The Effect of Web-Based Education in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes

November 11, 2020 updated by: Nurten Terkes, Mehmet Akif Ersoy University

The Effect of Web-Based Education Program on Metabolic Control, Self-Care Activities, Self-Efficacy and Quality of Life in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes: A Randomized Controlled Trial

This research was designed as a randomized controlled study to develop a web-based training program and evaluate the program's impact on diabetes management. This research was carried out on 89 patients diagnosed with type 2 diabetes in the Department of Endocrinology and Metabolic Diseases of Akdeniz University. The preparation of the web page and its content has benefited from the latest literature, national and international websites, and expert opinions. Individuals in the survey scope have been stratified random method with as intervention group (n=44) and control group (n=45). Individuals who were taken in the initiative group were informed by web page, SMS, e-mail prepared for a period of three months. Personal information forms Metabolic Control Variable Form, Diabetes Self-Care Activities Questionnaire, Self-Efficacy Scale for Type 2 Diabetic Individuals, Diabetes-Specific Quality of Life Scale and Web Site Analysis and Measurement Inventory were used as the data tools. The informed consent was obtained from the patients and all data were collected by author during face-to-face interviews.

Study Overview

Status

Status

Indicates the current recruitment status or the expanded access status.
Completed

Conditions

Conditions

The disease, disorder, syndrome, illness, or injury that is being studied. On ClinicalTrials.gov, conditions may also include other health-related issues, such as lifespan, quality of life, and health risks.

Intervention / Treatment

Intervention / Treatment

A process or action that is the focus of a clinical study. Interventions include drugs, medical devices, procedures, vaccines, and other products that are either investigational or already available. Interventions can also include noninvasive approaches, such as education or modifying diet and exercise.

Study Type

Study Type

Describes the nature of a clinical study. Study types include interventional studies (also called clinical trials), observational studies (including patient registries), and expanded access.
Interventional

Enrollment (Actual)

Enrollment

The number of participants in a clinical study. The "anticipated" enrollment is the target number of participants that the researchers need for the study.
89

Phase

Phase

The stage of a clinical trial studying a drug or biological product, based on definitions developed by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA). The phase is based on the study's objective, the number of participants, and other characteristics. There are five phases: Early Phase 1 (formerly listed as Phase 0), Phase 1, Phase 2, Phase 3, and Phase 4. Not Applicable is used to describe trials without FDA-defined phases, including trials of devices or behavioral interventions.
  • Not Applicable

Participation Criteria

Researchers look for people who fit a certain description, called eligibility criteria. Some examples of these criteria are a person's general health condition or prior treatments.

Eligibility Criteria

Eligibility Criteria

The key requirements that people who want to participate in a clinical study must meet or the characteristics they must have. Eligibility criteria consist of both inclusion criteria (which are required for a person to participate in the study) and exclusion criteria (which prevent a person from participating). Types of eligibility criteria include whether a study accepts healthy volunteers, has age or age group requirements, or is limited by sex.

Ages Eligible for Study

18 years to 65 years (Adult, Older Adult)

Accepts Healthy Volunteers

Yes

Genders Eligible for Study

All

Description

Inclusion Criteria:

  • Between the ages of 18-65
  • Diagnosed with type 2 diabetes at least six months ago
  • Not have communication disabilities
  • Used insulin
  • Phone and internet connection

Exclusion Criteria:

  • Have a physical, cognitive or mental disability to answer questions

Study Plan

This section provides details of the study plan, including how the study is designed and what the study is measuring.

How is the study designed?

Design Details

  • Primary Purpose: Supportive Care
  • Allocation: Randomized
  • Interventional Model: Parallel Assignment
  • Masking: Single

Arms and Interventions

Participant Group / Arm

Participant Group / Arm

A group or subgroup of participants in a clinical trial that receives a specific intervention/treatment, or no intervention, according to the trial's protocol.
Intervention / Treatment

Intervention / Treatment

A process or action that is the focus of a clinical study. Interventions include drugs, medical devices, procedures, vaccines, and other products that are either investigational or already available. Interventions can also include noninvasive approaches, such as education or modifying diet and exercise.
Experimental: Control Group
The control group didn't apply any interference during the study. Participants in the control group continued their routine follow-up.
Other: Control Group
The control group didn't apply any interference during the study. Participants in the control group continued their routine follow-up.
Experimental: Intervention Group
After the pre-tests (Self-Care Activities, Self-Efficacy, Quality of Life) , the patients were given web based education and containing information and recommendations on self-management strategies for three months.
Other: Web-Based Education
Participants in the intervention group had unlimited access to the Web site, free of charge. The Web site was designed to run on personal computers and smartphones.

What is the study measuring?

Primary Outcome Measures

Primary Outcome Measures

In a clinical study's protocol, the planned outcome measure that is the most important for evaluating the effect of an intervention/treatment. Most clinical studies have one primary outcome measure, but some have more than one.
Outcome Measure
Measure Description
Time Frame
The Diabetes Self-Care Activities Questionnaire
Time Frame: 5 minute
The Diabetes Self-Care Activities Questionnaire was developed by Toobert and Glasgow to determine the self-care activities of individuals with diabetes. The Turkish validity and reliability of the questionnaire were conducted by Kav et al. (2010) and the total Cronbach alpha value was found 0.72. The tool contains 11 items, which measure the frequency of performing dia- betes self-care activities over the last seven days including diet, exercise, blood glucose testing, foot care and tobacco use. The scale total score ranges between 0-7. Higher scores indicate more self-care activities.
5 minute
Metabolic Control Variable Form
Time Frame: 5 minute
It is a 9-item information form that questions the participants' clinical measurements including height, weight, body mass index, blood pressure, and laboratory results including blood glucose, HbA1c, cholesterol, triglyceride, and microalbuminuria level.
5 minute
The Self-Efficacy Scale for Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus
Time Frame: 5 minute
The Self-Efficacy Scale for Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus was developed in 1999 by Van der Bijl et al. The Turkish validity and reliability of the scale were performed by Kara et al. (2006). The total Cronbach alpha value was found to be 0.88. The scale consists of 20 items in 5-point Likert type. Responses to the scale; "Yes, I'm sure" 5 points "No, I'm not sure" are evaluated as 1 point. The scale total score ranges between 20-100. High scores according to scale total scores indicate good self-efficacy.
5 minute
The Diabetes Quality of Life Scale
Time Frame: 5 minute
The Diabetes Quality of Life Scale was developed by Jacobson et al to evaluate the quality of life of individuals with diabetes (Jacobson, Groot, & Samson, 1994). The Turkish validity and reliability study of the scale was conducted by Yıldırım et al (2007). The total Cronbach alpha value of the scale was found to be 0.89. The scale total score ranges between 46-230. High scores according to scale total scores indicate good quality of life.
5 minute

Secondary Outcome Measures

Secondary Outcome Measures

In a clinical study's protocol, a planned outcome measure that is not as important as the primary outcome measure for evaluating the effect of an intervention but is still of interest. Most clinical studies have more than one secondary outcome measure.
Outcome Measure
Measure Description
Time Frame
Website Analysis and Measurement Inventory
Time Frame: 5 minute
The Website Analysis and Measurement Inventory is a scale based on software evaluation for usability and international software standards. WAMMI is used for the evaluation of websites in many areas. The inventory includes the sub-dimensions of attractiveness, controllability, efficiency, helpfulness, learnability, global usability. The scale total score ranges between 0-100. The scores on the WAMMI are given as percentages, higher percentages indicate higher usability.
5 minute

Collaborators and Investigators

This is where you will find people and organizations involved with this study.

Sponsor

Sponsor

The organization or person who initiates the study and who has authority and control over the study.
Mehmet Akif Ersoy University

Collaborators

Collaborators

An organization other than the sponsor that provides support for a clinical study. This support may include activities related to funding, design, implementation, data analysis, or reporting.
Akdeniz University

Investigators

Investigators

A researcher involved in a clinical study. Related terms include site principal investigator, site sub-investigator, study chair, study director, and study principal investigator.
  • Study Chair: Mustafa Kemal Balci, Proof, Akdeniz University Hospital

Publications and helpful links

The person responsible for entering information about the study voluntarily provides these publications. These may be about anything related to the study.

General Publications

Study record dates

These dates track the progress of study record and summary results submissions to ClinicalTrials.gov. Study records and reported results are reviewed by the National Library of Medicine (NLM) to make sure they meet specific quality control standards before being posted on the public website.

Study Major Dates

Study Start (Actual)

Study Start

The actual date on which the first participant was enrolled in a clinical study. The "anticipated" study start date is the date that the researchers think will be the study start date.
January 10, 2016

Primary Completion (Actual)

Primary Completion

The date on which the last participant in a clinical study was examined or received an intervention to collect final data for the primary outcome measure. Whether the clinical study ended according to the protocol or was terminated does not affect this date. For clinical studies with more than one primary outcome measure with different completion dates, this term refers to the date on which data collection is completed for all the primary outcome measures. The "anticipated" primary completion date is the date that the researchers think will be the primary completion date for the study.
February 15, 2017

Study Completion (Actual)

Study Completion

The date on which the last participant in a clinical study was examined or received an intervention/treatment to collect final data for the primary outcome measures, secondary outcome measures, and adverse events (that is, the last participant's last visit). The "anticipated" study completion date is the date that the researchers think will be the study completion date.
April 15, 2018

Study Registration Dates

First Submitted

First Submitted

The date on which the study sponsor or investigator first submitted a study record to ClinicalTrials.gov. There is typically a delay of a few days between the first submitted date and the record's availability on ClinicalTrials.gov (the first posted date).
November 6, 2020

First Submitted That Met QC Criteria

First Submitted That Met QC Criteria

The date on which the study sponsor or investigator first submits a study record that is consistent with National Library of Medicine (NLM) quality control (QC) review criteria. The sponsor or investigator may need to revise and submit a study record one or more times before NLM's QC review criteria are met. It is the responsibility of the sponsor or investigator to ensure that the study record is consistent with the NLM QC review criteria.
November 6, 2020

First Posted (Actual)

First Posted

The date on which the study record was first available on ClinicalTrials.gov after National Library of Medicine (NLM) quality control (QC) review has concluded. There is typically a delay of a few days between the date the study sponsor or investigator submitted the study record and the first posted date.
November 12, 2020

Study Record Updates

Last Update Posted (Actual)

Last Update Posted

The most recent date on which changes to a study record were made available on ClinicalTrials.gov. There may be a delay between when the changes were submitted to ClinicalTrials.gov by the study's sponsor or investigator (the last update submitted date) and the last update posted date.
November 13, 2020

Last Update Submitted That Met QC Criteria

Last Update Submitted That Met QC Criteria

The most recent date on which the study sponsor or investigator submitted changes to a study record that are consistent with National Library of Medicine (NLM) quality control (QC) review criteria. It is the responsibility of the sponsor or investigator to ensure that the study record is consistent with the NLM QC review criteria.
November 11, 2020

Last Verified

Last Verified

The most recent date on which the study sponsor or investigator confirmed the information about a clinical study on ClinicalTrials.gov as accurate and current. If a study with a recruitment status of recruiting; not yet recruiting; or active, not recruiting has not been confirmed within the past 2 years, the study's recruitment status is shown as unknown.
November 1, 2020

More Information

Terms related to this study

Keywords

Additional Relevant MeSH Terms

Other Study ID Numbers

Other Study ID Numbers

Identifiers or ID numbers other than the NCT number that are assigned to a clinical study by the study's sponsor, funders, or others. These numbers may include unique identifiers from other trial registries and National Institutes of Health grant numbers.
  • MAKU

Plan for Individual participant data (IPD)

Plan to Share Individual Participant Data (IPD)?

NO

IPD Plan Description

All authors contributed to the interpretation, writing, and approval of the final manuscript.

Drug and device information, study documents

Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated drug product

No

Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated device product

No

This information was retrieved directly from the website clinicaltrials.gov without any changes. If you have any requests to change, remove or update your study details, please contact register@clinicaltrials.gov. As soon as a change is implemented on clinicaltrials.gov, this will be updated automatically on our website as well.

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