Study to Test Efficacy of Real-time Reminders on Apple Watch To Decrease Late or Missed Meal Boluses

April 18, 2020 updated by: Marc Breton, University of Virginia

Pilot Study to Test Efficacy of Real-time Reminders on Apple Watch To Decrease Late or Missed Meal Boluses

This will be a randomized, cross-over, unblinded study with subjects randomized upon entry into the study to either begin using the Klue software for 6 weeks or to continue with their usual care for 6 weeks. Subjects are eligible for enrollment if they are using a continuous glucose monitor (CGM) with an insulin pump or an insulin pen with memory, and are missing or late in giving at least 4 food boluses in the previous two weeks. Missing or late meal boluses will be assessed through their pump/pen and sensor downloads. This is a pilot study. There is no preliminary data to do a true power calculation. The primary outcome will be the change in the number of missed meal boluses in the two weeks prior to each visit. Secondary outcome measures will be the number of missed meal boluses in each month of the study, change in HbA1c levels (measured every 6 weeks), accuracy of the Klue software in detecting meals (true positive and false positive rates), and a user satisfaction survey.

Study Overview

Status

Status

Indicates the current recruitment status or the expanded access status.
Completed

Conditions

Conditions

The disease, disorder, syndrome, illness, or injury that is being studied. On ClinicalTrials.gov, conditions may also include other health-related issues, such as lifespan, quality of life, and health risks.

Intervention / Treatment

Intervention / Treatment

A process or action that is the focus of a clinical study. Interventions include drugs, medical devices, procedures, vaccines, and other products that are either investigational or already available. Interventions can also include noninvasive approaches, such as education or modifying diet and exercise.

Study Type

Study Type

Describes the nature of a clinical study. Study types include interventional studies (also called clinical trials), observational studies (including patient registries), and expanded access.
Interventional

Enrollment (Actual)

Enrollment

The number of participants in a clinical study. The "anticipated" enrollment is the target number of participants that the researchers need for the study.
12

Phase

Phase

The stage of a clinical trial studying a drug or biological product, based on definitions developed by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA). The phase is based on the study's objective, the number of participants, and other characteristics. There are five phases: Early Phase 1 (formerly listed as Phase 0), Phase 1, Phase 2, Phase 3, and Phase 4. Not Applicable is used to describe trials without FDA-defined phases, including trials of devices or behavioral interventions.
  • Not Applicable

Contacts and Locations

This section provides the contact details for those conducting the study, and information on where this study is being conducted.

Study Locations

  • United States
    • Virginia
      • Charlottesville, Virginia, United States, 22908
        • University of Virginia

Participation Criteria

Researchers look for people who fit a certain description, called eligibility criteria. Some examples of these criteria are a person's general health condition or prior treatments.

Eligibility Criteria

Eligibility Criteria

The key requirements that people who want to participate in a clinical study must meet or the characteristics they must have. Eligibility criteria consist of both inclusion criteria (which are required for a person to participate in the study) and exclusion criteria (which prevent a person from participating). Types of eligibility criteria include whether a study accepts healthy volunteers, has age or age group requirements, or is limited by sex.

Ages Eligible for Study

18 years and older (Adult, Older Adult)

Accepts Healthy Volunteers

No

Genders Eligible for Study

All

Description

Inclusion Criteria:

  • Age 18 and over
  • Using an insulin pump for at least 3 months and currently using CGM or using an insulin pen with memory and currently using a CGM
  • Willing to wear a CGM at least 70% of the time while in the study
  • Willing to wear an Apple watch on their dominant hand while awake
  • Missing or late in giving at least four food boluses in the previous 2 weeks
  • Understanding and willingness to follow the protocol and sign informed consent

Exclusion Criteria:

  • Pregnant or lactating women
  • A known medical condition that in the judgement of the investigator might interfere with the completion of the protocol Note: Adequately treated thyroid disease and celiac disease do not exclude subjects from enrollment.
  • Current treatment for a seizure disorder
  • Inpatient psychiatric treatment in the past 6 months

Subject may participate in another trial if it is approved by the investigators of both trials.

Study Plan

This section provides details of the study plan, including how the study is designed and what the study is measuring.

How is the study designed?

Design Details

  • Primary Purpose: Supportive Care
  • Allocation: Randomized
  • Interventional Model: Crossover Assignment
  • Masking: None (Open Label)

Arms and Interventions

Participant Group / Arm

Participant Group / Arm

A group or subgroup of participants in a clinical trial that receives a specific intervention/treatment, or no intervention, according to the trial's protocol.
Intervention / Treatment

Intervention / Treatment

A process or action that is the focus of a clinical study. Interventions include drugs, medical devices, procedures, vaccines, and other products that are either investigational or already available. Interventions can also include noninvasive approaches, such as education or modifying diet and exercise.
Experimental: Klue App Use then Usual Care
Subjects will use the Klue App during the first 6 weeks of the trial. At 6 weeks, subjects will discontinue Klue App use and will continue the final 6 weeks without the product.
Other: Klue App
The Klue App utilizes an Apple Watch to detect eating or drinking behavior. The App can initiate a sequence of questions when eating/drinking is detected to determine if a subject has administered a bolus for the meal or if they need to do so.
Experimental: Usual Care then Klue App Use
Subjects will begin the study without using the Klue App during the first 6 weeks of the trial. At 6 weeks, subjects will begin the use of the Klue App and will continue the final 6 weeks with the product.
Other: Klue App
The Klue App utilizes an Apple Watch to detect eating or drinking behavior. The App can initiate a sequence of questions when eating/drinking is detected to determine if a subject has administered a bolus for the meal or if they need to do so.

What is the study measuring?

Primary Outcome Measures

Primary Outcome Measures

In a clinical study's protocol, the planned outcome measure that is the most important for evaluating the effect of an intervention/treatment. Most clinical studies have one primary outcome measure, but some have more than one.
Outcome Measure
Measure Description
Time Frame
Number of missed meal boluses
Time Frame: During the two weeks prior to each visit
The change in the number of missed meal boluses
During the two weeks prior to each visit

Secondary Outcome Measures

Secondary Outcome Measures

In a clinical study's protocol, a planned outcome measure that is not as important as the primary outcome measure for evaluating the effect of an intervention but is still of interest. Most clinical studies have more than one secondary outcome measure.
Outcome Measure
Measure Description
Time Frame
Number of missed meal boluses as a measure of attenuation to the alerts
Time Frame: 6 weeks
The change in the number of missed meal boluses as a measure of attenuation to the alerts
6 weeks
Number of missed meal boluses as a measure of attenuation to the alerts
Time Frame: 12 weeks
The change in the number of missed meal boluses as a measure of attenuation to the alerts
12 weeks
Change in Hemoglobin A1c Levels
Time Frame: 3 months
Change in Hemoglobin A1c Levels
3 months
Time in range 70-180 mg/dL
Time Frame: 6 weeks
Time in range 70-180 mg/dL as measured by CGM
6 weeks
Time in range 70-180 mg/dL
Time Frame: 12 weeks
Time in range 70-180 mg/dL as measured by CGM
12 weeks
Percent time <70 mg/dL mean glucose
Time Frame: 6 weeks
Percent time <70 mg/dL mean glucose as measured by CGM
6 weeks
Percent time <70 mg/dL mean glucose
Time Frame: 12 weeks
Percent time <70 mg/dL mean glucose as measured by CGM
12 weeks
Glucose Coefficient of Variation
Time Frame: 6 weeks
Glucose (as measured by CGM) Coefficient of Variation
6 weeks
Glucose Coefficient of Variation
Time Frame: 12 weeks
Glucose (as measured by CGM) Coefficient of Variation
12 weeks
Total daily insulin dose
Time Frame: 6 weeks
Total daily insulin dose
6 weeks
Total daily insulin dose
Time Frame: 12 weeks
Total daily insulin dose
12 weeks
Number of meal bolus injections each day
Time Frame: 6 weeks
Number of meal bolus injections each day
6 weeks
Number of meal bolus injections each day
Time Frame: 12 weeks
Number of meal bolus injections each day
12 weeks
Number of total bolus injections each day
Time Frame: 6 weeks
Number of total bolus injections each day
6 weeks
Number of total bolus injections each day
Time Frame: 12 weeks
Number of total bolus injections each day
12 weeks
Total daily basal insulin
Time Frame: 6 weeks
Total daily basal insulin
6 weeks
Total daily basal insulin
Time Frame: 12 weeks
Total daily basal insulin
12 weeks
Accuracy of Klue in detecting meals
Time Frame: 3 months
Accuracy of Klue in detecting meals (true positive and false positive rates)
3 months
User satisfaction of Klue
Time Frame: 3 months
User satisfaction of Klue
3 months
Diabetes-Specific Attitudes about Technology (DSAT) Scores
Time Frame: 3 months
DSAT Scores (Scaled from "Strongly Disagree" to "Strongly Agree" in relation to attitudes related to technology in diabetes treatment)
3 months
Diabetes Distress Scale (DDS) Scores
Time Frame: 3 months
DDS Scores (Scaled from "Not a Problem" to "A Very Serious Problem" in relation to feelings/mood related to diabetes)
3 months

Collaborators and Investigators

This is where you will find people and organizations involved with this study.

Sponsor

Sponsor

The organization or person who initiates the study and who has authority and control over the study.
University of Virginia

Collaborators

Collaborators

An organization other than the sponsor that provides support for a clinical study. This support may include activities related to funding, design, implementation, data analysis, or reporting.
Stanford University
Klue, Inc.

Investigators

Investigators

A researcher involved in a clinical study. Related terms include site principal investigator, site sub-investigator, study chair, study director, and study principal investigator.
  • Principal Investigator: Marc Breton, PhD, University of Virginia

Publications and helpful links

The person responsible for entering information about the study voluntarily provides these publications. These may be about anything related to the study.

General Publications

Study record dates

These dates track the progress of study record and summary results submissions to ClinicalTrials.gov. Study records and reported results are reviewed by the National Library of Medicine (NLM) to make sure they meet specific quality control standards before being posted on the public website.

Study Major Dates

Study Start (Actual)

Study Start

The actual date on which the first participant was enrolled in a clinical study. The "anticipated" study start date is the date that the researchers think will be the study start date.
May 29, 2019

Primary Completion (Actual)

Primary Completion

The date on which the last participant in a clinical study was examined or received an intervention to collect final data for the primary outcome measure. Whether the clinical study ended according to the protocol or was terminated does not affect this date. For clinical studies with more than one primary outcome measure with different completion dates, this term refers to the date on which data collection is completed for all the primary outcome measures. The "anticipated" primary completion date is the date that the researchers think will be the primary completion date for the study.
November 18, 2019

Study Completion (Actual)

Study Completion

The date on which the last participant in a clinical study was examined or received an intervention/treatment to collect final data for the primary outcome measures, secondary outcome measures, and adverse events (that is, the last participant's last visit). The "anticipated" study completion date is the date that the researchers think will be the study completion date.
November 18, 2019

Study Registration Dates

First Submitted

First Submitted

The date on which the study sponsor or investigator first submitted a study record to ClinicalTrials.gov. There is typically a delay of a few days between the first submitted date and the record's availability on ClinicalTrials.gov (the first posted date).
January 11, 2019

First Submitted That Met QC Criteria

First Submitted That Met QC Criteria

The date on which the study sponsor or investigator first submits a study record that is consistent with National Library of Medicine (NLM) quality control (QC) review criteria. The sponsor or investigator may need to revise and submit a study record one or more times before NLM's QC review criteria are met. It is the responsibility of the sponsor or investigator to ensure that the study record is consistent with the NLM QC review criteria.
January 15, 2019

First Posted (Actual)

First Posted

The date on which the study record was first available on ClinicalTrials.gov after National Library of Medicine (NLM) quality control (QC) review has concluded. There is typically a delay of a few days between the date the study sponsor or investigator submitted the study record and the first posted date.
January 18, 2019

Study Record Updates

Last Update Posted (Actual)

Last Update Posted

The most recent date on which changes to a study record were made available on ClinicalTrials.gov. There may be a delay between when the changes were submitted to ClinicalTrials.gov by the study's sponsor or investigator (the last update submitted date) and the last update posted date.
April 21, 2020

Last Update Submitted That Met QC Criteria

Last Update Submitted That Met QC Criteria

The most recent date on which the study sponsor or investigator submitted changes to a study record that are consistent with National Library of Medicine (NLM) quality control (QC) review criteria. It is the responsibility of the sponsor or investigator to ensure that the study record is consistent with the NLM QC review criteria.
April 18, 2020

Last Verified

Last Verified

The most recent date on which the study sponsor or investigator confirmed the information about a clinical study on ClinicalTrials.gov as accurate and current. If a study with a recruitment status of recruiting; not yet recruiting; or active, not recruiting has not been confirmed within the past 2 years, the study's recruitment status is shown as unknown.
April 1, 2020

More Information

Terms related to this study

Keywords

Additional Relevant MeSH Terms

Other Study ID Numbers

Other Study ID Numbers

Identifiers or ID numbers other than the NCT number that are assigned to a clinical study by the study's sponsor, funders, or others. These numbers may include unique identifiers from other trial registries and National Institutes of Health grant numbers.
  • 180034

Plan for Individual participant data (IPD)

Plan to Share Individual Participant Data (IPD)?

NO

IPD Plan Description

There is no current plan to share individual participant data

Drug and device information, study documents

Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated drug product

No

Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated device product

No

This information was retrieved directly from the website clinicaltrials.gov without any changes. If you have any requests to change, remove or update your study details, please contact register@clinicaltrials.gov. As soon as a change is implemented on clinicaltrials.gov, this will be updated automatically on our website as well.

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Conditions

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