Effect of Apelin on Insulin Sensitivity in Type 2 Diabetic Volunteers (APELINS-2)

December 2, 2025 updated by: University Hospital, Toulouse

Influence of Apelin on Insulin Sensitivity in Type 2 Diabetic Volunteers

Preclinical studies have demonstrated in mouse models that (PYR1)-apelin-13 exerts a glucose-regulating action in vivo. The (PYR1)-apelin-13 effect on insulin sensitivity in healthy overweighed volunteers has been previously assessed in a phase I clinical trial (APELINS study; NCT02033473). The APELINS-2 clinical trial aims to expand the initial proof of concept to the population targeted by future innovative insulin-sensitizing therapies: patients living with type 2 diabetes.

Study Overview

Status

Status

Indicates the current recruitment status or the expanded access status.
Completed

Conditions

Conditions

The disease, disorder, syndrome, illness, or injury that is being studied. On ClinicalTrials.gov, conditions may also include other health-related issues, such as lifespan, quality of life, and health risks.

Intervention / Treatment

Intervention / Treatment

A process or action that is the focus of a clinical study. Interventions include drugs, medical devices, procedures, vaccines, and other products that are either investigational or already available. Interventions can also include noninvasive approaches, such as education or modifying diet and exercise.

Detailed Description

Insulin sensitivity is measured using the hyperinsulinemic euglycemic glucose clamp method. The hypothesis of the investigators is that a continuous (pyr1)-apelin-13 infusion improves insulin sensitivity of type 2 diabetic patients compared to placebo infusion.

This study could bring new elements for understanding the pathophysiology of insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes mellitus in humans and could lead to the development of innovative therapies in type 2 diabetes mellitus.

Study Type

Study Type

Describes the nature of a clinical study. Study types include interventional studies (also called clinical trials), observational studies (including patient registries), and expanded access.
Interventional

Enrollment (Actual)

Enrollment

The number of participants in a clinical study. The "anticipated" enrollment is the target number of participants that the researchers need for the study.
9

Phase

Phase

The stage of a clinical trial studying a drug or biological product, based on definitions developed by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA). The phase is based on the study's objective, the number of participants, and other characteristics. There are five phases: Early Phase 1 (formerly listed as Phase 0), Phase 1, Phase 2, Phase 3, and Phase 4. Not Applicable is used to describe trials without FDA-defined phases, including trials of devices or behavioral interventions.
  • Phase 1

Contacts and Locations

This section provides the contact details for those conducting the study, and information on where this study is being conducted.

Study Locations

  • France
    • Midi-Pyrénées
      • Toulouse, Midi-Pyrénées, France, 31059
        • University Hospitals of Toulouse (Rangueil)

Participation Criteria

Researchers look for people who fit a certain description, called eligibility criteria. Some examples of these criteria are a person's general health condition or prior treatments.

Eligibility Criteria

Eligibility Criteria

The key requirements that people who want to participate in a clinical study must meet or the characteristics they must have. Eligibility criteria consist of both inclusion criteria (which are required for a person to participate in the study) and exclusion criteria (which prevent a person from participating). Types of eligibility criteria include whether a study accepts healthy volunteers, has age or age group requirements, or is limited by sex.

Ages Eligible for Study

40 years to 65 years (Adult, Older Adult)

Accepts Healthy Volunteers

No

Description

Inclusion Criteria:

  • Clinical diagnosis of type2 diabetes
  • Body Mass Index between 27 and 33 kg / cm ²
  • HbA1c < 8.5%
  • Non-pathological Electrocardiogram
  • Heart rate between 50 and 80 beats per minute at rest.
  • Complete Blood Count (CBC) with no significant anomaly in terms of the investigator..
  • Serum electrolytes without clinically significant abnormalities in terms of the investigator.
  • Liver function tests without clinically significant abnormalities in terms of the investigator
  • Renal function tests without clinically significant abnormalities in terms of the investigator
  • Good peripheral vein (forearm and back of the hand).
  • Agreement to participate in the establishment of a serum bank.
  • Ability to sign informed consent.
  • Affiliation to a social security scheme

Exclusion Criteria:

  • Secondary prevention of cardio-vascular disease
  • Insulin therapy or Glucagon Like Peptid 1 (GLP-1) analogs therapy in the 6 months before inclusion.
  • Risk factor, treatment or electrocardiogram as recommended by International Conference on Harmonization (ICH) E14 "Clinical Evaluation of QT / QTc Interval Prolongation and Proarrhythmic Potential for Non-Antiarrhythmic Drugs"
  • Repeated a QTc interval> 450 ms measurement
  • Risk factor for torsade de pointes: myocardial infarction, hypokalemia, family history of long QT syndrome
  • Personal history of cancer.
  • Positive HIV serology.
  • Hepatitis B serology positive.
  • Positive hepatitis C serology.
  • Cognitive impairment or mental illness (at the discretion of the investigator).
  • Chronic excessive alcohol consumption (consumption > 30g/day or 210g/week).
  • Person under judicial protection, guardianship.
  • Subject with a resting systolic blood pressure greater than 140 mm Hg and diastolic blood pressure greater than 90 mmHg
  • Smoking more than 10 cigaret per day and can not be interrupted for 24 hours.

Study Plan

This section provides details of the study plan, including how the study is designed and what the study is measuring.

How is the study designed?

Design Details

  • Primary Purpose: Basic Science
  • Allocation: Randomized
  • Interventional Model: Crossover Assignment
  • Masking: Double

Arms and Interventions

Participant Group / Arm

Participant Group / Arm

A group or subgroup of participants in a clinical trial that receives a specific intervention/treatment, or no intervention, according to the trial's protocol.
Intervention / Treatment

Intervention / Treatment

A process or action that is the focus of a clinical study. Interventions include drugs, medical devices, procedures, vaccines, and other products that are either investigational or already available. Interventions can also include noninvasive approaches, such as education or modifying diet and exercise.
Other: Apelin then Placebo
First clamp during which an apelin infusion will be administered followed by a wash-out period and then, a second clamp in which a placebo infusion will be administered
Drug: apelin
Assessing the difference between the insulin sensitivity measured during hyperinsulinemic euglycemic clamps in the presence of a 2 hours continuous infusion of (PYR1)-apelin-13 (30nmol/kg) versus a 2 hours continuous infusion of placebo (vehicle alone).
Other Names:
  • [pyr1]-apelin-13 infusion
Drug: placebo
2 hours continuous infusion of placebo (vehicle alone) to compare with 2 hours infusion of apelin
Other: Placebo then Apelin
First clamp during which a placebo infusion will be administered followed by a wash-out period and then, a second clamp in which an apelin infusion will be administered
Drug: apelin
Assessing the difference between the insulin sensitivity measured during hyperinsulinemic euglycemic clamps in the presence of a 2 hours continuous infusion of (PYR1)-apelin-13 (30nmol/kg) versus a 2 hours continuous infusion of placebo (vehicle alone).
Other Names:
  • [pyr1]-apelin-13 infusion
Drug: placebo
2 hours continuous infusion of placebo (vehicle alone) to compare with 2 hours infusion of apelin

What is the study measuring?

Primary Outcome Measures

Primary Outcome Measures

In a clinical study's protocol, the planned outcome measure that is the most important for evaluating the effect of an intervention/treatment. Most clinical studies have one primary outcome measure, but some have more than one.
Outcome Measure
Measure Description
Time Frame
Delta between Glucose Infusion Rate
Time Frame: 240 minutes
Difference between glucose infusion rate measured during investigational product infusion (mean of values measured at 210, 215, 220, 225, 230, 235 and 240 minutes) and basal glucose infusion rate (mean of values measured at 90, 95, 100, 105, 110, 115 and 120 minutes).
240 minutes

Secondary Outcome Measures

Secondary Outcome Measures

In a clinical study's protocol, a planned outcome measure that is not as important as the primary outcome measure for evaluating the effect of an intervention but is still of interest. Most clinical studies have more than one secondary outcome measure.
Outcome Measure
Measure Description
Time Frame
Measure of M-value (a glucose physiological parameter)
Time Frame: 240 minutes
Difference between value of product time (mean of values measured at 210, 215, 220, 225, 230, 235 and 240 minutes) and value of basal (mean of values measured at 90, 95, 100, 105, 110, 115 and 120 minutes).
240 minutes
systolic blood pressure and diastolic blood pressure
Time Frame: 240 minutes
240 minutes
heart rate
Time Frame: 240 minutes
240 minutes
Measure of QTc interval with electrocardiogram examination
Time Frame: 240 minutes
240 minutes
Clinic sign of apelin intolerance
Time Frame: 240 minutes
240 minutes
Dosage of plasma proteins
Time Frame: 240 minutes
A kinetic is realized with samples at 0, 15, 30, 45, 60, 75, 90, 100, 110, 120, 135, 150, 165, 180, 195, 200, 220, 230 and 240 minutes
240 minutes
Clinic sign of apelin allergy
Time Frame: 240 minutes
Modification in physiological parameters
240 minutes
Clinic sign of apelin toxicity
Time Frame: 240 minutes
Modification in physiological parameters
240 minutes

Collaborators and Investigators

This is where you will find people and organizations involved with this study.

Sponsor

Sponsor

The organization or person who initiates the study and who has authority and control over the study.
University Hospital, Toulouse

Collaborators

Collaborators

An organization other than the sponsor that provides support for a clinical study. This support may include activities related to funding, design, implementation, data analysis, or reporting.
Société Francophone du Diabète

Investigators

Investigators

A researcher involved in a clinical study. Related terms include site principal investigator, site sub-investigator, study chair, study director, and study principal investigator.
  • Principal Investigator: Pierre Gourdy, PhD, University Hospital, Toulouse

Publications and helpful links

The person responsible for entering information about the study voluntarily provides these publications. These may be about anything related to the study.

General Publications

Study record dates

These dates track the progress of study record and summary results submissions to ClinicalTrials.gov. Study records and reported results are reviewed by the National Library of Medicine (NLM) to make sure they meet specific quality control standards before being posted on the public website.

Study Major Dates

Study Start (Actual)

Study Start

The actual date on which the first participant was enrolled in a clinical study. The "anticipated" study start date is the date that the researchers think will be the study start date.
May 1, 2016

Primary Completion (Actual)

Primary Completion

The date on which the last participant in a clinical study was examined or received an intervention to collect final data for the primary outcome measure. Whether the clinical study ended according to the protocol or was terminated does not affect this date. For clinical studies with more than one primary outcome measure with different completion dates, this term refers to the date on which data collection is completed for all the primary outcome measures. The "anticipated" primary completion date is the date that the researchers think will be the primary completion date for the study.
April 1, 2017

Study Completion (Actual)

Study Completion

The date on which the last participant in a clinical study was examined or received an intervention/treatment to collect final data for the primary outcome measures, secondary outcome measures, and adverse events (that is, the last participant's last visit). The "anticipated" study completion date is the date that the researchers think will be the study completion date.
April 1, 2017

Study Registration Dates

First Submitted

First Submitted

The date on which the study sponsor or investigator first submitted a study record to ClinicalTrials.gov. There is typically a delay of a few days between the first submitted date and the record's availability on ClinicalTrials.gov (the first posted date).
March 18, 2016

First Submitted That Met QC Criteria

First Submitted That Met QC Criteria

The date on which the study sponsor or investigator first submits a study record that is consistent with National Library of Medicine (NLM) quality control (QC) review criteria. The sponsor or investigator may need to revise and submit a study record one or more times before NLM's QC review criteria are met. It is the responsibility of the sponsor or investigator to ensure that the study record is consistent with the NLM QC review criteria.
March 24, 2016

First Posted (Estimated)

First Posted

The date on which the study record was first available on ClinicalTrials.gov after National Library of Medicine (NLM) quality control (QC) review has concluded. There is typically a delay of a few days between the date the study sponsor or investigator submitted the study record and the first posted date.
March 31, 2016

Study Record Updates

Last Update Posted (Estimated)

Last Update Posted

The most recent date on which changes to a study record were made available on ClinicalTrials.gov. There may be a delay between when the changes were submitted to ClinicalTrials.gov by the study's sponsor or investigator (the last update submitted date) and the last update posted date.
December 10, 2025

Last Update Submitted That Met QC Criteria

Last Update Submitted That Met QC Criteria

The most recent date on which the study sponsor or investigator submitted changes to a study record that are consistent with National Library of Medicine (NLM) quality control (QC) review criteria. It is the responsibility of the sponsor or investigator to ensure that the study record is consistent with the NLM QC review criteria.
December 2, 2025

Last Verified

Last Verified

The most recent date on which the study sponsor or investigator confirmed the information about a clinical study on ClinicalTrials.gov as accurate and current. If a study with a recruitment status of recruiting; not yet recruiting; or active, not recruiting has not been confirmed within the past 2 years, the study's recruitment status is shown as unknown.
August 1, 2017

More Information

Terms related to this study

Keywords

Additional Relevant MeSH Terms

Other Study ID Numbers

Other Study ID Numbers

Identifiers or ID numbers other than the NCT number that are assigned to a clinical study by the study's sponsor, funders, or others. These numbers may include unique identifiers from other trial registries and National Institutes of Health grant numbers.
  • 15 7783 03

Plan for Individual participant data (IPD)

Plan to Share Individual Participant Data (IPD)?

NO

This information was retrieved directly from the website clinicaltrials.gov without any changes. If you have any requests to change, remove or update your study details, please contact register@clinicaltrials.gov. As soon as a change is implemented on clinicaltrials.gov, this will be updated automatically on our website as well.

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