Effect of Smoking on Saliva Composition and the Development of Dental Erosion

January 24, 2026 updated by: Philipp Kanzow, Prof. Dr. med. dent., Dr. rer. medic., University of Göttingen

Effect of Smoking on Saliva Composition and the Development of Dental Erosion - an In-situ Study

The aim of this study is to investigate whether smoking is associated with changes in salivary composition and/or predisposition to erosion.

Healthy volunteers are observationally wearing an intraoral device with both bovine tooth specimens (enamel and dentin) and resin specimens twice for two hours each. Afterwards, specimens are eroded extraorally and calcium release into the acid is measured.

Total protein concentration and protein composition of the salivary pellicles on the resin samples are measured. Additionally, salivary parameters (unstimulated and stimulated saliva flow rate, pH, buffer capacity, total protein content and protein composition as well as concentration of inorganic calcium, phosphate, and fluoride) are measured.

Study Overview

Status

Status

Indicates the current recruitment status or the expanded access status.
Completed

Conditions

Conditions

The disease, disorder, syndrome, illness, or injury that is being studied. On ClinicalTrials.gov, conditions may also include other health-related issues, such as lifespan, quality of life, and health risks.

Intervention / Treatment

Intervention / Treatment

A process or action that is the focus of a clinical study. Interventions include drugs, medical devices, procedures, vaccines, and other products that are either investigational or already available. Interventions can also include noninvasive approaches, such as education or modifying diet and exercise.

Study Type

Study Type

Describes the nature of a clinical study. Study types include interventional studies (also called clinical trials), observational studies (including patient registries), and expanded access.
Observational

Enrollment (Actual)

Enrollment

The number of participants in a clinical study. The "anticipated" enrollment is the target number of participants that the researchers need for the study.
50

Contacts and Locations

This section provides the contact details for those conducting the study, and information on where this study is being conducted.

Study Locations

  • Germany
    • Lower Saxony
      • Göttingen, Lower Saxony, Germany, 37075
        • University Medical Center Göttingen, Dept. of Preventive Dentistry, Periodontology and Cariology

Participation Criteria

Researchers look for people who fit a certain description, called eligibility criteria. Some examples of these criteria are a person's general health condition or prior treatments.

Eligibility Criteria

Eligibility Criteria

The key requirements that people who want to participate in a clinical study must meet or the characteristics they must have. Eligibility criteria consist of both inclusion criteria (which are required for a person to participate in the study) and exclusion criteria (which prevent a person from participating). Types of eligibility criteria include whether a study accepts healthy volunteers, has age or age group requirements, or is limited by sex.

Ages Eligible for Study

20 years to 50 years (Adult)

Accepts Healthy Volunteers

Yes

Sampling Method

Non-Probability Sample

Study Population

Exploratory study

Description

Inclusion Criteria:

  • Volunteers aged between 20 and 50 years who are able to give written consent

Exclusion Criteria:

  • Non-fulfillment of the inclusion criteria
  • Intake of medications or diseases altering salivary secretion
  • Refusal to use fluoridated toothpastes
  • Known allergies to substances used in the study
  • Orthodontic treatment or malfunction which does not allow wearing an intraoral device

Study Plan

This section provides details of the study plan, including how the study is designed and what the study is measuring.

How is the study designed?

Design Details

Cohorts and Interventions

Group / Cohort

Group / Cohort

A group or subgroup of participants in an observational study that is assessed for biomedical or health outcomes.
Intervention / Treatment

Intervention / Treatment

A process or action that is the focus of a clinical study. Interventions include drugs, medical devices, procedures, vaccines, and other products that are either investigational or already available. Interventions can also include noninvasive approaches, such as education or modifying diet and exercise.
Smokers
Volunteers smoking at least 10 cigarettes per day
Other: Wearing of an intraoral device with bovine tooth samples
Wearing of an intraoral device with bovine tooth samples
Other: Use of fluoridated toothpaste
Use of fluoridated toothpaste
Other: Wearing of an intraoral device with resin samples
Wearing of an intraoral device with resin samples
Non-smokers
Non-smoking volunteers
Other: Wearing of an intraoral device with bovine tooth samples
Wearing of an intraoral device with bovine tooth samples
Other: Use of fluoridated toothpaste
Use of fluoridated toothpaste
Other: Wearing of an intraoral device with resin samples
Wearing of an intraoral device with resin samples

What is the study measuring?

Primary Outcome Measures

Primary Outcome Measures

In a clinical study's protocol, the planned outcome measure that is the most important for evaluating the effect of an intervention/treatment. Most clinical studies have one primary outcome measure, but some have more than one.
Outcome Measure
Time Frame
Calcium release from bovine enamel and dentin specimens by extraoral erosion (nmol/Square Millimeter).
Time Frame: Immediately after the intraoral device has been worn once for two hours.
Immediately after the intraoral device has been worn once for two hours.

Secondary Outcome Measures

Secondary Outcome Measures

In a clinical study's protocol, a planned outcome measure that is not as important as the primary outcome measure for evaluating the effect of an intervention but is still of interest. Most clinical studies have more than one secondary outcome measure.
Outcome Measure
Time Frame
Determination of unstimulated and stimulated saliva flow rate (mL/min).
Time Frame: Saliva samples are collected for 5 min each on three visits.
Saliva samples are collected for 5 min each on three visits.
Determination of saliva pH (pH).
Time Frame: Saliva samples are collected for 5 min each on three visits.
Saliva samples are collected for 5 min each on three visits.
Determination of salivary buffer capacity (pH).
Time Frame: Saliva samples are collected for 5 min each on three visits.
Saliva samples are collected for 5 min each on three visits.
Determination of total protein concentration (ng/Square Millimeter) and protein composition (qualitatively) within the salivary pellicles.
Time Frame: Immediately after the intraoral device with resin samples has been worn once for two hours.
Immediately after the intraoral device with resin samples has been worn once for two hours.
Determination of total protein content (mg/L) and protein composition (qualitatively) in saliva.
Time Frame: Saliva samples are collected for 5 min each on three visits.
Saliva samples are collected for 5 min each on three visits.
Determination of inorganic calcium (mmol/L), phosphate (mmol/L) and fluoride (µmol/L) in saliva.
Time Frame: Saliva samples are collected for 5 min each on three visits.
Saliva samples are collected for 5 min each on three visits.

Collaborators and Investigators

This is where you will find people and organizations involved with this study.

Sponsor

Sponsor

The organization or person who initiates the study and who has authority and control over the study.
University of Göttingen

Investigators

Investigators

A researcher involved in a clinical study. Related terms include site principal investigator, site sub-investigator, study chair, study director, and study principal investigator.
  • Principal Investigator: Annette Wiegand, Prof. Dr. med. dent., Dept. of Prev. Dentistry, Periodontology and Cariology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Germany

Publications and helpful links

The person responsible for entering information about the study voluntarily provides these publications. These may be about anything related to the study.

General Publications

Study record dates

These dates track the progress of study record and summary results submissions to ClinicalTrials.gov. Study records and reported results are reviewed by the National Library of Medicine (NLM) to make sure they meet specific quality control standards before being posted on the public website.

Study Major Dates

Study Start (Actual)

Study Start

The actual date on which the first participant was enrolled in a clinical study. The "anticipated" study start date is the date that the researchers think will be the study start date.
September 24, 2020

Primary Completion (Actual)

Primary Completion

The date on which the last participant in a clinical study was examined or received an intervention to collect final data for the primary outcome measure. Whether the clinical study ended according to the protocol or was terminated does not affect this date. For clinical studies with more than one primary outcome measure with different completion dates, this term refers to the date on which data collection is completed for all the primary outcome measures. The "anticipated" primary completion date is the date that the researchers think will be the primary completion date for the study.
July 29, 2022

Study Completion (Actual)

Study Completion

The date on which the last participant in a clinical study was examined or received an intervention/treatment to collect final data for the primary outcome measures, secondary outcome measures, and adverse events (that is, the last participant's last visit). The "anticipated" study completion date is the date that the researchers think will be the study completion date.
July 29, 2022

Study Registration Dates

First Submitted

First Submitted

The date on which the study sponsor or investigator first submitted a study record to ClinicalTrials.gov. There is typically a delay of a few days between the first submitted date and the record's availability on ClinicalTrials.gov (the first posted date).
December 18, 2019

First Submitted That Met QC Criteria

First Submitted That Met QC Criteria

The date on which the study sponsor or investigator first submits a study record that is consistent with National Library of Medicine (NLM) quality control (QC) review criteria. The sponsor or investigator may need to revise and submit a study record one or more times before NLM's QC review criteria are met. It is the responsibility of the sponsor or investigator to ensure that the study record is consistent with the NLM QC review criteria.
December 19, 2019

First Posted (Actual)

First Posted

The date on which the study record was first available on ClinicalTrials.gov after National Library of Medicine (NLM) quality control (QC) review has concluded. There is typically a delay of a few days between the date the study sponsor or investigator submitted the study record and the first posted date.
December 23, 2019

Study Record Updates

Last Update Posted (Actual)

Last Update Posted

The most recent date on which changes to a study record were made available on ClinicalTrials.gov. There may be a delay between when the changes were submitted to ClinicalTrials.gov by the study's sponsor or investigator (the last update submitted date) and the last update posted date.
January 27, 2026

Last Update Submitted That Met QC Criteria

Last Update Submitted That Met QC Criteria

The most recent date on which the study sponsor or investigator submitted changes to a study record that are consistent with National Library of Medicine (NLM) quality control (QC) review criteria. It is the responsibility of the sponsor or investigator to ensure that the study record is consistent with the NLM QC review criteria.
January 24, 2026

Last Verified

Last Verified

The most recent date on which the study sponsor or investigator confirmed the information about a clinical study on ClinicalTrials.gov as accurate and current. If a study with a recruitment status of recruiting; not yet recruiting; or active, not recruiting has not been confirmed within the past 2 years, the study's recruitment status is shown as unknown.
January 1, 2026

More Information

Terms related to this study

Additional Relevant MeSH Terms

Other Study ID Numbers

Other Study ID Numbers

Identifiers or ID numbers other than the NCT number that are assigned to a clinical study by the study's sponsor, funders, or others. These numbers may include unique identifiers from other trial registries and National Institutes of Health grant numbers.
  • Erosion-Smoking
  • 15/10/19 (Other Identifier: Local Ethics Commission)
  • 02785 (Other Identifier: UMG study center)

Plan for Individual participant data (IPD)

Plan to Share Individual Participant Data (IPD)?

NO

Drug and device information, study documents

Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated drug product

No

Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated device product

No

This information was retrieved directly from the website clinicaltrials.gov without any changes. If you have any requests to change, remove or update your study details, please contact register@clinicaltrials.gov. As soon as a change is implemented on clinicaltrials.gov, this will be updated automatically on our website as well.

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