Investigation of Pain During Subcutaneous Injections With Different Injection Speed and Volume Combinations

January 18, 2017 updated by: Novo Nordisk A/S
This trial is conducted in Europe. The aim of this trial is to assess and describe the pain in relation to subcutaneous (under the skin) injection of different combinations of injection speed and volume with respect to acceptance of the injection pain and backflow.

Study Overview

Status

Status

Indicates the current recruitment status or the expanded access status.
Completed

Conditions

Conditions

The disease, disorder, syndrome, illness, or injury that is being studied. On ClinicalTrials.gov, conditions may also include other health-related issues, such as lifespan, quality of life, and health risks.

Intervention / Treatment

Intervention / Treatment

A process or action that is the focus of a clinical study. Interventions include drugs, medical devices, procedures, vaccines, and other products that are either investigational or already available. Interventions can also include noninvasive approaches, such as education or modifying diet and exercise.

Study Type

Study Type

Describes the nature of a clinical study. Study types include interventional studies (also called clinical trials), observational studies (including patient registries), and expanded access.
Interventional

Enrollment (Actual)

Enrollment

The number of participants in a clinical study. The "anticipated" enrollment is the target number of participants that the researchers need for the study.
82

Phase

Phase

The stage of a clinical trial studying a drug or biological product, based on definitions developed by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA). The phase is based on the study's objective, the number of participants, and other characteristics. There are five phases: Early Phase 1 (formerly listed as Phase 0), Phase 1, Phase 2, Phase 3, and Phase 4. Not Applicable is used to describe trials without FDA-defined phases, including trials of devices or behavioral interventions.
  • Phase 1

Contacts and Locations

This section provides the contact details for those conducting the study, and information on where this study is being conducted.

Study Locations

  • Germany
      • Neuss, Germany, 41460
        • Novo Nordisk Investigational Site

Participation Criteria

Researchers look for people who fit a certain description, called eligibility criteria. Some examples of these criteria are a person's general health condition or prior treatments.

Eligibility Criteria

Eligibility Criteria

The key requirements that people who want to participate in a clinical study must meet or the characteristics they must have. Eligibility criteria consist of both inclusion criteria (which are required for a person to participate in the study) and exclusion criteria (which prevent a person from participating). Types of eligibility criteria include whether a study accepts healthy volunteers, has age or age group requirements, or is limited by sex.

Ages Eligible for Study

18 years to 74 years (Adult, Older Adult)

Accepts Healthy Volunteers

No

Genders Eligible for Study

All

Description

Inclusion Criteria:

  • Informed consent obtained before any trial-related activities.
  • Type 1 or type 2 diabetes
  • Daily injection(s) with anti-diabetic drug (insulin or Glucagon like Peptide-1 (GLP-1) analogues) via pen-injector or vial/syringe for more than 6 months
  • Body mass index (BMI) between 18.5 and 30.0 kg/m^2 (both included)
  • Caucasians

Exclusion Criteria:

  • Known or suspected hypersensitivity to needle, ink ball pen or other that are in contact with the injection area during the clinical visit
  • Previous participation in this trial. Participation is defined as: screened
  • Receipt of any investigational medicinal product that can influence pain perception within 14 days before screening
  • Injection of more than 40 units of insulin per injection
  • Continuous Subcutaneous Insulin Infusion use within the last 6 months
  • Continuous Glucose Monitoring use within the last 6 months
  • Intake of any pain-relieving or analgesic within the last week (excluding low dose aspirin in cardio vascular prophylactic doses)
  • Known active or in-active skin disease in the injection area or that may affect pain perception
  • Anti-coagulant treatment within the last month (low dose of aspirin in cardiovascular prophylactic doses is allowed. However, not on the day of the injections)

Study Plan

This section provides details of the study plan, including how the study is designed and what the study is measuring.

How is the study designed?

Design Details

  • Primary Purpose: Supportive Care
  • Allocation: Randomized
  • Interventional Model: Crossover Assignment
  • Masking: Double

Arms and Interventions

Participant Group / Arm

Participant Group / Arm

A group or subgroup of participants in a clinical trial that receives a specific intervention/treatment, or no intervention, according to the trial's protocol.
Intervention / Treatment

Intervention / Treatment

A process or action that is the focus of a clinical study. Interventions include drugs, medical devices, procedures, vaccines, and other products that are either investigational or already available. Interventions can also include noninvasive approaches, such as education or modifying diet and exercise.
Other: Different injection speed and volume combinations
The study consists of 80 treatment arms in a cross-over design with 19 treatments and 19 periods. The 80 treatment arms will represent different orders of the 19 treatments and each treatment arm will be used for one subject. A subject not completing all treatments will be replaced by another subject using the same treatment arm.
Other: 19 injections
Subjects will receive 19 injections in randomised order of which 13 will be in the abdomen and 6 in the thighs. Out of the 19 injections, 2 are needle insertions only. The remaining 17 injections represent different combinations of injection speed and volume of sodium chloride 0.9% solution for injection. The order of the injection speed and volume combinations will be blinded for the subject and the pain will be evaluated by the subject on a VAS (Visual Analogue Scale).
Drug: sodium chloride 0.9% solution
Solution for injection.

What is the study measuring?

Primary Outcome Measures

Primary Outcome Measures

In a clinical study's protocol, the planned outcome measure that is the most important for evaluating the effect of an intervention/treatment. Most clinical studies have one primary outcome measure, but some have more than one.
Outcome Measure
Measure Description
Time Frame
Injection Pain (VAS mm)
Time Frame: 1 minute (±30 sec) after each injection
Calculated as the least square mean estimate of the difference in injection pain on a VAS (mm) between different factor levels corresponding to injection region, injection volume and injection speed (pain was assessed using an electronic VAS consisting of a 100 mm line where 0 mm corresponded to no pain and 100 mm corresponded to worst pain. After each injection, the subjects rated their pain perception at the electronic VAS by marking the 100 mm line).
1 minute (±30 sec) after each injection

Secondary Outcome Measures

Secondary Outcome Measures

In a clinical study's protocol, a planned outcome measure that is not as important as the primary outcome measure for evaluating the effect of an intervention but is still of interest. Most clinical studies have more than one secondary outcome measure.
Outcome Measure
Measure Description
Time Frame
Acceptance of Injection Pain After Injection of Different Volumes.
Time Frame: 1 minute (±30 seconds) after each injection
Acceptance of pain was rated subjectively as yes or no by the subject after each injection.
1 minute (±30 seconds) after each injection
Acceptance of Injection Pain After Injection at Different Speeds.
Time Frame: 1 minute (±30 sec) after each injection
Acceptance of pain was rated subjectively as yes or no by the subject after each injection.
1 minute (±30 sec) after each injection
Acceptance of Injection Pain After Injection in the Thighs Versus Abdomen.
Time Frame: 1 minute (±30 seconds) after each injection
Acceptance of pain was rated subjectively as yes or no by the subject after each injection.
1 minute (±30 seconds) after each injection
Estimated Mean Differences in the Volume of Backflow (uL) in the Abdomen After Different Injection Volumes and Speeds as Compared to Needle Insertion
Time Frame: 2 minutes (±30sec) after each injection
Backflow was measured after each injection by placing a filter paper over the injection site after the injection was given and until the liquid was absorbed. The size of the wet spot on the filter paper served as a measure of the backflow. The treatment effect on backflow was calculated as the least square mean estimate of the difference in backflow after injection in the abdomen at different volume and speed combinations.
2 minutes (±30sec) after each injection
Estimated Mean Differences in the Volume of Backflow (uL) in the Thighs After Different Injection Volumes and Speeds as Compared to Needle Insertion
Time Frame: 2 minutes (±30sec) after each injection
Backflow was measured after each injection by placing a filter paper over the injection site after the injection was given and until the liquid was absorbed. The size of the wet spot on the filter paper served as a measure of the backflow. The treatment effect on backflow was calculated as the least square mean estimate of the difference in backflow after injection in the abdomen at different volume and speed combinations.
2 minutes (±30sec) after each injection

Collaborators and Investigators

This is where you will find people and organizations involved with this study.

Sponsor

Sponsor

The organization or person who initiates the study and who has authority and control over the study.
Novo Nordisk A/S

Publications and helpful links

The person responsible for entering information about the study voluntarily provides these publications. These may be about anything related to the study.

General Publications

Helpful Links

Study record dates

These dates track the progress of study record and summary results submissions to ClinicalTrials.gov. Study records and reported results are reviewed by the National Library of Medicine (NLM) to make sure they meet specific quality control standards before being posted on the public website.

Study Major Dates

Study Start

Study Start

The actual date on which the first participant was enrolled in a clinical study. The "anticipated" study start date is the date that the researchers think will be the study start date.
August 1, 2012

Primary Completion (Actual)

Primary Completion

The date on which the last participant in a clinical study was examined or received an intervention to collect final data for the primary outcome measure. Whether the clinical study ended according to the protocol or was terminated does not affect this date. For clinical studies with more than one primary outcome measure with different completion dates, this term refers to the date on which data collection is completed for all the primary outcome measures. The "anticipated" primary completion date is the date that the researchers think will be the primary completion date for the study.
October 1, 2012

Study Completion (Actual)

Study Completion

The date on which the last participant in a clinical study was examined or received an intervention/treatment to collect final data for the primary outcome measures, secondary outcome measures, and adverse events (that is, the last participant's last visit). The "anticipated" study completion date is the date that the researchers think will be the study completion date.
October 1, 2012

Study Registration Dates

First Submitted

First Submitted

The date on which the study sponsor or investigator first submitted a study record to ClinicalTrials.gov. There is typically a delay of a few days between the first submitted date and the record's availability on ClinicalTrials.gov (the first posted date).
August 31, 2012

First Submitted That Met QC Criteria

First Submitted That Met QC Criteria

The date on which the study sponsor or investigator first submits a study record that is consistent with National Library of Medicine (NLM) quality control (QC) review criteria. The sponsor or investigator may need to revise and submit a study record one or more times before NLM's QC review criteria are met. It is the responsibility of the sponsor or investigator to ensure that the study record is consistent with the NLM QC review criteria.
September 6, 2012

First Posted (Estimate)

First Posted

The date on which the study record was first available on ClinicalTrials.gov after National Library of Medicine (NLM) quality control (QC) review has concluded. There is typically a delay of a few days between the date the study sponsor or investigator submitted the study record and the first posted date.
September 7, 2012

Study Record Updates

Last Update Posted (Actual)

Last Update Posted

The most recent date on which changes to a study record were made available on ClinicalTrials.gov. There may be a delay between when the changes were submitted to ClinicalTrials.gov by the study's sponsor or investigator (the last update submitted date) and the last update posted date.
March 3, 2017

Last Update Submitted That Met QC Criteria

Last Update Submitted That Met QC Criteria

The most recent date on which the study sponsor or investigator submitted changes to a study record that are consistent with National Library of Medicine (NLM) quality control (QC) review criteria. It is the responsibility of the sponsor or investigator to ensure that the study record is consistent with the NLM QC review criteria.
January 18, 2017

Last Verified

Last Verified

The most recent date on which the study sponsor or investigator confirmed the information about a clinical study on ClinicalTrials.gov as accurate and current. If a study with a recruitment status of recruiting; not yet recruiting; or active, not recruiting has not been confirmed within the past 2 years, the study's recruitment status is shown as unknown.
January 1, 2017

More Information

Terms related to this study

Additional Relevant MeSH Terms

Other Study ID Numbers

Other Study ID Numbers

Identifiers or ID numbers other than the NCT number that are assigned to a clinical study by the study's sponsor, funders, or others. These numbers may include unique identifiers from other trial registries and National Institutes of Health grant numbers.
  • INS-4011
  • U1111-1129-4191 (Other Identifier: WHO)

This information was retrieved directly from the website clinicaltrials.gov without any changes. If you have any requests to change, remove or update your study details, please contact register@clinicaltrials.gov. As soon as a change is implemented on clinicaltrials.gov, this will be updated automatically on our website as well.

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