Focusing on Body Functionality After Bariatric Surgery

May 6, 2021 updated by: Jessica Alleva, Maastricht University

Does Focusing on Body Functionality Improve Body Image Among Women Who Have Undergone Bariatric Surgery?

This study investigated whether focusing on one's body functionality (i.e., everything the body can do, rather than how it looks) would lead to improvements in body image, self-esteem, and self-kindness among women who have undergone bariatric surgery.

Study Overview

Status

Status

Indicates the current recruitment status or the expanded access status.
Completed

Conditions

Conditions

The disease, disorder, syndrome, illness, or injury that is being studied. On ClinicalTrials.gov, conditions may also include other health-related issues, such as lifespan, quality of life, and health risks.

Intervention / Treatment

Intervention / Treatment

A process or action that is the focus of a clinical study. Interventions include drugs, medical devices, procedures, vaccines, and other products that are either investigational or already available. Interventions can also include noninvasive approaches, such as education or modifying diet and exercise.

Study Type

Study Type

Describes the nature of a clinical study. Study types include interventional studies (also called clinical trials), observational studies (including patient registries), and expanded access.
Interventional

Enrollment (Actual)

Enrollment

The number of participants in a clinical study. The "anticipated" enrollment is the target number of participants that the researchers need for the study.
103

Phase

Phase

The stage of a clinical trial studying a drug or biological product, based on definitions developed by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA). The phase is based on the study's objective, the number of participants, and other characteristics. There are five phases: Early Phase 1 (formerly listed as Phase 0), Phase 1, Phase 2, Phase 3, and Phase 4. Not Applicable is used to describe trials without FDA-defined phases, including trials of devices or behavioral interventions.
  • Not Applicable

Contacts and Locations

This section provides the contact details for those conducting the study, and information on where this study is being conducted.

Study Locations

  • Netherlands
    • Limburg
      • Maastricht, Limburg, Netherlands, 6200MD
        • Maastricht University
    • Utrecht
      • Huis ter heide, Utrecht, Netherlands, 3712BA
        • Nederlandse Obesitas Kliniek

Participation Criteria

Researchers look for people who fit a certain description, called eligibility criteria. Some examples of these criteria are a person's general health condition or prior treatments.

Eligibility Criteria

Eligibility Criteria

The key requirements that people who want to participate in a clinical study must meet or the characteristics they must have. Eligibility criteria consist of both inclusion criteria (which are required for a person to participate in the study) and exclusion criteria (which prevent a person from participating). Types of eligibility criteria include whether a study accepts healthy volunteers, has age or age group requirements, or is limited by sex.

Ages Eligible for Study

18 years to 65 years (Adult, Older Adult)

Accepts Healthy Volunteers

No

Genders Eligible for Study

Female

Description

Inclusion Criteria:

  • Identifying as female, being between 18 and 65 years old, having undergone bariatric surgery 5-7 months prior to the study, and qualifying for standard aftercare at the Nederlandse Obesitas Kliniek (NOK; Dutch Obesity Clinic).

Exclusion Criteria:

  • N/A

Study Plan

This section provides details of the study plan, including how the study is designed and what the study is measuring.

How is the study designed?

Design Details

  • Primary Purpose: Other
  • Allocation: Randomized
  • Interventional Model: Parallel Assignment
  • Masking: Single

Arms and Interventions

Participant Group / Arm

Participant Group / Arm

A group or subgroup of participants in a clinical trial that receives a specific intervention/treatment, or no intervention, according to the trial's protocol.
Intervention / Treatment

Intervention / Treatment

A process or action that is the focus of a clinical study. Interventions include drugs, medical devices, procedures, vaccines, and other products that are either investigational or already available. Interventions can also include noninvasive approaches, such as education or modifying diet and exercise.
Experimental: Intervention Group
Participants in the intervention group completed the Expand Your Horizon programme (Alleva et al., 2015).
Other: Expand Your Horizon
Expand Your Horizon is an online programme, comprising three 15min writing exercises delivered over the course of 1 week. In each writing exercise, participants are asked to describe the functions of their body, and why those are personally meaningful to them.
No Intervention: Comparison Group
Participants in the comparison group did not complete any intervention (i.e., this was a waitlist comparison group).

What is the study measuring?

Primary Outcome Measures

Primary Outcome Measures

In a clinical study's protocol, the planned outcome measure that is the most important for evaluating the effect of an intervention/treatment. Most clinical studies have one primary outcome measure, but some have more than one.
Outcome Measure
Measure Description
Time Frame
Change in appearance satisfaction over time (pretest, posttest, follow-ups)
Time Frame: Pretest (Day 1), posttest (Day 5), 1-week follow-up (Day 12), 3-month follow-up (Day 95)
Appearance satisfaction was assessed using the Body Areas Satisfaction Subscale (BASS) of the Multidimensional Body-Self Relations Questionnaire (MBSRQ). Scores range from 1-5, with higher scores demonstrating higher appearance satisfaction.
Pretest (Day 1), posttest (Day 5), 1-week follow-up (Day 12), 3-month follow-up (Day 95)
Change in functionality satisfaction over time (pretest, posttest, follow-ups)
Time Frame: Pretest (Day 1), posttest (Day 5), 1-week follow-up (Day 12), 3-month follow-up (Day 95)
Functionality satisfaction was assessed using the Physical Condition Subscale (PCS) of the Body Esteem Scale (BES). Scores range from 1-5, with higher scores demonstrating higher functionality satisfaction.
Pretest (Day 1), posttest (Day 5), 1-week follow-up (Day 12), 3-month follow-up (Day 95)
Change in body appreciation over time (pretest, posttest, follow-ups)
Time Frame: Pretest (Day 1), posttest (Day 5), 1-week follow-up (Day 12), 3-month follow-up (Day 95)
Body appreciation was assessed using the Body Appreciation Scale-2 (BAS-2). Scores range from 1-5, with higher scores demonstrating higher body appreciation.
Pretest (Day 1), posttest (Day 5), 1-week follow-up (Day 12), 3-month follow-up (Day 95)
Change in body responsiveness over time (pretest, posttest, follow-ups)
Time Frame: Pretest (Day 1), posttest (Day 5), 1-week follow-up (Day 12), 3-month follow-up (Day 95)
Body responsiveness was assessed using the Body Responsiveness Questionnaire (BRQ). Scores range from 1-7, with higher scores demonstrating higher body responsiveness.
Pretest (Day 1), posttest (Day 5), 1-week follow-up (Day 12), 3-month follow-up (Day 95)
Change in self-objectification over time (pretest, posttest, follow-ups)
Time Frame: Pretest (Day 1), posttest (Day 5), 1-week follow-up (Day 12), 3-month follow-up (Day 95)
Self-objectification was assessed using the Self-Objectification Questionnaire (SOQ). Scores range from -25 to 25, with lower scores demonstrating higher levels of self-objectification.
Pretest (Day 1), posttest (Day 5), 1-week follow-up (Day 12), 3-month follow-up (Day 95)

Secondary Outcome Measures

Secondary Outcome Measures

In a clinical study's protocol, a planned outcome measure that is not as important as the primary outcome measure for evaluating the effect of an intervention but is still of interest. Most clinical studies have more than one secondary outcome measure.
Outcome Measure
Measure Description
Time Frame
Changes in self-esteem over time (pretest, posttest, follow-ups)
Time Frame: Pretest (Day 1), posttest (Day 5), 1-week follow-up (Day 12), 3-month follow-up (Day 95)
Self-esteem was assessed using the Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale (RSE). Scores range from 10-40, with higher scores reflecting higher levels of self-esteem.
Pretest (Day 1), posttest (Day 5), 1-week follow-up (Day 12), 3-month follow-up (Day 95)
Changes in self-kindness over time (pretest, posttest, follow-ups)
Time Frame: Pretest (Day 1), posttest (Day 5), 1-week follow-up (Day 12), 3-month follow-up (Day 95)
Self-kindness was assessed using the Self-Kindness Subscale (SKS) of the Self-Compassion Scale (SCS). Scores range from 1-7, with higher scores reflecting higher levels of self-kindness.
Pretest (Day 1), posttest (Day 5), 1-week follow-up (Day 12), 3-month follow-up (Day 95)

Collaborators and Investigators

This is where you will find people and organizations involved with this study.

Sponsor

Sponsor

The organization or person who initiates the study and who has authority and control over the study.
Maastricht University

Collaborators

Collaborators

An organization other than the sponsor that provides support for a clinical study. This support may include activities related to funding, design, implementation, data analysis, or reporting.
Nederlandse Obesitas Kliniek
Dutch Research Council

Investigators

Investigators

A researcher involved in a clinical study. Related terms include site principal investigator, site sub-investigator, study chair, study director, and study principal investigator.
  • Principal Investigator: Jessica Alleva, Maastricht University
  • Principal Investigator: Carolien Martijn, Maastricht University

Publications and helpful links

The person responsible for entering information about the study voluntarily provides these publications. These may be about anything related to the study.

General Publications

Study record dates

These dates track the progress of study record and summary results submissions to ClinicalTrials.gov. Study records and reported results are reviewed by the National Library of Medicine (NLM) to make sure they meet specific quality control standards before being posted on the public website.

Study Major Dates

Study Start (Actual)

Study Start

The actual date on which the first participant was enrolled in a clinical study. The "anticipated" study start date is the date that the researchers think will be the study start date.
September 1, 2016

Primary Completion (Actual)

Primary Completion

The date on which the last participant in a clinical study was examined or received an intervention to collect final data for the primary outcome measure. Whether the clinical study ended according to the protocol or was terminated does not affect this date. For clinical studies with more than one primary outcome measure with different completion dates, this term refers to the date on which data collection is completed for all the primary outcome measures. The "anticipated" primary completion date is the date that the researchers think will be the primary completion date for the study.
February 1, 2020

Study Completion (Actual)

Study Completion

The date on which the last participant in a clinical study was examined or received an intervention/treatment to collect final data for the primary outcome measures, secondary outcome measures, and adverse events (that is, the last participant's last visit). The "anticipated" study completion date is the date that the researchers think will be the study completion date.
February 1, 2020

Study Registration Dates

First Submitted

First Submitted

The date on which the study sponsor or investigator first submitted a study record to ClinicalTrials.gov. There is typically a delay of a few days between the first submitted date and the record's availability on ClinicalTrials.gov (the first posted date).
April 30, 2021

First Submitted That Met QC Criteria

First Submitted That Met QC Criteria

The date on which the study sponsor or investigator first submits a study record that is consistent with National Library of Medicine (NLM) quality control (QC) review criteria. The sponsor or investigator may need to revise and submit a study record one or more times before NLM's QC review criteria are met. It is the responsibility of the sponsor or investigator to ensure that the study record is consistent with the NLM QC review criteria.
May 6, 2021

First Posted (Actual)

First Posted

The date on which the study record was first available on ClinicalTrials.gov after National Library of Medicine (NLM) quality control (QC) review has concluded. There is typically a delay of a few days between the date the study sponsor or investigator submitted the study record and the first posted date.
May 12, 2021

Study Record Updates

Last Update Posted (Actual)

Last Update Posted

The most recent date on which changes to a study record were made available on ClinicalTrials.gov. There may be a delay between when the changes were submitted to ClinicalTrials.gov by the study's sponsor or investigator (the last update submitted date) and the last update posted date.
May 12, 2021

Last Update Submitted That Met QC Criteria

Last Update Submitted That Met QC Criteria

The most recent date on which the study sponsor or investigator submitted changes to a study record that are consistent with National Library of Medicine (NLM) quality control (QC) review criteria. It is the responsibility of the sponsor or investigator to ensure that the study record is consistent with the NLM QC review criteria.
May 6, 2021

Last Verified

Last Verified

The most recent date on which the study sponsor or investigator confirmed the information about a clinical study on ClinicalTrials.gov as accurate and current. If a study with a recruitment status of recruiting; not yet recruiting; or active, not recruiting has not been confirmed within the past 2 years, the study's recruitment status is shown as unknown.
May 1, 2021

More Information

Terms related to this study

Other Study ID Numbers

Other Study ID Numbers

Identifiers or ID numbers other than the NCT number that are assigned to a clinical study by the study's sponsor, funders, or others. These numbers may include unique identifiers from other trial registries and National Institutes of Health grant numbers.
  • ERCPN-167_03_05_2016

Plan for Individual participant data (IPD)

Plan to Share Individual Participant Data (IPD)?

YES

IPD Plan Description

Anonymised quantitative data (SPSS file) will be uploaded to DataVerse, and will be accessible upon request from the Principal Investigator. Study protocol and informed consent sheet will be available via ClinicalTrials.gov registration.

IPD Sharing Time Frame

The data will become available as soon as the manuscript is published, with no deadline. The study protocol and informed consent sheet will be available immediately, with no deadline.

IPD Sharing Access Criteria

Data will be available to other researchers for non-commercial purposes. Qualitative data (derived from participants' responses to the writing exercises) will not be shared, given the sensitive nature of the data, and given that participants did not provide consent for their writing exercises to be shared outside of the research team. Study protocol and informed consent sheet will be available for non-commercial purposes via ClinicalTrials.gov registration.

IPD Sharing Supporting Information Type

  • STUDY_PROTOCOL
  • ICF

Drug and device information, study documents

Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated drug product

No

Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated device product

No

This information was retrieved directly from the website clinicaltrials.gov without any changes. If you have any requests to change, remove or update your study details, please contact register@clinicaltrials.gov. As soon as a change is implemented on clinicaltrials.gov, this will be updated automatically on our website as well.

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