Gut Microbiota Composition in Hispanic and Non-Hispanic Children.

June 26, 2020 updated by: Matthew Di Guglielmo, Nemours Children's Clinic

Comparison of the Gut Microbiota Composition in Caucasian Hispanic and Caucasian Non-Hispanic Children With and Without Obesity

The human gastrointestinal (GI) tract is filled with millions of bacteria that can affect our health. These bacteria are linked with our overall health including obesity risk. In the United States the Hispanic population is one of the ethnic groups at higher risk of developing obesity. In this study the team will investigate differences in the GI bacterial composition between Hispanic and Caucasian children, and potentially demonstrate a correlation between the composition of metagenome and a higher risk to develop obesity. This will be done by collecting stool samples and comparing the bacteria found in the stool of Hispanic children (with and without obesity) and Caucasian children (with and without obesity.

Study Overview

Status

Status

Indicates the current recruitment status or the expanded access status.
Completed

Conditions

Conditions

The disease, disorder, syndrome, illness, or injury that is being studied. On ClinicalTrials.gov, conditions may also include other health-related issues, such as lifespan, quality of life, and health risks.

Intervention / Treatment

Intervention / Treatment

A process or action that is the focus of a clinical study. Interventions include drugs, medical devices, procedures, vaccines, and other products that are either investigational or already available. Interventions can also include noninvasive approaches, such as education or modifying diet and exercise.

Detailed Description

I. SPECIFIC AIMS There are a vast number of microbes in the human gastrointestinal tract (GI) including bacterial, fungal and protozoal microorganisms which all together make our microbiome. Over the last years evidence has shown that the GI microbiome is linked with our overall health including obesity risk. The GI microbiota can influence both sides of the energy balance that includes factors influencing energy utilization from the diet and factors that play a role in the regulation of energy expenditure and storage by influencing host genes (1, 2). Studies of demonstrated that overweight and obesity rates are among the highest for Hispanic children in the United States. It is estimated that in the US 47% of Hispanic children are overweight and 31% have obesity, compared to 35% and 21% respectively for Caucasian non-Hispanic children. Literature has shown environment factors are associated with childhood obesity in Hispanic children including: parental influences, screen time, physical activity behavior, socioeconomic status/food security, and sleep duration (3,4). Thus far there have been no studies having investigated if there are significant differences in the gut microbiome of Hispanic children; moreover, whether these differences (taxonomy or gene expression) puts them at higher risk to develop obesity compared other ethnic groups.

The investigators predict there are significant GI microbiome differences between Caucasian non-Hispanic children and Hispanic Children.

Aim: Confirm differences in microbiome between Caucasian non-Hispanic children (with and without obesity) and Hispanic children (with and without obesity) in this pilot study.

Hypothesis: Hispanic children will have a lower fecal bacterial diversity compared to Caucasian non-Hispanic children that is associated with more overall adiposity and impaired glucose homeostasis determined by:

A) Next generation metagenomic "whole genome/shotgun" sequencing of DNA from fecal samples of cohorts which includes Hispanic children with obesity, Hispanic children without obesity, Caucasian non-Hispanic children with obesity and Caucasian non-Hispanic children without obesity.

B) Bioinformatics computational analysis comparing the four groups to determine beta diversity (relative taxonomic) abundance.

II. BACKGROUND AND SIGNIFICANCE Obesity is a serious health risk in the United States. The prevalence of childhood obesity has increased over the last two decades. According the U.S. Department of health and Human Services, recent date showed that the prevalence of obesity higher among youth aged 6-11 year and adolescents aged 12-19 years compared with children aged 2-5 years of age. The Hispanic population is among the most affected ethnic groups in the United States. Approximately 47% of Hispanic children are overweight and 31% have obesity. Multiple factors have been found to play a role in the development of childhood obesity in Hispanic children, including: parental influences, screen time, physical activity behavior, socioeconomic status/food security, and sleep duration.

Over the last few years there has been a research interest in understanding the development and pathogenesis of obesity. Recent studies have found that the gut microbiota plays in an important role in the triggering and the development on obesity. The GI microbiota can influence both sides of the energy balance that includes factors influencing energy utilization from the diet and factors that play a role in the regulation of energy expenditure and storage by influencing host genes. In a study by Hou, they evaluated the 16S rRNA gene, the enterotypes and quantity of gut microbiota among obese children and a healthy control cohort. In this study they found that the composition of the gut microbiota showed significant differences between obese children and healthy controls. The results indicated that the phyla of Firmicutes and Bacteroidetes were the predominant fecal microbiome in both cohorts but the relative abundance ratio of Firmicutes and Bacteroidetes (F/B) in the obese cohort was significantly higher than that in the healthy controls. Firmicutes are associated with genes involved in carbohydrate catabolism and is rich in obese individuals, while Bacteroidetes are linked with diminished body mass.

At this time there have been no studies that have investigated if there are significant differences in the gut microbiome of Hispanic children; moreover, whether these differences (taxonomy or gene expression) puts them at higher risk to develop obesity compared other ethnic groups. The study team feels it is important to identify possible microbiome differences in the Hispanic population that may put them at a higher risk of developing childhood obesity.

III. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS INCLUDING STATISTICAL ANALYSIS Study Subjects/Experimental Design The investigators will recruit and enroll 4 cohorts including 6 Hispanic children with obesity, 6 Hispanic children without obesity, 6 Caucasian non-Hispanic children with obesity and 6 Caucasian non-Hispanic children without obesity. Obesity will be defined as a BMI >95%. Enrollment age will be between 6-12 years of age. The investigators will obtain baseline characteristics at the time of enrollment, including anthropometric measures (weight, length, BMI), dietary history (including 24 hour recall diary and a food frequency questionnaire), and physical activity history (Physical activity questionnaire). The investigators will obtain medication history, including history of use antibiotics, steroids and probiotics.

Dietary and Physical activity measurement At fecal collection, investigators will obtain dietary information for the patient using a 30-food item food frequency questionnaire and a 24-hour food recall diary. Diet records will be analyzed using the Nutrient Data System for Research software (Minneapolis, MN). The investigators will determine intake of macro- and micronutrient intake as well as patterns of dietary intake using the latent class (person-centered approach) as well as factor (data-based approach) analyses.

The investigators will collect physical activity data on the patient using the Physical Activity Questionnaire for Older Children (PAQ-C) and will analyze with Spearman correlation coefficients. Clinical data management will be the responsibility of the principal investigator and GI fellow/co-investigator and will use a secure database, REDCap, through Nemours' REDCap system.

Fecal Sample Collection With permission from the parent/guardian, stool collected in a sterile container will be brought within 12 hours of defecation from home or the outpatient clinic to a separate clinical laboratory where feces will be collected through use of FLOQswab brush x 3 (Copan Diagnostics, Murrieta, CA) The swabs will be pre-labeled with a de-identified code reflecting patient number, sample number, and date and the sample will be placed into dry ice then transferred to a -80 degrees Celsius freezer until retrieval by the research staff for transfer to CHOP Microbiome Center.

Bacterial DNA Isolation DNA will be extracted from samples using the DNeasy PowerSoil kit using the manufacturer's instructions (Qiagen, Germantown, MD). Shotgun libraries will be generated from 1 ng of DNA using the NexteraXT kit (Illumina, San Diego, CA, USA). Libraries will be sequenced on an Illumina HiSeq 2500 using 2x125bp chemistry in High Output mode.

Bioinformatics processing and statistical analysis Differences in weight gain, HgbA1c, physical activity associated with nutritional diet records or other outcomes will be assessed using t-test or Mann Whitney U test, adjusting for covariates. The relationship between nutrition records and outcomes will be further examined using mixed effects models, adjusting for the effect of key physical activity or dietary variables.

FASTQ files will be analyzed using an established computational pipeline developed at Nemours.

Study Type

Study Type

Describes the nature of a clinical study. Study types include interventional studies (also called clinical trials), observational studies (including patient registries), and expanded access.
Observational

Enrollment (Actual)

Enrollment

The number of participants in a clinical study. The "anticipated" enrollment is the target number of participants that the researchers need for the study.
17

Contacts and Locations

This section provides the contact details for those conducting the study, and information on where this study is being conducted.

Study Locations

  • United States
    • Delaware
      • Wilmington, Delaware, United States, 19803
        • Nemours/AI duPont Hospital for Children

Participation Criteria

Researchers look for people who fit a certain description, called eligibility criteria. Some examples of these criteria are a person's general health condition or prior treatments.

Eligibility Criteria

Eligibility Criteria

The key requirements that people who want to participate in a clinical study must meet or the characteristics they must have. Eligibility criteria consist of both inclusion criteria (which are required for a person to participate in the study) and exclusion criteria (which prevent a person from participating). Types of eligibility criteria include whether a study accepts healthy volunteers, has age or age group requirements, or is limited by sex.

Ages Eligible for Study

6 years to 12 years (Child)

Accepts Healthy Volunteers

Yes

Genders Eligible for Study

All

Sampling Method

Non-Probability Sample

Study Population

The investigators will recruit and enroll 4 cohorts including 6 Hispanic children with obesity, 6 Hispanic children without obesity, 6 Caucasian non-Hispanic children with obesity and 6 Caucasian non-Hispanic children without obesity. Obesity will be defined as a BMI >95%. Enrollment age will be between 6-12 years of age.

Description

Inclusion Criteria:

  • Caucasian non-Hispanic and Hispanic Children with and without obesity.

Exclusion Criteria:

  • if the subject has a current or recent (within the past 14 days) gastrointestinal infection (viral, bacterial, or fungal)
  • Known to have gastrointestinal mucosal disease or have clinically significant constipation.
  • Children taking probiotics.
  • History of antibiotic use within the last 6 months at the time of recruitment.

Study Plan

This section provides details of the study plan, including how the study is designed and what the study is measuring.

How is the study designed?

Design Details

Cohorts and Interventions

Group / Cohort

Group / Cohort

A group or subgroup of participants in an observational study that is assessed for biomedical or health outcomes.
Intervention / Treatment

Intervention / Treatment

A process or action that is the focus of a clinical study. Interventions include drugs, medical devices, procedures, vaccines, and other products that are either investigational or already available. Interventions can also include noninvasive approaches, such as education or modifying diet and exercise.
Hispanic children with obesity
Other: Fecal Sample Collection
With permission from the parent/guardian, stool collected in a sterile container will be brought within 12 hours of defecation from home or the outpatient clinic to a separate clinical laboratory where feces will be collected through use of FLOQswab brush x 3 (Copan Diagnostics, Murrieta, CA) The swabs will be pre-labeled with a de-identified code reflecting patient number, sample number, and date and the sample will be placed into dry ice then transferred to a -80 degrees Celsius freezer until retrieval by the research staff for transfer to CHOP Microbiome Center.
Other: Physical Activity Questionnaire
At the initial encounter the co-investigator Dr. David Garcia, who is a certified Spanish translator will complete the Physical Activity Questionnaire (Physical Activity Questionnaire for Older Children) with the subject and parent.
Other: Food Frequency Questionnaire
At the initial encounter the co-investigator Dr. David Garcia, who is a certified Spanish translator will complete the Food Frequency Questionnaire with the subject and parent.
Other: 24-hour dietary recall diary
At the initial encounter the co-investigator Dr. David Garcia, who is a certified Spanish translator will complete the 24-hour dietary recall diary with the subject and parent.
Hispanic children without obesity
Other: Fecal Sample Collection
With permission from the parent/guardian, stool collected in a sterile container will be brought within 12 hours of defecation from home or the outpatient clinic to a separate clinical laboratory where feces will be collected through use of FLOQswab brush x 3 (Copan Diagnostics, Murrieta, CA) The swabs will be pre-labeled with a de-identified code reflecting patient number, sample number, and date and the sample will be placed into dry ice then transferred to a -80 degrees Celsius freezer until retrieval by the research staff for transfer to CHOP Microbiome Center.
Other: Physical Activity Questionnaire
At the initial encounter the co-investigator Dr. David Garcia, who is a certified Spanish translator will complete the Physical Activity Questionnaire (Physical Activity Questionnaire for Older Children) with the subject and parent.
Other: Food Frequency Questionnaire
At the initial encounter the co-investigator Dr. David Garcia, who is a certified Spanish translator will complete the Food Frequency Questionnaire with the subject and parent.
Other: 24-hour dietary recall diary
At the initial encounter the co-investigator Dr. David Garcia, who is a certified Spanish translator will complete the 24-hour dietary recall diary with the subject and parent.
Caucasian non-Hispanic children with obesity
Other: Fecal Sample Collection
With permission from the parent/guardian, stool collected in a sterile container will be brought within 12 hours of defecation from home or the outpatient clinic to a separate clinical laboratory where feces will be collected through use of FLOQswab brush x 3 (Copan Diagnostics, Murrieta, CA) The swabs will be pre-labeled with a de-identified code reflecting patient number, sample number, and date and the sample will be placed into dry ice then transferred to a -80 degrees Celsius freezer until retrieval by the research staff for transfer to CHOP Microbiome Center.
Other: Physical Activity Questionnaire
At the initial encounter the co-investigator Dr. David Garcia, who is a certified Spanish translator will complete the Physical Activity Questionnaire (Physical Activity Questionnaire for Older Children) with the subject and parent.
Other: Food Frequency Questionnaire
At the initial encounter the co-investigator Dr. David Garcia, who is a certified Spanish translator will complete the Food Frequency Questionnaire with the subject and parent.
Other: 24-hour dietary recall diary
At the initial encounter the co-investigator Dr. David Garcia, who is a certified Spanish translator will complete the 24-hour dietary recall diary with the subject and parent.
Caucasian non-Hispanic children without obesity
Other: Fecal Sample Collection
With permission from the parent/guardian, stool collected in a sterile container will be brought within 12 hours of defecation from home or the outpatient clinic to a separate clinical laboratory where feces will be collected through use of FLOQswab brush x 3 (Copan Diagnostics, Murrieta, CA) The swabs will be pre-labeled with a de-identified code reflecting patient number, sample number, and date and the sample will be placed into dry ice then transferred to a -80 degrees Celsius freezer until retrieval by the research staff for transfer to CHOP Microbiome Center.
Other: Physical Activity Questionnaire
At the initial encounter the co-investigator Dr. David Garcia, who is a certified Spanish translator will complete the Physical Activity Questionnaire (Physical Activity Questionnaire for Older Children) with the subject and parent.
Other: Food Frequency Questionnaire
At the initial encounter the co-investigator Dr. David Garcia, who is a certified Spanish translator will complete the Food Frequency Questionnaire with the subject and parent.
Other: 24-hour dietary recall diary
At the initial encounter the co-investigator Dr. David Garcia, who is a certified Spanish translator will complete the 24-hour dietary recall diary with the subject and parent.

What is the study measuring?

Primary Outcome Measures

Primary Outcome Measures

In a clinical study's protocol, the planned outcome measure that is the most important for evaluating the effect of an intervention/treatment. Most clinical studies have one primary outcome measure, but some have more than one.
Outcome Measure
Measure Description
Time Frame
Metagenome of each patient's fecal sample
Time Frame: through study completion, an average of 9 months
sequence of all bacterial DNA and other organism's DNA in a sample
through study completion, an average of 9 months
Physical Activity
Time Frame: through study completion, an average of 9 months
Administer a validated physical activity questionnaire
through study completion, an average of 9 months
Food frequency questionnaire
Time Frame: through study completion, an average of 9 months
Administer a validated food frequency questionnaire
through study completion, an average of 9 months

Collaborators and Investigators

This is where you will find people and organizations involved with this study.

Sponsor

Sponsor

The organization or person who initiates the study and who has authority and control over the study.
Nemours Children's Clinic

Investigators

Investigators

A researcher involved in a clinical study. Related terms include site principal investigator, site sub-investigator, study chair, study director, and study principal investigator.
  • Principal Investigator: Matthew D Di Guglielmo, MD PhD, Nemours

Publications and helpful links

The person responsible for entering information about the study voluntarily provides these publications. These may be about anything related to the study.

General Publications

Study record dates

These dates track the progress of study record and summary results submissions to ClinicalTrials.gov. Study records and reported results are reviewed by the National Library of Medicine (NLM) to make sure they meet specific quality control standards before being posted on the public website.

Study Major Dates

Study Start (Actual)

Study Start

The actual date on which the first participant was enrolled in a clinical study. The "anticipated" study start date is the date that the researchers think will be the study start date.
June 14, 2019

Primary Completion (Actual)

Primary Completion

The date on which the last participant in a clinical study was examined or received an intervention to collect final data for the primary outcome measure. Whether the clinical study ended according to the protocol or was terminated does not affect this date. For clinical studies with more than one primary outcome measure with different completion dates, this term refers to the date on which data collection is completed for all the primary outcome measures. The "anticipated" primary completion date is the date that the researchers think will be the primary completion date for the study.
February 28, 2020

Study Completion (Actual)

Study Completion

The date on which the last participant in a clinical study was examined or received an intervention/treatment to collect final data for the primary outcome measures, secondary outcome measures, and adverse events (that is, the last participant's last visit). The "anticipated" study completion date is the date that the researchers think will be the study completion date.
June 15, 2020

Study Registration Dates

First Submitted

First Submitted

The date on which the study sponsor or investigator first submitted a study record to ClinicalTrials.gov. There is typically a delay of a few days between the first submitted date and the record's availability on ClinicalTrials.gov (the first posted date).
May 16, 2019

First Submitted That Met QC Criteria

First Submitted That Met QC Criteria

The date on which the study sponsor or investigator first submits a study record that is consistent with National Library of Medicine (NLM) quality control (QC) review criteria. The sponsor or investigator may need to revise and submit a study record one or more times before NLM's QC review criteria are met. It is the responsibility of the sponsor or investigator to ensure that the study record is consistent with the NLM QC review criteria.
June 17, 2019

First Posted (Actual)

First Posted

The date on which the study record was first available on ClinicalTrials.gov after National Library of Medicine (NLM) quality control (QC) review has concluded. There is typically a delay of a few days between the date the study sponsor or investigator submitted the study record and the first posted date.
June 18, 2019

Study Record Updates

Last Update Posted (Actual)

Last Update Posted

The most recent date on which changes to a study record were made available on ClinicalTrials.gov. There may be a delay between when the changes were submitted to ClinicalTrials.gov by the study's sponsor or investigator (the last update submitted date) and the last update posted date.
June 30, 2020

Last Update Submitted That Met QC Criteria

Last Update Submitted That Met QC Criteria

The most recent date on which the study sponsor or investigator submitted changes to a study record that are consistent with National Library of Medicine (NLM) quality control (QC) review criteria. It is the responsibility of the sponsor or investigator to ensure that the study record is consistent with the NLM QC review criteria.
June 26, 2020

Last Verified

Last Verified

The most recent date on which the study sponsor or investigator confirmed the information about a clinical study on ClinicalTrials.gov as accurate and current. If a study with a recruitment status of recruiting; not yet recruiting; or active, not recruiting has not been confirmed within the past 2 years, the study's recruitment status is shown as unknown.
June 1, 2020

More Information

Terms related to this study

Keywords

Additional Relevant MeSH Terms

Other Study ID Numbers

Other Study ID Numbers

Identifiers or ID numbers other than the NCT number that are assigned to a clinical study by the study's sponsor, funders, or others. These numbers may include unique identifiers from other trial registries and National Institutes of Health grant numbers.
  • 1347478

Plan for Individual participant data (IPD)

Plan to Share Individual Participant Data (IPD)?

NO

Drug and device information, study documents

Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated drug product

No

Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated device product

No

This information was retrieved directly from the website clinicaltrials.gov without any changes. If you have any requests to change, remove or update your study details, please contact register@clinicaltrials.gov. As soon as a change is implemented on clinicaltrials.gov, this will be updated automatically on our website as well.

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