Tobacco Cessation for Sexual Minorities

July 3, 2020 updated by: Kar-Hai Chu, University of Pittsburgh

There is a growing body of evidence revealing disproportionately higher rates of tobacco use among sexual and gender minority (SGM) individuals, compared to their heterosexual peers. These disparities have led organizations to support the inclusion of SGM in all local, state, and national tobacco prevention and control activities. In an attempt to leverage the online milieu for health-related interventions, mobile apps have been created to support tobacco cessation. However, evidence-based apps promoted by the National Cancer Institute are unpopular, remain poorly supported, and were not studied for use by SGM persons. Commercial apps, on the other hand, have been downloaded millions of times, contain many valuable features, and enjoy better infrastructure. Unfortunately, they are not evidence-based and have not been rigorously tested.

The University of Pittsburgh (Pitt) is currently conducting a randomized controlled trial to assess the feasibility and efficacy of using the Kwit tobacco cessation app with patients at UPMC Montefiore and Presbyterian hospitals (PI: Chu). It is a pragmatic clinical trial applying a patient-centered outcomes framework to ensure that-rather than focusing only on successful cessation-the study includes measurements for quality of life, mobility, and social interactions. We propose to extend the study to underrepresented SGM young adults.

Survey measures will be adapted as needed to address issues specific to the SGM population.

Study Overview

Status

Status

Indicates the current recruitment status or the expanded access status.
Terminated

Conditions

Conditions

The disease, disorder, syndrome, illness, or injury that is being studied. On ClinicalTrials.gov, conditions may also include other health-related issues, such as lifespan, quality of life, and health risks.

Intervention / Treatment

Intervention / Treatment

A process or action that is the focus of a clinical study. Interventions include drugs, medical devices, procedures, vaccines, and other products that are either investigational or already available. Interventions can also include noninvasive approaches, such as education or modifying diet and exercise.

Study Type

Study Type

Describes the nature of a clinical study. Study types include interventional studies (also called clinical trials), observational studies (including patient registries), and expanded access.
Interventional

Enrollment (Actual)

Enrollment

The number of participants in a clinical study. The "anticipated" enrollment is the target number of participants that the researchers need for the study.
32

Phase

Phase

The stage of a clinical trial studying a drug or biological product, based on definitions developed by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA). The phase is based on the study's objective, the number of participants, and other characteristics. There are five phases: Early Phase 1 (formerly listed as Phase 0), Phase 1, Phase 2, Phase 3, and Phase 4. Not Applicable is used to describe trials without FDA-defined phases, including trials of devices or behavioral interventions.
  • Not Applicable

Contacts and Locations

This section provides the contact details for those conducting the study, and information on where this study is being conducted.

Study Locations

  • United States
    • Pennsylvania
      • Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States, 15213
        • University of Pittsburgh

Participation Criteria

Researchers look for people who fit a certain description, called eligibility criteria. Some examples of these criteria are a person's general health condition or prior treatments.

Eligibility Criteria

Eligibility Criteria

The key requirements that people who want to participate in a clinical study must meet or the characteristics they must have. Eligibility criteria consist of both inclusion criteria (which are required for a person to participate in the study) and exclusion criteria (which prevent a person from participating). Types of eligibility criteria include whether a study accepts healthy volunteers, has age or age group requirements, or is limited by sex.

Ages Eligible for Study

18 years to 30 years (Adult)

Accepts Healthy Volunteers

No

Genders Eligible for Study

All

Description

Inclusion Criteria:

  • Age 18-30
  • Self-identified as a sexual minority (gay, lesbian, bisexual)
  • Smokers interested in cessation (>1 cigarettes/day over the past 30 days)
  • Must own an Apple or Android based smartphone.

Exclusion Criteria:

  • Already receiving pharmacological and/or behavioral intervention or counseling for smoking cessation

Study Plan

This section provides details of the study plan, including how the study is designed and what the study is measuring.

How is the study designed?

Design Details

  • Primary Purpose: Basic Science
  • Allocation: N/A
  • Interventional Model: Single Group Assignment
  • Masking: None (Open Label)

Arms and Interventions

Participant Group / Arm

Participant Group / Arm

A group or subgroup of participants in a clinical trial that receives a specific intervention/treatment, or no intervention, according to the trial's protocol.
Intervention / Treatment

Intervention / Treatment

A process or action that is the focus of a clinical study. Interventions include drugs, medical devices, procedures, vaccines, and other products that are either investigational or already available. Interventions can also include noninvasive approaches, such as education or modifying diet and exercise.
Experimental: Kwit smartphone app
This arm will receive the Kwit smartphone app.
Other: Kwit smartphone app
The Kwit smartphone app combines several popular features of tobacco cessation apps, including game-like features (e.g., unlocking achievement milestones for completing cessation-related tasks), useful statistics (e.g., money saved), and an ability to share progress with friends. Users can actively engage with the app to track cravings or view progress, such as life expectancy gained. A passive component notifies users when milestones have been achieved, e.g., when blood no longer contains nicotine. Motivational messages can be actively requested at any time; they can also appear unsolicited, as when the user logs cravings.

What is the study measuring?

Primary Outcome Measures

Primary Outcome Measures

In a clinical study's protocol, the planned outcome measure that is the most important for evaluating the effect of an intervention/treatment. Most clinical studies have one primary outcome measure, but some have more than one.
Outcome Measure
Measure Description
Time Frame
Helpfulness, frequency of use, and ease of use of the intervention smartphone app
Time Frame: 1-month and 3-month

Assessment of feasibility: Two follow-up surveys will be administered: the first, 1-month after recruitment,and the second, 3 months after recruitment. Surveys will be administered in-person. Specific questions will be asked to rate the Kwit smartphone application's feasibility, based on a combination of helpfulness, frequency of use, and ease of use. Frustrations and helpful aspects of the application will be assesses qualitatively.

  1. How helpful was the Kwit app?
  2. Was the app easy to use?

  3. Was it frustrating to use?

    Responses for 1-3 will be limited to Very helpful, Somewhat helpful, Neutral, Not very helpful, Not at all helpful

  4. What, if anything, was helpful about the app? What, if anything, was not helpful about the app?

Each of these responses (Q1-3) will be combined to report a single overall feasibility value. Qualitative data (Q4) will be used to modify scores as needed.
1-month and 3-month

Secondary Outcome Measures

Secondary Outcome Measures

In a clinical study's protocol, a planned outcome measure that is not as important as the primary outcome measure for evaluating the effect of an intervention but is still of interest. Most clinical studies have more than one secondary outcome measure.
Outcome Measure
Measure Description
Time Frame
Cessation (self-report)
Time Frame: 1-month and 3-month

Descriptive statistics will be used to assess cessation outcomes. The information will be obtained via two follow-up surveys (1 month and 3 months after recruitment), with specific questions pertaining to the level of participant smoking as well as their confidence levels on maintaining cessation.

  1. Since you joined the study, have you smoked a cigarette (even a puff)?
  2. How soon after you joined the study did you smoke your first cigarette, even a puff?
  3. In the past 30 days, on how many days did you smoke (even a puff)?
  4. (On the days you smoked) how many cigarettes on average did you smoke (even a puff)?
  5. In the past 7 days, have you smoked a cigarette, even a puff?
  6. How confident are you that you will be able to stay quit?

The overall assessment of cessation will be primarily based on the 7-day item.
1-month and 3-month
Cessation (bio-chemical)
Time Frame: 1-month and 3-month
Cessation will also be verified by a breath analysis monitor. The information will be obtained during each follow-up. Biochemical verification will be based on a 10 COppm cutoff to determine whether or not the participant has successfully quit tobacco.
1-month and 3-month

Collaborators and Investigators

This is where you will find people and organizations involved with this study.

Sponsor

Sponsor

The organization or person who initiates the study and who has authority and control over the study.
University of Pittsburgh

Study record dates

These dates track the progress of study record and summary results submissions to ClinicalTrials.gov. Study records and reported results are reviewed by the National Library of Medicine (NLM) to make sure they meet specific quality control standards before being posted on the public website.

Study Major Dates

Study Start (Actual)

Study Start

The actual date on which the first participant was enrolled in a clinical study. The "anticipated" study start date is the date that the researchers think will be the study start date.
October 4, 2018

Primary Completion (Actual)

Primary Completion

The date on which the last participant in a clinical study was examined or received an intervention to collect final data for the primary outcome measure. Whether the clinical study ended according to the protocol or was terminated does not affect this date. For clinical studies with more than one primary outcome measure with different completion dates, this term refers to the date on which data collection is completed for all the primary outcome measures. The "anticipated" primary completion date is the date that the researchers think will be the primary completion date for the study.
June 30, 2020

Study Completion (Actual)

Study Completion

The date on which the last participant in a clinical study was examined or received an intervention/treatment to collect final data for the primary outcome measures, secondary outcome measures, and adverse events (that is, the last participant's last visit). The "anticipated" study completion date is the date that the researchers think will be the study completion date.
June 30, 2020

Study Registration Dates

First Submitted

First Submitted

The date on which the study sponsor or investigator first submitted a study record to ClinicalTrials.gov. There is typically a delay of a few days between the first submitted date and the record's availability on ClinicalTrials.gov (the first posted date).
August 21, 2018

First Submitted That Met QC Criteria

First Submitted That Met QC Criteria

The date on which the study sponsor or investigator first submits a study record that is consistent with National Library of Medicine (NLM) quality control (QC) review criteria. The sponsor or investigator may need to revise and submit a study record one or more times before NLM's QC review criteria are met. It is the responsibility of the sponsor or investigator to ensure that the study record is consistent with the NLM QC review criteria.
August 21, 2018

First Posted (Actual)

First Posted

The date on which the study record was first available on ClinicalTrials.gov after National Library of Medicine (NLM) quality control (QC) review has concluded. There is typically a delay of a few days between the date the study sponsor or investigator submitted the study record and the first posted date.
August 23, 2018

Study Record Updates

Last Update Posted (Actual)

Last Update Posted

The most recent date on which changes to a study record were made available on ClinicalTrials.gov. There may be a delay between when the changes were submitted to ClinicalTrials.gov by the study's sponsor or investigator (the last update submitted date) and the last update posted date.
July 7, 2020

Last Update Submitted That Met QC Criteria

Last Update Submitted That Met QC Criteria

The most recent date on which the study sponsor or investigator submitted changes to a study record that are consistent with National Library of Medicine (NLM) quality control (QC) review criteria. It is the responsibility of the sponsor or investigator to ensure that the study record is consistent with the NLM QC review criteria.
July 3, 2020

Last Verified

Last Verified

The most recent date on which the study sponsor or investigator confirmed the information about a clinical study on ClinicalTrials.gov as accurate and current. If a study with a recruitment status of recruiting; not yet recruiting; or active, not recruiting has not been confirmed within the past 2 years, the study's recruitment status is shown as unknown.
July 1, 2020

More Information

Terms related to this study

Other Study ID Numbers

Other Study ID Numbers

Identifiers or ID numbers other than the NCT number that are assigned to a clinical study by the study's sponsor, funders, or others. These numbers may include unique identifiers from other trial registries and National Institutes of Health grant numbers.
  • PRO18050656

Drug and device information, study documents

Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated drug product

No

Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated device product

No

product manufactured in and exported from the U.S.

No

This information was retrieved directly from the website clinicaltrials.gov without any changes. If you have any requests to change, remove or update your study details, please contact register@clinicaltrials.gov. As soon as a change is implemented on clinicaltrials.gov, this will be updated automatically on our website as well.

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