Smartphones Addiction in Assiut University Students

August 23, 2017 updated by: Mariam Gamal, Assiut University

Smartphones Addiction and Its Correlations Among Assiut University Students

Smartphones have become a part of our daily life, the number of people using smartphones is increasing day after day. Easy access to internet is the main advantage of smartphones in comparison to traditional mobile phones, so they are considered as handheld convenient substitutes to computers. People use smartphones for many different purposes such as communication, entertainment, browsing for information, education or business facilitation. Unfortunately the excessive use of smartphones makes people 'addicted' to that type of technology. Past research has shown that older people have less positive attitudes towards a variety of technologies and they are less likely than younger people to embrace new technology, so It seems that the problem of smartphones addiction is most likely to affect young people who are fascinated with new technologies.

Study Overview

Status

Status

Indicates the current recruitment status or the expanded access status.
Unknown

Conditions

Conditions

The disease, disorder, syndrome, illness, or injury that is being studied. On ClinicalTrials.gov, conditions may also include other health-related issues, such as lifespan, quality of life, and health risks.

Intervention / Treatment

Intervention / Treatment

A process or action that is the focus of a clinical study. Interventions include drugs, medical devices, procedures, vaccines, and other products that are either investigational or already available. Interventions can also include noninvasive approaches, such as education or modifying diet and exercise.

Detailed Description

What is smartphones addiction? The concept of smartphones addiction is not proposed yet for inclusion in the fifth edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5) as non-substance-related disorder but it can be considered one type of technological addictions which were operationally defined by Griffiths as non-chemical (behavioral) addictions which involve human-machine interaction and usually contain inducing and reinforcing features which may contribute to the promotion of addictive tendencies.

Furthermore, Recent work by Lin, et al identified the criteria for diagnosis smartphones addiction as following:

A. Behavioral criteria (3 or more should be present):

  1. Preoccupation with smartphone use, and hence keeping smartphone available all day
  2. Recurrent failure to resist the impulse to use the smartphone
  3. Tolerance: a markedly increase in the duration of smartphone use is needed to achieve satisfaction
  4. Withdrawal: as manifested by a dysphoric mood, anxiety and/or irritability after a period without smartphone use
  5. Smartphone use for a period longer than intended
  6. Persistent desire and/or unsuccessful attempts to cut down or reduce smartphone use
  7. Excessive smartphone use and/or time spent on leaving the use
  8. Continued excessive smartphone use despite knowledge of having a persistent or recurrent physical or psychological problems caused by smartphone use

B. Functional impairment criteria (2 or more criteria should be present):

  1. Excessive use resulting in persistent or recurrent physical or psychological problems
  2. Use in a physically hazardous situations (such as while driving or crossing the street) or situations that have other negative impacts on daily life
  3. Use that impairs social relationships or performance at school or work
  4. Use that is very time-consuming or causes significant distress C. Exclusion criteria Addictive behavior is not associated with obsessive-compulsive disorder or bipolar disorder

Factors associated with smartphones addiction:

  • There are many psychological factors related to smartphones addiction such as anxiety, stress, poor social and family relationship, depression, loneliness, shyness, degree of self-esteem and satisfaction with life.
  • Studies have also shown the adverse effects of smartphones addiction on quality of sleep, physical activity and academic performance.
  • Smartphones addiction also have harmful physical consequences like headache, blurred vision, neck and shoulder pain and impairment of hand function.

Size of problem:

Prevalence of smartphones addiction in young people varies among countries as shown by studies: 29.6% in Saudi Arabia, 44.6% in Lebanon,16.9% in Switzerland, 21.3% in China and 31.33% in India.

-there is no available data about the size of this of this problem in Egypt so investigators need to conduct this study to determine the prevalence of smartphones addiction among young people and it adverse effect on different aspects.

Study Type

Study Type

Describes the nature of a clinical study. Study types include interventional studies (also called clinical trials), observational studies (including patient registries), and expanded access.
Observational

Enrollment (Anticipated)

Enrollment

The number of participants in a clinical study. The "anticipated" enrollment is the target number of participants that the researchers need for the study.
693

Contacts and Locations

This section provides the contact details for those conducting the study, and information on where this study is being conducted.

Study Contact

Study Contact

The name and contact information for the person who can answer enrollment questions for a clinical study. Each location where the study is being conducted may also have a specific contact, who may be better able to answer those questions.

Study Contact Backup

Study Locations

  • Egypt
      • Assiut, Egypt, 71111
        • Assiut University

Participation Criteria

Researchers look for people who fit a certain description, called eligibility criteria. Some examples of these criteria are a person's general health condition or prior treatments.

Eligibility Criteria

Eligibility Criteria

The key requirements that people who want to participate in a clinical study must meet or the characteristics they must have. Eligibility criteria consist of both inclusion criteria (which are required for a person to participate in the study) and exclusion criteria (which prevent a person from participating). Types of eligibility criteria include whether a study accepts healthy volunteers, has age or age group requirements, or is limited by sex.

Ages Eligible for Study

17 years to 23 years (Child, Adult)

Accepts Healthy Volunteers

No

Genders Eligible for Study

All

Sampling Method

Probability Sample

Study Population

Egyptian Students of Assiut University will be the target population Target students will be selected randomly by using a multistage stratified cluster sampling technique.

At the first stage, Faculties within Assiut University will be stratified into 3 strata; Practical , Theoretical and Medical then faculties will be chosen randomly from each stratum to end up with 4 faculties (2 theoretical, 1 practical and 1 medical).

In the second stage, cluster sample will be chosen from one academic year within each faculty (practical sections or small classes). The clusters will be chosen through simple random sample.

Description

Inclusion Criteria:

  • -Egyptian students
  • Students in one selected academic year
  • Students have smartphones

Exclusion Criteria:

  • -Non-Egyptian students
  • Students in academic years other than the selected one
  • Students having traditional mobile phones or not having mobile phones at all

Study Plan

This section provides details of the study plan, including how the study is designed and what the study is measuring.

How is the study designed?

Design Details

Cohorts and Interventions

Group / Cohort

Group / Cohort

A group or subgroup of participants in an observational study that is assessed for biomedical or health outcomes.
Intervention / Treatment

Intervention / Treatment

A process or action that is the focus of a clinical study. Interventions include drugs, medical devices, procedures, vaccines, and other products that are either investigational or already available. Interventions can also include noninvasive approaches, such as education or modifying diet and exercise.
University students
university students who use smartphones
Other: self-administered structured questionnaire

Data will be collected by self-administered structured questionnaire. The aim of the study and the way of filling the questionnaire will be explained to the students, and then he/she fills the questionnaire by him/her self.

The questionnaire will assess smartphones addiction and some of its associated factors and its health consequences

What is the study measuring?

Primary Outcome Measures

Primary Outcome Measures

In a clinical study's protocol, the planned outcome measure that is the most important for evaluating the effect of an intervention/treatment. Most clinical studies have one primary outcome measure, but some have more than one.
Outcome Measure
Measure Description
Time Frame
Smartphones addiction scale (SAS)
Time Frame: 6 months
Prevalence of smartphones addiction and its adverse effects will be evaluated by a self-administered questionnaire guided by smartphones addiction scale developed by Kwon et al.
6 months

Secondary Outcome Measures

Secondary Outcome Measures

In a clinical study's protocol, a planned outcome measure that is not as important as the primary outcome measure for evaluating the effect of an intervention but is still of interest. Most clinical studies have more than one secondary outcome measure.
Outcome Measure
Measure Description
Time Frame
Factors associated with smartphones addiction questionnaire
Time Frame: 6 months
the study will assess some associated factors that may be risk factors to smartphones addiction as depression and loneliness
6 months

Collaborators and Investigators

This is where you will find people and organizations involved with this study.

Sponsor

Sponsor

The organization or person who initiates the study and who has authority and control over the study.
Assiut University

Publications and helpful links

The person responsible for entering information about the study voluntarily provides these publications. These may be about anything related to the study.

General Publications

Study record dates

These dates track the progress of study record and summary results submissions to ClinicalTrials.gov. Study records and reported results are reviewed by the National Library of Medicine (NLM) to make sure they meet specific quality control standards before being posted on the public website.

Study Major Dates

Study Start (Anticipated)

Study Start

The actual date on which the first participant was enrolled in a clinical study. The "anticipated" study start date is the date that the researchers think will be the study start date.
October 1, 2018

Primary Completion (Anticipated)

Primary Completion

The date on which the last participant in a clinical study was examined or received an intervention to collect final data for the primary outcome measure. Whether the clinical study ended according to the protocol or was terminated does not affect this date. For clinical studies with more than one primary outcome measure with different completion dates, this term refers to the date on which data collection is completed for all the primary outcome measures. The "anticipated" primary completion date is the date that the researchers think will be the primary completion date for the study.
May 1, 2019

Study Completion (Anticipated)

Study Completion

The date on which the last participant in a clinical study was examined or received an intervention/treatment to collect final data for the primary outcome measures, secondary outcome measures, and adverse events (that is, the last participant's last visit). The "anticipated" study completion date is the date that the researchers think will be the study completion date.
October 1, 2019

Study Registration Dates

First Submitted

First Submitted

The date on which the study sponsor or investigator first submitted a study record to ClinicalTrials.gov. There is typically a delay of a few days between the first submitted date and the record's availability on ClinicalTrials.gov (the first posted date).
August 20, 2017

First Submitted That Met QC Criteria

First Submitted That Met QC Criteria

The date on which the study sponsor or investigator first submits a study record that is consistent with National Library of Medicine (NLM) quality control (QC) review criteria. The sponsor or investigator may need to revise and submit a study record one or more times before NLM's QC review criteria are met. It is the responsibility of the sponsor or investigator to ensure that the study record is consistent with the NLM QC review criteria.
August 23, 2017

First Posted (Actual)

First Posted

The date on which the study record was first available on ClinicalTrials.gov after National Library of Medicine (NLM) quality control (QC) review has concluded. There is typically a delay of a few days between the date the study sponsor or investigator submitted the study record and the first posted date.
August 24, 2017

Study Record Updates

Last Update Posted (Actual)

Last Update Posted

The most recent date on which changes to a study record were made available on ClinicalTrials.gov. There may be a delay between when the changes were submitted to ClinicalTrials.gov by the study's sponsor or investigator (the last update submitted date) and the last update posted date.
August 24, 2017

Last Update Submitted That Met QC Criteria

Last Update Submitted That Met QC Criteria

The most recent date on which the study sponsor or investigator submitted changes to a study record that are consistent with National Library of Medicine (NLM) quality control (QC) review criteria. It is the responsibility of the sponsor or investigator to ensure that the study record is consistent with the NLM QC review criteria.
August 23, 2017

Last Verified

Last Verified

The most recent date on which the study sponsor or investigator confirmed the information about a clinical study on ClinicalTrials.gov as accurate and current. If a study with a recruitment status of recruiting; not yet recruiting; or active, not recruiting has not been confirmed within the past 2 years, the study's recruitment status is shown as unknown.
August 1, 2017

More Information

Terms related to this study

Keywords

Additional Relevant MeSH Terms

Other Study ID Numbers

Other Study ID Numbers

Identifiers or ID numbers other than the NCT number that are assigned to a clinical study by the study's sponsor, funders, or others. These numbers may include unique identifiers from other trial registries and National Institutes of Health grant numbers.
  • 7990

Plan for Individual participant data (IPD)

Plan to Share Individual Participant Data (IPD)?

UNDECIDED

Drug and device information, study documents

Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated drug product

No

Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated device product

No

This information was retrieved directly from the website clinicaltrials.gov without any changes. If you have any requests to change, remove or update your study details, please contact register@clinicaltrials.gov. As soon as a change is implemented on clinicaltrials.gov, this will be updated automatically on our website as well.

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