Composition of Meals Around Exercise Session

July 30, 2023 updated by: Dr Dalia Malkova, University of Glasgow

The Effect of Macronutrient Composition of Meals Consumed Around a Single Exercise Session of Subjective Appetite, Appetite Hormones and Daily Energy Intake in Overweight Men

This will be a randomised cross-over study where participants will be asked to undergo screening session followed by submaximal exercise test and then undergo 2 experimental trials, one high CHO trial and another high fat trial, each lasting over 2 days. On Day 1 participants will consume either high CHO or high fat evening meal and on Day 2 they will be exercising for 60 minutes in the fasted state and then consume either high CHO or high fat morning meal and then 5 hours after morning meal ad libitum buffet meal. After this, they will leave metabolic investigation room and will record all food and drinks consumed during the rest of the day. The washout period between the trials will be at least 7 days. Prior to each of the experimental trials, participants will be asked to avoid consumption of coffee and alcohol for the duration of 2 days. All data collection will all take place in the metabolic research unit at New Lister Building (NLB), Glasgow Royal infirmary (GRI).

Study Overview

Status

Status

Indicates the current recruitment status or the expanded access status.
Completed

Conditions

Conditions

The disease, disorder, syndrome, illness, or injury that is being studied. On ClinicalTrials.gov, conditions may also include other health-related issues, such as lifespan, quality of life, and health risks.

Intervention / Treatment

Intervention / Treatment

A process or action that is the focus of a clinical study. Interventions include drugs, medical devices, procedures, vaccines, and other products that are either investigational or already available. Interventions can also include noninvasive approaches, such as education or modifying diet and exercise.

Detailed Description

The researcher will enrol eligible participants by means of an advertisement leaflet and word of mouth in the campus of the University of Glasgow and other major public areas. Those who show interest about the study will be contacted by the researcher who will explain the study in detail and will give them a copy of the participant information leaflet. If the participant is happy to participate, he will sign an informed consent form and privacy notes. Only participants with stable body weight for at least 3 months will be recruited and we will exclude those who are on positive or negative energy balance (recent weight gain or loss, ±2 kg the past month).

As part of the screening process, each participant will be asked to fill in Physical Activity Readiness Questionnaire (PARQ) and Health Screening Questionnaire. Only those who answered "no" to all questions in PARQ and were in generally good health will carry on with other aspects of the study. These questionnaires will be completed during screening session, which will take place at NLB, GRI. Height and body weigh will be measured at the screening session. Only those with BMI between 25.0-30 kg/m2 will be invited to participate. Smokers will not be recruited. It will be explained that their participation is voluntary, that they may withdraw at any point if they wish, and that the data collected will be anonymised. We will thank those subjects who have expressed an interest about the study but do not qualify and we will explain to them why they need to be excluded. Those who are eligible to participate will be enrolled in the trial which will last for 4 weeks and we will measure their height and weight.

Main Experimental Trials:

The experimental trials will last over 2 days. On day 1 Participants will consume provided dinner and on Day2 attend the metabolic research unit at New Lister Building of the Royal Infirmary in the fasted state at approximately 09:00 am. An intravenous cannula will be placed by a trained phlebotomist upon arrival. This will be used to draw blood samples throughout trial. After the collection of the first blood sample, the participant will walk on the treadmill at speed and grade corresponding to 55% of their maximal oxygen consumption. During exercise, participants will be wearing a heart rate monitor and a face mask connected to indirect calorimetry equipment to allow measurements of fat and CHO oxidation Ratings of perceived exertion will be recorded at every 10 minutes. Following exercise, participants will rest for 60 minutes and then either high CHO or high fat morning meal will be provided. Further blood samples will be collected for the duration of 5-hours; in total no more than 70 ml of blood will be taken during each of the trials. Following the last blood sample collection, participants will eat from ad libitum buffet and then leave laboratory and during the rest of the day will be recording all food and drink consumed.

Meal On day 1 dinner meal will provided with either high carbohydrate or high fat meal which contains 35% of participants total daily energy intakes. In high CHO trial, meal will consist of pasta, meat ball and orange juice. In high fat trial, meals will be based on burger, cheese, mushroom, nuts, and butter. On the day 2 and after 60 minutes exercise, participants will consume morning meal, providing 30% of their total daily energy intake. In high fat trial, morning meals will be based on white bread, peanut butter, nuts, and olives. In high CHO trial, meal will consist of oats, skimmed milk, banana and seedless raisins.

Exercise Tests Participants will conduct a submaximal exercise test to estimate their maximal oxygen consumption (V̇O2 max), a marker of cardiorespiratory fitness. During the main experimental trials, participants will undergo a 60-minute walking exercise at a predetermined work rate corresponding to 55% of their predicted V̇O2 max. Both exercise sessions will be conducted on a treadmill and will be at intensity below 85% of maximal HR. Heart rate and ratings of perceived exertion will be recorded throughout the test via a heart rate monitor.

Preparation for experimental trials Participants will be asked to record dietary intake for 2 days prior to the first experimental trial and will be asked to replicate this in the 2 days prior to the second experimental trial. Prior to both experimental trials participants will be asked to avoid consumption of coffee and alcohol for the duration of 3 days.

Study Type

Study Type

Describes the nature of a clinical study. Study types include interventional studies (also called clinical trials), observational studies (including patient registries), and expanded access.
Interventional

Enrollment (Actual)

Enrollment

The number of participants in a clinical study. The "anticipated" enrollment is the target number of participants that the researchers need for the study.
14

Phase

Phase

The stage of a clinical trial studying a drug or biological product, based on definitions developed by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA). The phase is based on the study's objective, the number of participants, and other characteristics. There are five phases: Early Phase 1 (formerly listed as Phase 0), Phase 1, Phase 2, Phase 3, and Phase 4. Not Applicable is used to describe trials without FDA-defined phases, including trials of devices or behavioral interventions.
  • Not Applicable

Contacts and Locations

This section provides the contact details for those conducting the study, and information on where this study is being conducted.

Study Contact

Study Contact

The name and contact information for the person who can answer enrollment questions for a clinical study. Each location where the study is being conducted may also have a specific contact, who may be better able to answer those questions.

Study Contact Backup

Study Locations

  • United Kingdom
      • Glasgow, United Kingdom, G31 2ER
        • Human Nutrition, College of Medicine, Veterinary and Life Science

Participation Criteria

Researchers look for people who fit a certain description, called eligibility criteria. Some examples of these criteria are a person's general health condition or prior treatments.

Eligibility Criteria

Eligibility Criteria

The key requirements that people who want to participate in a clinical study must meet or the characteristics they must have. Eligibility criteria consist of both inclusion criteria (which are required for a person to participate in the study) and exclusion criteria (which prevent a person from participating). Types of eligibility criteria include whether a study accepts healthy volunteers, has age or age group requirements, or is limited by sex.

Ages Eligible for Study

25 years to 35 years (Adult)

Accepts Healthy Volunteers

Yes

Description

Inclusion Criteria:

  • Healthy sedentary males aged between 25-35 years with body mass index (BMI) 25- 30 kg/m2
  • participants with stable body weight for at least 3 months.

Exclusion Criteria:

  • Smokers, suffering from food allergy, on any dietary supplements or dietary regimes at the time of the study
  • Participants with systolic/diastolic <90/60 mmHg and >140/90 mmHg or with history of chronic illness.

Study Plan

This section provides details of the study plan, including how the study is designed and what the study is measuring.

How is the study designed?

Design Details

  • Primary Purpose: Basic Science
  • Allocation: Randomized
  • Interventional Model: Crossover Assignment
  • Masking: None (Open Label)

Arms and Interventions

Participant Group / Arm

Participant Group / Arm

A group or subgroup of participants in a clinical trial that receives a specific intervention/treatment, or no intervention, according to the trial's protocol.
Intervention / Treatment

Intervention / Treatment

A process or action that is the focus of a clinical study. Interventions include drugs, medical devices, procedures, vaccines, and other products that are either investigational or already available. Interventions can also include noninvasive approaches, such as education or modifying diet and exercise.
Experimental: High Carbohydrate Meals Around Exercise
On day 1, high CHO dinner meal will provide 35% of participants total daily energy requirements. Meal will consist of pasta, meat ball and orange juice. On the day 2, participants will exercise for 60 minutes and then in 60 minutes will consume morning meal, providing 30% of their total daily energy requirements. Morning meal will consist of oats, skimmed-milk, banana and seedless raisins.
Other: HCHO meals and exercise
Exercise will be conducted after high carbohydrate dinner and prior to high carbohydrate breakfast
Other Names:
  • High carbohydrate meals and exercise
Experimental: Low Carbohydrate Meals Around Exercise
On day 1, low CHO dinner meal will provide 35% of participants total daily energy requirements. Meal will based on burger, cheese, mushroom, nuts, and butter.On the day 2, participants will exercise fro 60 minutes and then in 60 will consume morning meal, providing 30% of their total daily energy requirements. Meal will consist of white bread, egg, cheese, olive oil, nuts, and olives.
Other: LCHO meals and exercise
Exercise will be conducted after high fat dinner and prior to high fat breakfast
Other Names:
  • Low Carbohydrate and exercise Intervention

What is the study measuring?

Primary Outcome Measures

Primary Outcome Measures

In a clinical study's protocol, the planned outcome measure that is the most important for evaluating the effect of an intervention/treatment. Most clinical studies have one primary outcome measure, but some have more than one.
Outcome Measure
Measure Description
Time Frame
Appetite Hormones: Glucagon like peptide (GLP-1)
Time Frame: 420 minutes through study completion, an average of 10 days
Plasma concentration during HCHO and LCHO trials
420 minutes through study completion, an average of 10 days
Appetite Hormone: Peptide YY (PYY)
Time Frame: 420 minutes through study completion, an average of 10 days
Plasma concentration during HCHO and LCHO trials
420 minutes through study completion, an average of 10 days
Growth Differentiation Factor-15 (GDF 15)
Time Frame: 420 minutes through study completion, an average of 10 days
Plasma concentration during HCHO and LCHO trials
420 minutes through study completion, an average of 10 days

Secondary Outcome Measures

Secondary Outcome Measures

In a clinical study's protocol, a planned outcome measure that is not as important as the primary outcome measure for evaluating the effect of an intervention but is still of interest. Most clinical studies have more than one secondary outcome measure.
Outcome Measure
Measure Description
Time Frame
Insulin
Time Frame: 420 minutes through study completion, an average of 10 days
Plasma concentration during HCHO and LCHO trials
420 minutes through study completion, an average of 10 days
Glucose
Time Frame: 420 minutes through study completion, an average of 10 days
Plasma concentration during HCHO and LCHO trials
420 minutes through study completion, an average of 10 days
Triglycerides
Time Frame: 420 minutes through study completion, an average of 10 days
Plasma concentration during HCHO and LCHO trials
420 minutes through study completion, an average of 10 days
Subjective appetite scores
Time Frame: 420 minutes through study completion, an average of 10 days
Appetite scores during HCHO and LCHO trials will be assessed using a 100-mm Visual Analog Scale, with 0 mm meaning one and 100 mm another extreme of hunger, desire to eat, fullness, prospective food consumption, and satiety.
420 minutes through study completion, an average of 10 days
Diet induced thermogenesis
Time Frame: 420 minutes through study completion, an average of 10 days
Metabolic rate measured during HCHO and LCHO trials by means of indirect calorimetry
420 minutes through study completion, an average of 10 days
Dietary intake
Time Frame: 24 hr through study completion, an average of 10 days
Energy and macronutrient intake during HCHO and LCHO trial will analyses using WinDiets software based on food composition tables.
24 hr through study completion, an average of 10 days
Energy substrate oxidation
Time Frame: 420 minutes through study completion, an average of 10 days
Rate of carbohydrate and fat oxidation during HCHO and LCHO trials by means of indirect calorimetry
420 minutes through study completion, an average of 10 days

Collaborators and Investigators

This is where you will find people and organizations involved with this study.

Sponsor

Sponsor

The organization or person who initiates the study and who has authority and control over the study.
University of Glasgow

Investigators

Investigators

A researcher involved in a clinical study. Related terms include site principal investigator, site sub-investigator, study chair, study director, and study principal investigator.
  • Study Chair: Dalia Malkova, PhD, University of Glasgow

Study record dates

These dates track the progress of study record and summary results submissions to ClinicalTrials.gov. Study records and reported results are reviewed by the National Library of Medicine (NLM) to make sure they meet specific quality control standards before being posted on the public website.

Study Major Dates

Study Start (Actual)

Study Start

The actual date on which the first participant was enrolled in a clinical study. The "anticipated" study start date is the date that the researchers think will be the study start date.
April 23, 2019

Primary Completion (Actual)

Primary Completion

The date on which the last participant in a clinical study was examined or received an intervention to collect final data for the primary outcome measure. Whether the clinical study ended according to the protocol or was terminated does not affect this date. For clinical studies with more than one primary outcome measure with different completion dates, this term refers to the date on which data collection is completed for all the primary outcome measures. The "anticipated" primary completion date is the date that the researchers think will be the primary completion date for the study.
June 2, 2022

Study Completion (Actual)

Study Completion

The date on which the last participant in a clinical study was examined or received an intervention/treatment to collect final data for the primary outcome measures, secondary outcome measures, and adverse events (that is, the last participant's last visit). The "anticipated" study completion date is the date that the researchers think will be the study completion date.
August 5, 2022

Study Registration Dates

First Submitted

First Submitted

The date on which the study sponsor or investigator first submitted a study record to ClinicalTrials.gov. There is typically a delay of a few days between the first submitted date and the record's availability on ClinicalTrials.gov (the first posted date).
November 1, 2019

First Submitted That Met QC Criteria

First Submitted That Met QC Criteria

The date on which the study sponsor or investigator first submits a study record that is consistent with National Library of Medicine (NLM) quality control (QC) review criteria. The sponsor or investigator may need to revise and submit a study record one or more times before NLM's QC review criteria are met. It is the responsibility of the sponsor or investigator to ensure that the study record is consistent with the NLM QC review criteria.
January 29, 2020

First Posted (Actual)

First Posted

The date on which the study record was first available on ClinicalTrials.gov after National Library of Medicine (NLM) quality control (QC) review has concluded. There is typically a delay of a few days between the date the study sponsor or investigator submitted the study record and the first posted date.
January 31, 2020

Study Record Updates

Last Update Posted (Actual)

Last Update Posted

The most recent date on which changes to a study record were made available on ClinicalTrials.gov. There may be a delay between when the changes were submitted to ClinicalTrials.gov by the study's sponsor or investigator (the last update submitted date) and the last update posted date.
August 1, 2023

Last Update Submitted That Met QC Criteria

Last Update Submitted That Met QC Criteria

The most recent date on which the study sponsor or investigator submitted changes to a study record that are consistent with National Library of Medicine (NLM) quality control (QC) review criteria. It is the responsibility of the sponsor or investigator to ensure that the study record is consistent with the NLM QC review criteria.
July 30, 2023

Last Verified

Last Verified

The most recent date on which the study sponsor or investigator confirmed the information about a clinical study on ClinicalTrials.gov as accurate and current. If a study with a recruitment status of recruiting; not yet recruiting; or active, not recruiting has not been confirmed within the past 2 years, the study's recruitment status is shown as unknown.
July 1, 2023

More Information

Terms related to this study

Keywords

Other Study ID Numbers

Other Study ID Numbers

Identifiers or ID numbers other than the NCT number that are assigned to a clinical study by the study's sponsor, funders, or others. These numbers may include unique identifiers from other trial registries and National Institutes of Health grant numbers.
  • 200180122

Drug and device information, study documents

Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated drug product

No

Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated device product

No

This information was retrieved directly from the website clinicaltrials.gov without any changes. If you have any requests to change, remove or update your study details, please contact register@clinicaltrials.gov. As soon as a change is implemented on clinicaltrials.gov, this will be updated automatically on our website as well.

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