Video-assisted Thoracoscopic Surgery - Exparel Study

April 15, 2026 updated by: Nada Sadek

Analgesia for Video-assisted Thoracoscopic Surgeries: A Comparison Between Intercostal Blocks With Liposomal Bupivacaine and Paravertebral Blocks With Plain Bupivacaine

Video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery (VATS) greatly decreased the number and types of surgery that required open thoracotomy. Initially it was thought that VATS would lead to a reduction of respiratory problems and less acute pain in patients when compared to patients receiving an open thoracic surgery. However, for reasons not clearly understood, a large number of patients who undergo VATS still experience moderate to severe post-surgical pain. Physicians are still faced with the challenge of providing care that will manage both the respiratory issues as well as manage acute pain. The goal of this study is to find the most suitable regimen to effectively manage post-VATS-related pain.

Study Overview

Status

Status

Indicates the current recruitment status or the expanded access status.
Completed

Conditions

Conditions

The disease, disorder, syndrome, illness, or injury that is being studied. On ClinicalTrials.gov, conditions may also include other health-related issues, such as lifespan, quality of life, and health risks.

Intervention / Treatment

Intervention / Treatment

A process or action that is the focus of a clinical study. Interventions include drugs, medical devices, procedures, vaccines, and other products that are either investigational or already available. Interventions can also include noninvasive approaches, such as education or modifying diet and exercise.

Detailed Description

The "promise" was that video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery (VATS) would be associated with less severe pulmonary impairment and less acute post-operative pain compared to open thoracotomy. However, VATS can cause moderate to severe post-operative pain in a significant number of patients and the reason for this is not well understood. In addition it has been found that post-surgical pain can be a strong predictor for the development of chronic pain. Inadequate control of acute pain not only causes serious discomfort and significant respiratory problems, but it may place this population of patients at greater risk of chronic pain and prescription opioid dependence.

Current protocols to manage and/or reduce VATS associated pain include combining the use of regional anesthesia techniques with opioid and non-opioid analgesics. Recent studies have investigated the efficacy of intercostal blocks using liposomal bupivacaine after thoracic surgery. However, these studies lacked an active comparator population of patients.

The study is designed as a prospective randomized study evaluating intercostal blocks using liposomal bupivacaine. The control population of patients will be treated with a paravertebral block using plain bupivacaine.

Study Type

Study Type

Describes the nature of a clinical study. Study types include interventional studies (also called clinical trials), observational studies (including patient registries), and expanded access.
Interventional

Enrollment (Actual)

Enrollment

The number of participants in a clinical study. The "anticipated" enrollment is the target number of participants that the researchers need for the study.
176

Phase

Phase

The stage of a clinical trial studying a drug or biological product, based on definitions developed by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA). The phase is based on the study's objective, the number of participants, and other characteristics. There are five phases: Early Phase 1 (formerly listed as Phase 0), Phase 1, Phase 2, Phase 3, and Phase 4. Not Applicable is used to describe trials without FDA-defined phases, including trials of devices or behavioral interventions.
  • Phase 2

Contacts and Locations

This section provides the contact details for those conducting the study, and information on where this study is being conducted.

Study Contact

Study Contact

The name and contact information for the person who can answer enrollment questions for a clinical study. Each location where the study is being conducted may also have a specific contact, who may be better able to answer those questions.

Study Contact Backup

Study Locations

  • United States
    • Iowa
      • Iowa City, Iowa, United States, 52242
        • University of Iowa

Participation Criteria

Researchers look for people who fit a certain description, called eligibility criteria. Some examples of these criteria are a person's general health condition or prior treatments.

Eligibility Criteria

Eligibility Criteria

The key requirements that people who want to participate in a clinical study must meet or the characteristics they must have. Eligibility criteria consist of both inclusion criteria (which are required for a person to participate in the study) and exclusion criteria (which prevent a person from participating). Types of eligibility criteria include whether a study accepts healthy volunteers, has age or age group requirements, or is limited by sex.

Ages Eligible for Study

14 years to 76 years (Adult, Older Adult)

Accepts Healthy Volunteers

No

Description

Inclusion Criteria:

  • Age over 18 years and less than 80 years
  • Undergoing video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery (VATS) procedure
  • BMI less than 40

Exclusion Criteria:

  • Unable to provide informed consent
  • Non-English speaking
  • Pregnant
  • BMI greater than 40
  • Video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery pleurodesis subjects
  • Patients with pre-existing chronic pain
  • Opioid tolerance
  • Pain syndromes including fibromyalgia, regional pain syndrome or post therapeutic neuralgia in a thoracic distribution
  • Allergy to the study medication
  • Patients with infectious disease
  • Patients with impaired coagulation
  • Severe hepatic disease
  • Incarcerated

Study Plan

This section provides details of the study plan, including how the study is designed and what the study is measuring.

How is the study designed?

Design Details

  • Primary Purpose: Treatment
  • Allocation: Randomized
  • Interventional Model: Parallel Assignment
  • Masking: Single

Arms and Interventions

Participant Group / Arm

Participant Group / Arm

A group or subgroup of participants in a clinical trial that receives a specific intervention/treatment, or no intervention, according to the trial's protocol.
Intervention / Treatment

Intervention / Treatment

A process or action that is the focus of a clinical study. Interventions include drugs, medical devices, procedures, vaccines, and other products that are either investigational or already available. Interventions can also include noninvasive approaches, such as education or modifying diet and exercise.
Experimental: Liposomal bupivacaine
The patient will receive an intercostal nerve block by the surgeon in the operating room after anesthetic has been administered. The surgeon will use thoracoscopic guidance to administer the intercostal nerve block. The medication used in this block will liposomal bupivacaine (Exparel).
Drug: Liposomal bupivacaine
Surgeons will perform an intercostal nerve block in the operating room under thoracoscopic guidance while the patient is asleep under anesthesia. This intervention (block) is one of the standards of care but the medication (liposomal bupivacaine) currently is not FDA approved for this type of block.
Active Comparator: Bupivacaine
The patient will receive a paravertebral block by the anesthesiologist staffing the pain service area within the hospital prior to surgery. This regional anesthesia will be done using ultrasound guidance. The medication used in this block will be plain bupivacaine with epinephrine.
Drug: Bupivacaine
An anesthesiologist trained in regional anesthesia will perform a paravertebral block in the hospital's pain service unit. This intervention is standard of care and will use plain bupivacaine with epinephrine as the medication

What is the study measuring?

Primary Outcome Measures

Primary Outcome Measures

In a clinical study's protocol, the planned outcome measure that is the most important for evaluating the effect of an intervention/treatment. Most clinical studies have one primary outcome measure, but some have more than one.
Outcome Measure
Measure Description
Time Frame
Number of Subjects With Post-operative Opioid Usage
Time Frame: Up to 48 hours post procedure
The number of subjects who utilized opioid medications in the first 48 hours after surgery
Up to 48 hours post procedure

Secondary Outcome Measures

Secondary Outcome Measures

In a clinical study's protocol, a planned outcome measure that is not as important as the primary outcome measure for evaluating the effect of an intervention but is still of interest. Most clinical studies have more than one secondary outcome measure.
Outcome Measure
Measure Description
Time Frame
Measure Lung Function
Time Frame: Up to 24 hours post procedure
Using an incentive spirometer device, the amount of air volume inhaled and exhaled by the lungs post VATS procedure. The subject will be asked to do 3 attempts in succession and the number recorded will be the average of the 3 attempts. The air volume inhaled is measured on a scale from near 0 to 2500 milliliters with the low number indicating little air movement whereas 2500 milliliters indicates good air flow. These results will be compared to the volume determined at baseline prior to surgery.
Up to 24 hours post procedure
Measure Post-operative Opioid Consumption Following Discharge From the Hospital
Time Frame: Up to 6 months post procedure.
Patients will be asked to keep a pain medication diary to record their use of opioid and non-opioid medications for pain control.
Up to 6 months post procedure.
Post-operative Numerical Rating Scores After Discharge From the Hospital
Time Frame: Up to 6 months post procedure.
Using a numerical rating scale, patients will be asked to report their pain level. The scale is from 0 to 10 with 0 being no pain and 10 representing the most intense pain. The goal for measuring after acute hospitalization is to determine if the patient is experiencing the onset of chronic pain.
Up to 6 months post procedure.
Post-operative Acute Pain Numerical Rating Scores
Time Frame: Up to 24 hours post procedure
Using a numerical rating scale (0-10), patients will be asked to report their pain level. The scale is from 0 to 10 with 0 being no pain and 10 representing the most intense pain.
Up to 24 hours post procedure

Collaborators and Investigators

This is where you will find people and organizations involved with this study.

Sponsor

Sponsor

The organization or person who initiates the study and who has authority and control over the study.
Nada Sadek

Collaborators

Collaborators

An organization other than the sponsor that provides support for a clinical study. This support may include activities related to funding, design, implementation, data analysis, or reporting.
American Society of Regional Anesthesia

Investigators

Investigators

A researcher involved in a clinical study. Related terms include site principal investigator, site sub-investigator, study chair, study director, and study principal investigator.
  • Principal Investigator: Nada Sadek, MD, University of Iowa

Publications and helpful links

The person responsible for entering information about the study voluntarily provides these publications. These may be about anything related to the study.

General Publications

Helpful Links

Study record dates

These dates track the progress of study record and summary results submissions to ClinicalTrials.gov. Study records and reported results are reviewed by the National Library of Medicine (NLM) to make sure they meet specific quality control standards before being posted on the public website.

Study Major Dates

Study Start (Actual)

Study Start

The actual date on which the first participant was enrolled in a clinical study. The "anticipated" study start date is the date that the researchers think will be the study start date.
February 2, 2021

Primary Completion (Actual)

Primary Completion

The date on which the last participant in a clinical study was examined or received an intervention to collect final data for the primary outcome measure. Whether the clinical study ended according to the protocol or was terminated does not affect this date. For clinical studies with more than one primary outcome measure with different completion dates, this term refers to the date on which data collection is completed for all the primary outcome measures. The "anticipated" primary completion date is the date that the researchers think will be the primary completion date for the study.
August 1, 2024

Study Completion (Actual)

Study Completion

The date on which the last participant in a clinical study was examined or received an intervention/treatment to collect final data for the primary outcome measures, secondary outcome measures, and adverse events (that is, the last participant's last visit). The "anticipated" study completion date is the date that the researchers think will be the study completion date.
January 30, 2025

Study Registration Dates

First Submitted

First Submitted

The date on which the study sponsor or investigator first submitted a study record to ClinicalTrials.gov. There is typically a delay of a few days between the first submitted date and the record's availability on ClinicalTrials.gov (the first posted date).
February 22, 2021

First Submitted That Met QC Criteria

First Submitted That Met QC Criteria

The date on which the study sponsor or investigator first submits a study record that is consistent with National Library of Medicine (NLM) quality control (QC) review criteria. The sponsor or investigator may need to revise and submit a study record one or more times before NLM's QC review criteria are met. It is the responsibility of the sponsor or investigator to ensure that the study record is consistent with the NLM QC review criteria.
April 27, 2021

First Posted (Actual)

First Posted

The date on which the study record was first available on ClinicalTrials.gov after National Library of Medicine (NLM) quality control (QC) review has concluded. There is typically a delay of a few days between the date the study sponsor or investigator submitted the study record and the first posted date.
April 28, 2021

Study Record Updates

Last Update Posted (Actual)

Last Update Posted

The most recent date on which changes to a study record were made available on ClinicalTrials.gov. There may be a delay between when the changes were submitted to ClinicalTrials.gov by the study's sponsor or investigator (the last update submitted date) and the last update posted date.
May 6, 2026

Last Update Submitted That Met QC Criteria

Last Update Submitted That Met QC Criteria

The most recent date on which the study sponsor or investigator submitted changes to a study record that are consistent with National Library of Medicine (NLM) quality control (QC) review criteria. It is the responsibility of the sponsor or investigator to ensure that the study record is consistent with the NLM QC review criteria.
April 15, 2026

Last Verified

Last Verified

The most recent date on which the study sponsor or investigator confirmed the information about a clinical study on ClinicalTrials.gov as accurate and current. If a study with a recruitment status of recruiting; not yet recruiting; or active, not recruiting has not been confirmed within the past 2 years, the study's recruitment status is shown as unknown.
April 1, 2026

More Information

Terms related to this study

Keywords

Additional Relevant MeSH Terms

Other Study ID Numbers

Other Study ID Numbers

Identifiers or ID numbers other than the NCT number that are assigned to a clinical study by the study's sponsor, funders, or others. These numbers may include unique identifiers from other trial registries and National Institutes of Health grant numbers.
  • 201901777

Plan for Individual participant data (IPD)

Plan to Share Individual Participant Data (IPD)?

YES

IPD Plan Description

All of the individual participant data (IPD) collected during the trial, after deidentification will be shared with researchers who provide a methodologically sound proposal, to achieve aims in the approved proposal. IPD will be available for sharing immediately after publication and ending 5 years following article publication.

IPD Sharing Time Frame

IPD will be available for sharing immediately after publication and ending 5 years following article publication.

IPD Sharing Access Criteria

IPD will be accessible to researchers who provide a methodologically sound proposal, to achieve aims in the approved proposal.

IPD Sharing Supporting Information Type

  • STUDY_PROTOCOL
  • ICF

Drug and device information, study documents

Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated drug product

Yes

Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated device product

No

product manufactured in and exported from the U.S.

Yes

This information was retrieved directly from the website clinicaltrials.gov without any changes. If you have any requests to change, remove or update your study details, please contact register@clinicaltrials.gov. As soon as a change is implemented on clinicaltrials.gov, this will be updated automatically on our website as well.

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