parent.
|
At post-treatment 18-month follow-up visit
|
|
To compare effect of parent-only treatment versus parent + child treatment on target child's and parent's quality of life
Time Frame: At post-treatment 6-month follow-up visit
|
We hypothesize that the parent-only treatment will produce an effect on the target child's and parent's quality of life consisting of physical comfort, body esteem, social life, and family relations that will support weight loss, of which is not inferior to the parent + child treatment.
The effect will be measured by assessing questionnaires specific for child and parent.
|
At post-treatment 6-month follow-up visit
|
|
To compare effect of parent-only treatment versus parent + child treatment on target child's and parent's quality of life
Time Frame: At post-treatment 18-month follow-up visit
|
We hypothesize that the parent-only treatment will produce an effect on the target child's and parent's quality of life consisting of physical comfort, body esteem, social life, and family relations that will support weight loss, of which is not inferior to the parent + child treatment.
The effect will be measured by assessing questionnaires specific for child and parent.
|
At post-treatment 18-month follow-up visit
|
|
To compare effect of parent-only treatment versus parent + child treatment on target child's and parent's psychosocial measures
Time Frame: At post-treatment 6-month follow-up visit
|
We hypothesize that the parent-only treatment will produce an effect on the target child's and parent's psychosocial measures, of which is not inferior to the parent + child treatment.
The effect will be measured by assessing questionnaires specific for child and parent.
|
At post-treatment 6-month follow-up visit
|
|
To compare effect of parent-only treatment versus parent + child treatment on target child's and parent's psychosocial measures
Time Frame: A post-treatment 18-month follow-up visit
|
We hypothesize that the parent-only treatment will produce an effect on the target child's and parent's psychosocial measures, of which is not inferior to the parent + child treatment.
The effect will be measured by assessing questionnaires specific for child and parent.
|
A post-treatment 18-month follow-up visit
|
|
To compare effect of parent-only treatment versus parent + child treatment on parent's adherence
Time Frame: At post-treatment 6-month follow-up visit
|
We hypothesize that the parent-only treatment will produce an effect on the parent's adherence that will support weight loss, of which is not inferior to the parent + child treatment.
The effect will be measured by group attendance and adherence to behavior recommendations.
|
At post-treatment 6-month follow-up visit
|
|
To compare effect of parent-only treatment versus parent + child treatment on parent's adherence
Time Frame: At post-treatment 18-month follow-up visit
|
We hypothesize that the parent-only treatment will produce an effect on the parent's adherence that will support weight loss, of which is not inferior to the parent + child treatment.
The effect will be measured by group attendance and adherence to behavior recommendations.
|
At post-treatment 18-month follow-up visit
|
|
To compare effect of parent-only treatment versus parent + child treatment on parenting style
Time Frame: At post-treatment 6-month follow-up visit
|
We hypothesize that the parent-only treatment will produce an effect on the parenting style that will support weight loss, of which is not inferior to the parent + child treatment.
The effect will be measured by assessing questionnaires specific for child and parent.
|
At post-treatment 6-month follow-up visit
|
|
To compare effect of parent-only treatment versus parent + child treatment on parenting style
Time Frame: At post-treatment 18-month follow-up visit
|
We hypothesize that the parent-only treatment will produce an effect on the parenting style that will support weight loss, of which is not inferior to the parent + child treatment.
The effect will be measured by assessing questionnaires specific for child and parent.
|
At post-treatment 18-month follow-up visit
|
|
To compare effect of parent-only treatment versus parent + child treatment on parent's weight loss
Time Frame: At post-treatment 6-month follow-up visit
|
We hypothesize that the parent-only treatment will produce parent weight loss (as measured by BMI) that is not inferior to the parent + child treatment.
|
At post-treatment 6-month follow-up visit
|
|
To compare effect of parent-only treatment versus parent + child treatment on parent's weight loss
Time Frame: At post-treatment 18-month follow-up visit
|
We hypothesize that the parent-only treatment will produce parent weight loss (as measured by BMI) that is not inferior to the parent + child treatment.
|
At post-treatment 18-month follow-up visit
|
|
To evaluate the predictors of success in childhood obesity treatments by evaluating change in target child's and parent's weight
Time Frame: At post-treatment 6-month follow-up visit
|
A decrease in BMI percentile for age for target child and a decrease in BMI for parent will be evaluated.
|
At post-treatment 6-month follow-up visit
|
|
To evaluate the predictors of success in childhood obesity treatments by evaluating change in target child's and parent's weight
Time Frame: At post-treatment 18-month follow-up visit
|
A decrease in BMI percentile for age for target child and a decrease in BMI for parent will be evaluated.
|
At post-treatment 18-month follow-up visit
|
|
To evaluate the predictors of success in childhood obesity treatments by evaluating compliance
Time Frame: At post-treatment 6-month follow-up visit
|
Compliance will be measured by group attendance and adherence to behavior recommendations.
|
At post-treatment 6-month follow-up visit
|
|
To evaluate the predictors of success in childhood obesity treatments by evaluating compliance
Time Frame: At post-treatment 18-month follow-up visit
|
Compliance will be measured by group attendance and adherence to behavior recommendations.
|
At post-treatment 18-month follow-up visit
|
|
To evaluate the predictors of success in childhood obesity treatments by evaluating changes in household food environment
Time Frame: At post-treatment 6-month follow-up visit
|
Changes in household food environment will be evaluated by assessing questionnaires specific for household food environment (Food Shelf Inventory).
|
At post-treatment 6-month follow-up visit
|
|
To evaluate the predictors of success in childhood obesity treatments by evaluating changes in household food environment
Time Frame: At post-treatment 18-month follow-up visit
|
Changes in household food environment will be evaluated by assessing questionnaires specific for household food environment (Food Shelf Inventory).
|
At post-treatment 18-month follow-up visit
|
|
To evaluate the predictors of success in childhood obesity treatment by evaluating change in parenting style
Time Frame: At post-treatment 6-month follow-up visit
|
Changes in parenting style will be evaluated by assessing questionnaires that are specific to parenting style for child and parent.
|
At post-treatment 6-month follow-up visit
|
|
To evaluate the predictors of success in childhood obesity treatment by evaluating change in parenting style
Time Frame: At post-treatment 18-month follow-up visit
|
Changes in parenting style will be evaluated by assessing questionnaires that are specific to parenting style for child and parent.
|
At post-treatment 18-month follow-up visit
|
|
To evaluate the predictors of success in childhood obesity treatment by evaluating changes in target child's and parent's psychosocial functioning
Time Frame: At post-treatment 6-month follow-up visit
|
Changes in the target child's and parent's psychosocial functioning will be evaluated by assessing questionnaire measures specific to child and parent psychosocial functioning.
|
At post-treatment 6-month follow-up visit
|
|
To evaluate the predictors of success in childhood obesity treatment by evaluating changes in target child's and parent's psychosocial functioning
Time Frame: At post-treatment 18-month follow-up visit
|
Changes in the target child's and parent's psychosocial functioning will be evaluated by assessing questionnaire measures specific to child and parent psychosocial functioning.
|
At post-treatment 18-month follow-up visit
|
Collaborators and Investigators
Sponsor
Sponsor
Investigators
Investigators
- Principal Investigator: Kerri Boutelle, PhD, UCSD
Publications and helpful links
General Publications
- Faith MS, Scanlon KS, Birch LL, Francis LA, Sherry B. Parent-child feeding strategies and their relationships to child eating and weight status. Obes Res. 2004 Nov;12(11):1711-22. doi: 10.1038/oby.2004.212.
- Epstein LH, Valoski A, Wing RR, McCurley J. Ten-year follow-up of behavioral, family-based treatment for obese children. JAMA. 1990 Nov 21;264(19):2519-23.
- Bauer KW, Nelson MC, Boutelle KN, Neumark-Sztainer D. Parental influences on adolescents' physical activity and sedentary behavior: longitudinal findings from Project EAT-II. Int J Behav Nutr Phys Act. 2008 Feb 26;5:12. doi: 10.1186/1479-5868-5-12. Erratum In: Int J Behav Nutr Phys Act. 2011;8:12.
- Epstein LH. Family-based behavioural intervention for obese children. Int J Obes Relat Metab Disord. 1996 Feb;20 Suppl 1:S14-21.
- Epstein LH, Wing RR, Steranchak L, Dickson B, Michelson J. Comparison of family-based behavior modification and nutrition education for childhood obesity. J Pediatr Psychol. 1980 Mar;5(1):25-36. doi: 10.1093/jpepsy/5.1.25. No abstract available.
- Wang G, Dietz WH. Economic burden of obesity in youths aged 6 to 17 years: 1979-1999. Pediatrics. 2002 May;109(5):E81-1. doi: 10.1542/peds.109.5.e81. Erratum In: Pediatrics 2002 Jun;109(6):1195.
- Birch LL, Davison KK. Family environmental factors influencing the developing behavioral controls of food intake and childhood overweight. Pediatr Clin North Am. 2001 Aug;48(4):893-907. doi: 10.1016/s0031-3955(05)70347-3.
- Clark HR, Goyder E, Bissell P, Blank L, Peters J. How do parents' child-feeding behaviours influence child weight? Implications for childhood obesity policy. J Public Health (Oxf). 2007 Jun;29(2):132-41. doi: 10.1093/pubmed/fdm012. Epub 2007 Apr 18.
- Kang Sim DE, Strong DR, Manzano MA, Rhee KE, Boutelle KN. Evaluation of dyadic changes of parent-child weight loss patterns during a family-based behavioral treatment for obesity. Pediatr Obes. 2020 Jun;15(6):e12622. doi: 10.1111/ijpo.12622. Epub 2020 Feb 12.
- Eichen DM, Strong DR, Rhee KE, Rock CL, Crow SJ, Epstein LH, Wilfley DE, Boutelle KN. Change in eating disorder symptoms following pediatric obesity treatment. Int J Eat Disord. 2019 Mar;52(3):299-303. doi: 10.1002/eat.23015. Epub 2019 Jan 14.
- Boutelle KN, Rhee KE, Liang J, Braden A, Douglas J, Strong D, Rock CL, Wilfley DE, Epstein LH, Crow SJ. Effect of Attendance of the Child on Body Weight, Energy Intake, and Physical Activity in Childhood Obesity Treatment: A Randomized Clinical Trial. JAMA Pediatr. 2017 Jul 1;171(7):622-628. doi: 10.1001/jamapediatrics.2017.0651.
Study record dates
Study Major Dates
Study Start
Study Start
Primary Completion (Actual)
Primary Completion
Study Completion (Actual)
Study Completion
Study Registration Dates
First Submitted
First Submitted
First Submitted That Met QC Criteria
First Submitted That Met QC Criteria
First Posted (Estimate)
First Posted
Study Record Updates
Last Update Posted (Estimate)
Last Update Posted
Last Update Submitted That Met QC Criteria
Last Update Submitted That Met QC Criteria
Last Verified
Last Verified
More Information
Terms related to this study
Keywords
Additional Relevant MeSH Terms
Other Study ID Numbers
Other Study ID Numbers
- 071669
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