Myopia Prevention With Reading Glasses (SMART2)

February 22, 2023 updated by: Reis Augenklinik AG

An Open, Prospective Clinical Trial on the Use of Reading Glasses in Children to Prevent Myopia

The last decades have seen a significant increase in myopia in children and young adults. Possible cause: increased near-work (school, computer, smartphone). Rationale: Reading glasses support the accommodative effort of the eyes. By wearing reading glasses, there is less interference with the young eye´s physiological axial growth despite increased near-work. Main objective: does the use of reading glasses during near-work in children and adolescents reduce the incidence of myopia.

Study Overview

Status

Status

Indicates the current recruitment status or the expanded access status.
Not yet recruiting

Conditions

Conditions

The disease, disorder, syndrome, illness, or injury that is being studied. On ClinicalTrials.gov, conditions may also include other health-related issues, such as lifespan, quality of life, and health risks.

Intervention / Treatment

Intervention / Treatment

A process or action that is the focus of a clinical study. Interventions include drugs, medical devices, procedures, vaccines, and other products that are either investigational or already available. Interventions can also include noninvasive approaches, such as education or modifying diet and exercise.

Detailed Description

In myopia (nearsightedness), the eyeball is relatively to long, which means that the image produced by the cornea and lens is displayed in front of the retina.

The axial length of an adult eye is on average around 23 millimeters. Every millimeter of additional length must be corrected with a -2.75 diopter lens.

In newborns, the eyeball is about 18 millimeters long. It is believed that there are feedback loops during childhood and adolescence to control the growth of the eye.

Epidemiological studies show that myopia is an increasing health problem. There is a growing body of epidemiological evidence that environmental factors can influence the development of myopia.

The link between the environment and myopia lies in the quality of the retinal image. Experimental studies in various species have shown that if the retinal image is missing, eye growth is disturbed. Of even greater importance for the development of myopia is the knowledge that the primate eye can change its growth, depending on the strength and type of blurring of the retinal image: if lenses are placed in front of the eye during development, the eye growth changes in such a way that a sharp retinal image is achieved through these lenses. If divergent lenses are placed in front of the eye, the eye becomes longer, and if convergent lenses are placed in front of it, it becomes correspondingly shorter.

So myopia is the result of a failure in these emmetropization mechanisms. The positive correlation of myopia with a higher level of education suggests that increased close work interferes with emmetropization. The growth in length of the eye changes in such a way that it adapts to this requirement: the eye adjusts itself to the close work: it becomes myopic.

Myopia is thus possibly a physiological adaptation to increased near work with the aim of improving the quality of the retinal image during close work. However, this can only be achieved at the expense of the image quality when looking into the distance.

The investigators submitted a study on this subject to the Cantonal Ethics Committee of the Canton of Zurich in 2003:

"An open, prospective, randomized study on the use of reading glasses in children with normal vision to prevent myopia" Unique Protocol ID: FR-2005-01-01 Approval Status: Approved Approval Number: KEK-StV-Nr. 19/03

This was and is so far the only clinical study that examined the effect of reading glasses on the development of myopia in emmetropic (normally sighted) children and has led to Patent No: US 8,511,819 B2, Aug. 20, 2013 "Prevention of myopia acquisition in children and young adults using reading glasses"

Study Type

Study Type

Describes the nature of a clinical study. Study types include interventional studies (also called clinical trials), observational studies (including patient registries), and expanded access.
Interventional

Enrollment (Anticipated)

Enrollment

The number of participants in a clinical study. The "anticipated" enrollment is the target number of participants that the researchers need for the study.
1500

Phase

Phase

The stage of a clinical trial studying a drug or biological product, based on definitions developed by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA). The phase is based on the study's objective, the number of participants, and other characteristics. There are five phases: Early Phase 1 (formerly listed as Phase 0), Phase 1, Phase 2, Phase 3, and Phase 4. Not Applicable is used to describe trials without FDA-defined phases, including trials of devices or behavioral interventions.
  • Not Applicable

Contacts and Locations

This section provides the contact details for those conducting the study, and information on where this study is being conducted.

Study Locations

Participation Criteria

Researchers look for people who fit a certain description, called eligibility criteria. Some examples of these criteria are a person's general health condition or prior treatments.

Eligibility Criteria

Eligibility Criteria

The key requirements that people who want to participate in a clinical study must meet or the characteristics they must have. Eligibility criteria consist of both inclusion criteria (which are required for a person to participate in the study) and exclusion criteria (which prevent a person from participating). Types of eligibility criteria include whether a study accepts healthy volunteers, has age or age group requirements, or is limited by sex.

Ages Eligible for Study

6 years to 25 years (Child, Adult)

Accepts Healthy Volunteers

Yes

Genders Eligible for Study

All

Description

Inclusion Criteria:

  1. Children of both sexes from the age of 6
  2. Children whose parents have read and signed the declaration of consent
  3. Spherical equivalent of refraction <-0.5 dpt.
  4. Distant vision in both eyes without correction 1.0
  5. Willingness to wear reading glasses
  6. Possibility of a five-year follow-up

Exclusion Criteria:

  1. Children who already wear glasses
  2. Astigmatism over 1.5 diopters
  3. Anisometropy greater than 1.5 diopters
  4. Eye diseases that affect refraction development

Study Plan

This section provides details of the study plan, including how the study is designed and what the study is measuring.

How is the study designed?

Design Details

  • Primary Purpose: Prevention
  • Allocation: Non-Randomized
  • Interventional Model: Parallel Assignment
  • Masking: None (Open Label)

Arms and Interventions

Participant Group / Arm

Participant Group / Arm

A group or subgroup of participants in a clinical trial that receives a specific intervention/treatment, or no intervention, according to the trial's protocol.
Intervention / Treatment

Intervention / Treatment

A process or action that is the focus of a clinical study. Interventions include drugs, medical devices, procedures, vaccines, and other products that are either investigational or already available. Interventions can also include noninvasive approaches, such as education or modifying diet and exercise.
Active Comparator: Glasses
The participants are asked to wear reading glasses during near-work. The reading glasses have a lenspower of +2.0 diopters.
Device: Reading glasses, +2.0 diopters
The participants in the glasses-group are asked to wear the reading glasses during near-work.
No Intervention: Control
Age matched children and adolescents, no intervention.

What is the study measuring?

Primary Outcome Measures

Primary Outcome Measures

In a clinical study's protocol, the planned outcome measure that is the most important for evaluating the effect of an intervention/treatment. Most clinical studies have one primary outcome measure, but some have more than one.
Outcome Measure
Measure Description
Time Frame
Development of myopia
Time Frame: Five years
Number of participants which develop myopia within the follow-up period of five years
Five years

Collaborators and Investigators

This is where you will find people and organizations involved with this study.

Sponsor

Sponsor

The organization or person who initiates the study and who has authority and control over the study.
Reis Augenklinik AG

Study record dates

These dates track the progress of study record and summary results submissions to ClinicalTrials.gov. Study records and reported results are reviewed by the National Library of Medicine (NLM) to make sure they meet specific quality control standards before being posted on the public website.

Study Major Dates

Study Start (Anticipated)

Study Start

The actual date on which the first participant was enrolled in a clinical study. The "anticipated" study start date is the date that the researchers think will be the study start date.
October 1, 2023

Primary Completion (Anticipated)

Primary Completion

The date on which the last participant in a clinical study was examined or received an intervention to collect final data for the primary outcome measure. Whether the clinical study ended according to the protocol or was terminated does not affect this date. For clinical studies with more than one primary outcome measure with different completion dates, this term refers to the date on which data collection is completed for all the primary outcome measures. The "anticipated" primary completion date is the date that the researchers think will be the primary completion date for the study.
September 30, 2031

Study Completion (Anticipated)

Study Completion

The date on which the last participant in a clinical study was examined or received an intervention/treatment to collect final data for the primary outcome measures, secondary outcome measures, and adverse events (that is, the last participant's last visit). The "anticipated" study completion date is the date that the researchers think will be the study completion date.
December 31, 2031

Study Registration Dates

First Submitted

First Submitted

The date on which the study sponsor or investigator first submitted a study record to ClinicalTrials.gov. There is typically a delay of a few days between the first submitted date and the record's availability on ClinicalTrials.gov (the first posted date).
August 30, 2021

First Submitted That Met QC Criteria

First Submitted That Met QC Criteria

The date on which the study sponsor or investigator first submits a study record that is consistent with National Library of Medicine (NLM) quality control (QC) review criteria. The sponsor or investigator may need to revise and submit a study record one or more times before NLM's QC review criteria are met. It is the responsibility of the sponsor or investigator to ensure that the study record is consistent with the NLM QC review criteria.
August 30, 2021

First Posted (Actual)

First Posted

The date on which the study record was first available on ClinicalTrials.gov after National Library of Medicine (NLM) quality control (QC) review has concluded. There is typically a delay of a few days between the date the study sponsor or investigator submitted the study record and the first posted date.
September 1, 2021

Study Record Updates

Last Update Posted (Estimate)

Last Update Posted

The most recent date on which changes to a study record were made available on ClinicalTrials.gov. There may be a delay between when the changes were submitted to ClinicalTrials.gov by the study's sponsor or investigator (the last update submitted date) and the last update posted date.
February 23, 2023

Last Update Submitted That Met QC Criteria

Last Update Submitted That Met QC Criteria

The most recent date on which the study sponsor or investigator submitted changes to a study record that are consistent with National Library of Medicine (NLM) quality control (QC) review criteria. It is the responsibility of the sponsor or investigator to ensure that the study record is consistent with the NLM QC review criteria.
February 22, 2023

Last Verified

Last Verified

The most recent date on which the study sponsor or investigator confirmed the information about a clinical study on ClinicalTrials.gov as accurate and current. If a study with a recruitment status of recruiting; not yet recruiting; or active, not recruiting has not been confirmed within the past 2 years, the study's recruitment status is shown as unknown.
February 1, 2023

More Information

Terms related to this study

Keywords

Additional Relevant MeSH Terms

Other Study ID Numbers

Other Study ID Numbers

Identifiers or ID numbers other than the NCT number that are assigned to a clinical study by the study's sponsor, funders, or others. These numbers may include unique identifiers from other trial registries and National Institutes of Health grant numbers.
  • SMART2

Plan for Individual participant data (IPD)

Plan to Share Individual Participant Data (IPD)?

NO

Drug and device information, study documents

Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated drug product

No

Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated device product

No

This information was retrieved directly from the website clinicaltrials.gov without any changes. If you have any requests to change, remove or update your study details, please contact register@clinicaltrials.gov. As soon as a change is implemented on clinicaltrials.gov, this will be updated automatically on our website as well.

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