Clinical Usefulness of a Magnifier for Insulin Pen

March 26, 2012 updated by: Young Min Cho, Seoul National University Hospital
Insulin treatment is crucial for glucose control. Many patients with type 2 diabetes exhibit inadequate glycemic control in spite of combination of oral antidiabetic drugs and eventually need insulin therapy. Patients who need insulin therapy are older and have poor visual acuity, which predispose to inaccurate dosing and consequent hyper or hypoglycemia.In this study, the investigators examined the clinical usefulness of a magnifier for elderly diabetic patients who had used insulin pens.

Study Overview

Status

Status

Indicates the current recruitment status or the expanded access status.
Completed

Conditions

Conditions

The disease, disorder, syndrome, illness, or injury that is being studied. On ClinicalTrials.gov, conditions may also include other health-related issues, such as lifespan, quality of life, and health risks.

Intervention / Treatment

Intervention / Treatment

A process or action that is the focus of a clinical study. Interventions include drugs, medical devices, procedures, vaccines, and other products that are either investigational or already available. Interventions can also include noninvasive approaches, such as education or modifying diet and exercise.

Study Type

Study Type

Describes the nature of a clinical study. Study types include interventional studies (also called clinical trials), observational studies (including patient registries), and expanded access.
Interventional

Enrollment (Actual)

Enrollment

The number of participants in a clinical study. The "anticipated" enrollment is the target number of participants that the researchers need for the study.
50

Phase

Phase

The stage of a clinical trial studying a drug or biological product, based on definitions developed by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA). The phase is based on the study's objective, the number of participants, and other characteristics. There are five phases: Early Phase 1 (formerly listed as Phase 0), Phase 1, Phase 2, Phase 3, and Phase 4. Not Applicable is used to describe trials without FDA-defined phases, including trials of devices or behavioral interventions.
  • Not Applicable

Contacts and Locations

This section provides the contact details for those conducting the study, and information on where this study is being conducted.

Study Locations

  • Korea, Republic of
      • Seoul, Korea, Republic of, 110-744
        • Seoul National University Hospital

Participation Criteria

Researchers look for people who fit a certain description, called eligibility criteria. Some examples of these criteria are a person's general health condition or prior treatments.

Eligibility Criteria

Eligibility Criteria

The key requirements that people who want to participate in a clinical study must meet or the characteristics they must have. Eligibility criteria consist of both inclusion criteria (which are required for a person to participate in the study) and exclusion criteria (which prevent a person from participating). Types of eligibility criteria include whether a study accepts healthy volunteers, has age or age group requirements, or is limited by sex.

Ages Eligible for Study

56 years and older (Adult, Older Adult)

Accepts Healthy Volunteers

No

Genders Eligible for Study

All

Description

Inclusion Criteria:

  • clinical diagnosis of diabetes mellitus
  • over 60 years old
  • who have self-injected insulin with insulin pens

Exclusion Criteria:

  • who have visual acuity less than 20/200 for each eye
  • who had surgery on his/her eyes within a week

Study Plan

This section provides details of the study plan, including how the study is designed and what the study is measuring.

How is the study designed?

Design Details

  • Primary Purpose: Treatment
  • Allocation: Randomized
  • Interventional Model: Crossover Assignment
  • Masking: None (Open Label)

Arms and Interventions

Participant Group / Arm

Participant Group / Arm

A group or subgroup of participants in a clinical trial that receives a specific intervention/treatment, or no intervention, according to the trial's protocol.
Intervention / Treatment

Intervention / Treatment

A process or action that is the focus of a clinical study. Interventions include drugs, medical devices, procedures, vaccines, and other products that are either investigational or already available. Interventions can also include noninvasive approaches, such as education or modifying diet and exercise.
No Intervention: Control
dialing up the selected dose of insulin pens without an indicator magnifying window
Experimental: Magnifier
dialing up the selected dose of insulin pens clipped on an indicator magnifying window
Device: Indicator magnifying window (Izumi Planning Co.)

IZUMI PLANNING CO,.LTD.Tokyo.Japan

Material: Polypropylene with polycarbonate lens

What is the study measuring?

Primary Outcome Measures

Primary Outcome Measures

In a clinical study's protocol, the planned outcome measure that is the most important for evaluating the effect of an intervention/treatment. Most clinical studies have one primary outcome measure, but some have more than one.
Outcome Measure
Measure Description
Time Frame
the time spent to complete dialing up insulin pens
Time Frame: from to start dialing up the selected dose to to complete dialing up, assessed up to 10 minutes
The investigators ask participants to dial up the random dose of insulin pens between 30 and 40 and measured the time spent to complete dialing up.
from to start dialing up the selected dose to to complete dialing up, assessed up to 10 minutes

Secondary Outcome Measures

Secondary Outcome Measures

In a clinical study's protocol, a planned outcome measure that is not as important as the primary outcome measure for evaluating the effect of an intervention but is still of interest. Most clinical studies have more than one secondary outcome measure.
Outcome Measure
Measure Description
Time Frame
the dosing accuracy
Time Frame: from to start dialing up the selected dose to to complete dialing up, assessed up to 10 minutes
The investigators ask participants to dial up the random dose of insulin pens between 30 and 40 and check whether they dial up the selected dose correctly.
from to start dialing up the selected dose to to complete dialing up, assessed up to 10 minutes
the convenience in using insulin pens
Time Frame: the duration of to complete filling up the questionnaires, an expected average of 10 minutes
By structured questionnaires, the investigators ask participants about the convenience in dialing up to correct doses of insulin pens.
the duration of to complete filling up the questionnaires, an expected average of 10 minutes
the self-confidence in using insulin pens
Time Frame: the duration of to complete filling up the questionnaires, an expected average of 10 minutes
By structured questionnaires, the investigators ask participants about the self-confidence in dialing up to correct doses of insulin pens
the duration of to complete filling up the questionnaires, an expected average of 10 minutes
the need for glasses in using insulin pens
Time Frame: the duration of to complete filling up the questionnaires, an expected average of 10 minutes
By structured questionnaires, the investigators ask participants about the need for glasses in dialing up to correct doses of insulin pens
the duration of to complete filling up the questionnaires, an expected average of 10 minutes
the preferences for the use of a magnifier
Time Frame: the duration of to complete filling up the questionnaires, an expected average of 10 minutes
By structured questionnaires, the investigators ask participants whether they prefer the use of a magnifier
the duration of to complete filling up the questionnaires, an expected average of 10 minutes
the recommendation for the use of a magnifier
Time Frame: the duration of to complete filling up the questionnaires, an expected average of 10 minutes
By structured questionnaires, the investigators ask participants whether they recommend the use of a magnifier to others.
the duration of to complete filling up the questionnaires, an expected average of 10 minutes

Collaborators and Investigators

This is where you will find people and organizations involved with this study.

Sponsor

Sponsor

The organization or person who initiates the study and who has authority and control over the study.
Seoul National University Hospital

Investigators

Investigators

A researcher involved in a clinical study. Related terms include site principal investigator, site sub-investigator, study chair, study director, and study principal investigator.
  • Study Chair: Young Min Cho, MD,PhD, Seoul National University College of Medicine

Study record dates

These dates track the progress of study record and summary results submissions to ClinicalTrials.gov. Study records and reported results are reviewed by the National Library of Medicine (NLM) to make sure they meet specific quality control standards before being posted on the public website.

Study Major Dates

Study Start

Study Start

The actual date on which the first participant was enrolled in a clinical study. The "anticipated" study start date is the date that the researchers think will be the study start date.
October 1, 2011

Primary Completion (Actual)

Primary Completion

The date on which the last participant in a clinical study was examined or received an intervention to collect final data for the primary outcome measure. Whether the clinical study ended according to the protocol or was terminated does not affect this date. For clinical studies with more than one primary outcome measure with different completion dates, this term refers to the date on which data collection is completed for all the primary outcome measures. The "anticipated" primary completion date is the date that the researchers think will be the primary completion date for the study.
January 1, 2012

Study Completion (Actual)

Study Completion

The date on which the last participant in a clinical study was examined or received an intervention/treatment to collect final data for the primary outcome measures, secondary outcome measures, and adverse events (that is, the last participant's last visit). The "anticipated" study completion date is the date that the researchers think will be the study completion date.
January 1, 2012

Study Registration Dates

First Submitted

First Submitted

The date on which the study sponsor or investigator first submitted a study record to ClinicalTrials.gov. There is typically a delay of a few days between the first submitted date and the record's availability on ClinicalTrials.gov (the first posted date).
March 20, 2012

First Submitted That Met QC Criteria

First Submitted That Met QC Criteria

The date on which the study sponsor or investigator first submits a study record that is consistent with National Library of Medicine (NLM) quality control (QC) review criteria. The sponsor or investigator may need to revise and submit a study record one or more times before NLM's QC review criteria are met. It is the responsibility of the sponsor or investigator to ensure that the study record is consistent with the NLM QC review criteria.
March 26, 2012

First Posted (Estimate)

First Posted

The date on which the study record was first available on ClinicalTrials.gov after National Library of Medicine (NLM) quality control (QC) review has concluded. There is typically a delay of a few days between the date the study sponsor or investigator submitted the study record and the first posted date.
March 27, 2012

Study Record Updates

Last Update Posted (Estimate)

Last Update Posted

The most recent date on which changes to a study record were made available on ClinicalTrials.gov. There may be a delay between when the changes were submitted to ClinicalTrials.gov by the study's sponsor or investigator (the last update submitted date) and the last update posted date.
March 27, 2012

Last Update Submitted That Met QC Criteria

Last Update Submitted That Met QC Criteria

The most recent date on which the study sponsor or investigator submitted changes to a study record that are consistent with National Library of Medicine (NLM) quality control (QC) review criteria. It is the responsibility of the sponsor or investigator to ensure that the study record is consistent with the NLM QC review criteria.
March 26, 2012

Last Verified

Last Verified

The most recent date on which the study sponsor or investigator confirmed the information about a clinical study on ClinicalTrials.gov as accurate and current. If a study with a recruitment status of recruiting; not yet recruiting; or active, not recruiting has not been confirmed within the past 2 years, the study's recruitment status is shown as unknown.
March 1, 2012

More Information

Terms related to this study

Keywords

Other Study ID Numbers

Other Study ID Numbers

Identifiers or ID numbers other than the NCT number that are assigned to a clinical study by the study's sponsor, funders, or others. These numbers may include unique identifiers from other trial registries and National Institutes of Health grant numbers.
  • magnifier

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